实验六 继承定义与使用
实验时间 2018-9-28
1、实验目的与要求
(1) 理解继承的定义；
(2) 掌握子类的定义要求
(3) 掌握多态性的概念及用法；
(4) 掌握抽象类的定义及用途；
(5) 掌握类中4个成员访问权限修饰符的用途；
(6) 掌握抽象类的定义方法及用途；
(7)掌握Object类的用途及常用API；
(8) 掌握ArrayList类的定义方法及用法；
(9) 掌握枚举类定义方法及用途。
2、实验内容和步骤
实验1： 导入第5章示例程序，测试并进行代码注释。
测试程序1：
在elipse IDE中编辑、调试、运行程序5-1 （教材152页-153页） ；
掌握子类的定义及用法；
结合程序运行结果，理解并总结OO风格程序构造特点，理解Employee和Manager类的关系子类的用途，并在代码中添加注释。
测试实验结果如下：
插入此程序的代码并对其进行注释，进行更深一步的理解
ManagerTest
package inheritance;
/
public class ManagerTest
{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
// 构建管理者对象
Manager boss = new Manager("Carl Cracker", 80000, 1987, 12, 15);
boss.setBonus(5000);
Employee[] staff = new Employee[3];//定义一个包含3个雇员的数组
// 用管理者和员工对象填充员工数组
staff[0] = boss;
staff[1] = new Employee("Harry Hacker", 50000, 1989, 10, 1);
staff[2] = new Employee("Tommy Tester", 40000, 1990, 3, 15);
// 打印关于所有员工对象的信息
for (Employee e : staff)
System.out.println("name=" + e.getName() + ",salary=" + e.getSalary());
//输出每个人的薪水
}
}
Manager
package inheritance;
public class Manager extends Employee
{
private double bonus;
/**
* @param name the employee‘s name
* @param salary the salary
* @param year the hire year
* @param month the hire month
* @param day the hire day
*/
public Manager(String name, double salary, int year, int month, int day)
{
super(name, salary, year, month, day);
bonus = 0;
}
public double getSalary()
{
double baseSalary = super.getSalary();
return baseSalary + bonus;
}
public void setBonus(double b)
{
bonus = b;
}
}
Emloyee:
package inheritance;
import java.time.*;
public class Employee
{
private String name;
private double salary;
private LocalDate hireDay;
public Employee(String name, double salary, int year, int month, int day)
{
this.name = name;
this.salary = salary;
hireDay = LocalDate.of(year, month, day);
}
public String getName()
{
return name;
}
public double getSalary()
{
return salary;
}
public LocalDate getHireDay()
{
return hireDay;
}
public void raiseSalary(double byPercent)
{
double raise = salary * byPercent / 100;
salary += raise;
}
}
package inheritance;
import java.time.*;
public class Employee
{
private String name;
private double salary;
private LocalDate hireDay;
public Employee(String name, double salary, int year, int month, int day)
{
this.name = name;
this.salary = salary;
hireDay = LocalDate.of(year, month, day);
}
public String getName()
{
return name;
}
public double getSalary()
{
return salary;
}
public LocalDate getHireDay()
{
return hireDay;
}
public void raiseSalary(double byPercent)
{
double raise = salary * byPercent / 100;
salary += raise;
}
}
子类的定义：在有继承关系的类中extends前面的类则是子类。
超类和子类都是Java程序员常用的两个类。
测试程序2：
编辑、编译、调试运行教材PersonTest程序（教材163页-165页)；
掌握超类的定义及其使用要求；
掌握利用超类扩展子类的要求；
在程序中相关代码处添加新知识的注释。
超类：如果在程序中没有明确的之处超类，Object就是被认为是这个类的超类，如：Public class Employee extebds Object.在java中，每个类都是Object类扩展而来的。当然也可以使用Object类型的变量引用任何类型的对象。
超类扩展子类的要求
代码的注释：
package abstractClasses;
import java.time.*;
public class Employee extends Person
{
private double salary;
private LocalDate hireDay;
public Employee(String name, double salary, int year, int month, int day)
{
super(name);
this.salary = salary;
hireDay = LocalDate.of(year, month, day);
}
public double getSalary()
{
return salary;
}
public LocalDate getHireDay()
{
return hireDay;
}
public String getDescription()
{
return String.format("an employee with a salary of $%.2f", salary);
}
public void raiseSalary(double byPercent)
{
double raise = salary * byPercent / 100;
salary += raise;
}
}
package abstractClasses;
/**
* This program demonstrates abstract classes.
* @version 1.01 2004-02-21
* @author Cay Horstmann
*/
public class PersonTest
{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
Person[] people = new Person[2];
// 用Student和Employee对象填充人员数组
people[0] = new Employee("Harry Hacker", 50000, 1989, 10, 1);
people[1] = new Student("Maria Morris", "computer science");
// 打印所有person对象的名称和描述
for (Person p : people)
System.out.println(p.getName() + ", " + p.getDescription());
}
}
package abstractClasses;
public class Student extends Person
{
private String major;
/**
* @param nama the student‘s name
* @param major the student‘s major
*/
public Student(String name, String major)
{
// 将n传递给父类函数
super(name);
this.major = major;
}
public String getDescription()
{
return "a student majoring in " + major;
}
}
测试程序3：
编辑、编译、调试运行教材程序5-8、5-9、5-10，结合程序运行结果理解程序（教材174页-177页）；
掌握Object类的定义及用法；
在程序中相关代码处添加新知识的注释。
Employee.java:
package equals;
import java.time.*;
import java.util.Objects;
public class Employee
{
private String name;
private double salary;
private LocalDate hireDay;
public Employee(String name, double salary, int year, int month, int day)
{
this.name = name;
this.salary = salary;
hireDay = LocalDate.of(year, month, day);
}
public String getName()
{
return name;
}
public double getSalary()
{
return salary;
}
public LocalDate getHireDay()
{
return hireDay;
}
public void raiseSalary(double byPercent)
{
double raise = salary * byPercent / 100;
salary += raise;
}
public boolean equals(Object otherObject)
{
// 看看这些对象是否相同
if (this == otherObject) return true;
// 如果显式参数为空，则必须返回false
if (otherObject == null) return false;
// 如果类不匹配，它们就不能相等
if (getClass() != otherObject.getClass()) return false;
// 现在我们知道otherObject是一个非空雇员
Employee other = (Employee) otherObject;
// 测试字段是否具有相同的值
return Objects.equals(name, other.name) && salary == other.salary && Objects.equals(hireDay, other.hireDay);
}
public int hashCode()
{
return Objects.hash(name, salary, hireDay);
}
public String toString()
{
return getClass().getName() + "[name=" + name + ",salary=" + salary + ",hireDay=" + hireDay
+ "]";
}
}
Manager.java:
package equals;
public class Manager extends Employee//子类Manager继承父类Employee
{
private double bonus;
public Manager(String name, double salary, int year, int month, int day)
{
super(name, salary, year, month, day);
bonus = 0;
}
public double getSalary()
{
double baseSalary = super.getSalary();
return baseSalary + bonus;
}
public void setBonus(double bonus)
{
this.bonus = bonus;
}
public boolean equals(Object otherObject)
{
if (!super.equals(otherObject)) return false;
Manager other = (Manager) otherObject;
// super.equals检查这个和其他属于同一个类
return bonus == other.bonus;
}
public int hashCode()
{
return java.util.Objects.hash(super.hashCode(), bonus);
}
public String toString()
{
return super.toString() + "[bonus=" + bonus + "]";
}
}
Equals.java:
package equals;
/**
* This program demonstrates the equals method.
* @version 1.12 2012-01-26
* @author Cay Horstmann
*/
public class EqualsTest
{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
Employee alice1 = new Employee("Alice Adams", 75000, 1987, 12, 15);
Employee alice2 = alice1;
Employee alice3 = new Employee("Alice Adams", 75000, 1987, 12, 15);
Employee bob = new Employee("Bob Brandson", 50000, 1989, 10, 1);
System.out.println("alice1 == alice2: " + (alice1 == alice2));
System.out.println("alice1 == alice3: " + (alice1 == alice3));
System.out.println("alice1.equals(alice3): " + alice1.equals(alice3));
System.out.println("alice1.equals(bob): " + alice1.equals(bob));
System.out.println("bob.toString(): " + bob);
Manager carl = new Manager("Carl Cracker", 80000, 1987, 12, 15);
Manager boss = new Manager("Carl Cracker", 80000, 1987, 12, 15);
boss.setBonus(5000);
System.out.println("boss.toString(): " + boss);
System.out.println("carl.equals(boss): " + carl.equals(boss));
System.out.println("alice1.hashCode(): " + alice1.hashCode());
System.out.println("alice3.hashCode(): " + alice3.hashCode());
System.out.println("bob.hashCode(): " + bob.hashCode());
System.out.println("carl.hashCode(): " + carl.hashCode());
}
}
package equals;
/**
* This program demonstrates the equals method.
* @version 1.12 2012-01-26
* @author Cay Horstmann
*/
public class EqualsTest
{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
Employee alice1 = new Employee("Alice Adams", 75000, 1987, 12, 15);
Employee alice2 = alice1;
Employee alice3 = new Employee("Alice Adams", 75000, 1987, 12, 15);
Employee bob = new Employee("Bob Brandson", 50000, 1989, 10, 1);
System.out.println("alice1 == alice2: " + (alice1 == alice2));
System.out.println("alice1 == alice3: " + (alice1 == alice3));
System.out.println("alice1.equals(alice3): " + alice1.equals(alice3));
System.out.println("alice1.equals(bob): " + alice1.equals(bob));
System.out.println("bob.toString(): " + bob);
Manager carl = new Manager("Carl Cracker", 80000, 1987, 12, 15);
Manager boss = new Manager("Carl Cracker", 80000, 1987, 12, 15);
boss.setBonus(5000);
System.out.println("boss.toString(): " + boss);
System.out.println("carl.equals(boss): " + carl.equals(boss));
System.out.println("alice1.hashCode(): " + alice1.hashCode());
System.out.println("alice3.hashCode(): " + alice3.hashCode());
System.out.println("bob.hashCode(): " + bob.hashCode());
System.out.println("carl.hashCode(): " + carl.hashCode());
}
}
测试程序4：
在elipse IDE中调试运行程序5-11（教材182页），结合程序运行结果理解程序；
掌握ArrayList类的定义及用法；
在程序中相关代码处添加新知识的注释。
插入程序相关代码
ArrayList.java:
package arrayList;
import java.util.*;
/**
* This program demonstrates the ArrayList class.
* @version 1.11 2012-01-26
* @author Cay Horstmann
*/
public class ArrayListTest
{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
// 用三个Employee对象填充staff数组列表
ArrayList<Employee> staff = new ArrayList<>();
staff.add(new Employee("Carl Cracker", 75000, 1987, 12, 15));
staff.add(new Employee("Harry Hacker", 50000, 1989, 10, 1));
staff.add(new Employee("Tony Tester", 40000, 1990, 3, 15));
// 把每个人的薪水提高5%
for (Employee e : staff)
e.raiseSalary(5);
// 打印所有Employee对象的信息
for (Employee e : staff)
System.out.println("name=" + e.getName() + ",salary=" + e.getSalary() + ",hireDay="
+ e.getHireDay());
}
}
Employee.java:
package arrayList;
import java.time.*;
public class Employee
{
private String name;
private double salary;
private LocalDate hireDay;
public Employee(String name, double salary, int year, int month, int day)
{
this.name = name;
this.salary = salary;
hireDay = LocalDate.of(year, month, day);
}
public String getName()
{
return name;
}
public double getSalary()
{
return salary;
}
public LocalDate getHireDay()
{
return hireDay;
}
public void raiseSalary(double byPercent)
{
double raise = salary * byPercent / 100;
salary += raise;
}
}
package arrayList;
import java.time.*;
public class Employee
{
private String name;
private double salary;
private LocalDate hireDay;
public Employee(String name, double salary, int year, int month, int day)
{
this.name = name;
this.salary = salary;
hireDay = LocalDate.of(year, month, day);
}
public String getName()
{
return name;
}
public double getSalary()
{
return salary;
}
public LocalDate getHireDay()
{
return hireDay;
}
public void raiseSalary(double byPercent)
{
double raise = salary * byPercent / 100;
salary += raise;
}
}
程序测试结果如下：
测试程序5：
编辑、编译、调试运行程序5-12（教材189页），结合运行结果理解程序；
掌握枚举类的定义及用法；
在程序中相关代码处添加新知识的注释。
插入实例程序的代码：
package enums;
import java.util.*;
/**
* This program demonstrates enumerated types.
* @version 1.0 2004-05-24
* @author Cay Horstmann
*/
public class EnumTest
{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print("Enter a size: (SMALL, MEDIUM, LARGE, EXTRA_LARGE) ");
String input = in.next().toUpperCase();
Size size = Enum.valueOf(Size.class, input);
System.out.println("size=" + size);
System.out.println("abbreviation=" + size.getAbbreviation());
if (size == Size.EXTRA_LARGE)
System.out.println("Good job--you paid attention to the _.");
}
}
enum Size
{
SMALL("S"), MEDIUM("M"), LARGE("L"), EXTRA_LARGE("XL");
private Size(String abbreviation) { this.abbreviation = abbreviation; }
public String getAbbreviation() { return abbreviation; }
private String abbreviation;
}
测试结果如下：
实验2：编程练习1
定义抽象类Shape：
属性：不可变常量double PI，值为3.14；
方法：public double getPerimeter()；public double getArea())。
让Rectangle与Circle继承自Shape类。
编写double sumAllArea方法输出形状数组中的面积和和double sumAllPerimeter方法输出形状数组中的周长和。
main方法中
1）输入整型值n，然后建立n个不同的形状。如果输入rect，则再输入长和宽。如果输入cir，则再输入半径。
2） 然后输出所有的形状的周长之和，面积之和。并将所有的形状信息以样例的格式输出。
3） 最后输出每个形状的类型与父类型，使用类似shape.getClass()(获得类型)，shape.getClass().getSuperclass()(获得父类型);
思考sumAllArea和sumAllPerimeter方法放在哪个类中更合适？
输入样例:
3
rect
1 1
rect
2 2
cir
1
输出样例:
18.28
8.14
[Rectangle [width=1, length=1], Rectangle [width=2, length=2], Circle [radius=1]]
class Rectangle,class Shape
class Rectangle,class Shape
class Circle,class Shape
程序相关代码：
shape:
package shape;
import java.util.Scanner;
public class Test {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.println("个数");
int a = in.nextInt();
System.out.println("种类");
String rect="rect";
String cir="cir";
Shape[] num=new Shape[a];
for(int i=0;i<a;i++){
String input=in.next();
if(input.equals(rect)) {
System.out.println("长和宽");
int length = in.nextInt();
int width = in.nextInt();
num[i]=new Rectangle(width,length);
System.out.println("Rectangle["+"length:"+length+" width:"+width+"]");
}
if(input.equals(cir)) {
System.out.println("半径");
int radius = in.nextInt();
num[i]=new Circle(radius);
System.out.println("Circle["+"radius:"+radius+"]");
}
}
Test c=new Test();
System.out.println("求和");
System.out.println(c.sumAllPerimeter(num));
System.out.println(c.sumAllArea(num));
for(Shape s:num) {
System.out.println(s.getClass()+","+s.getClass().getSuperclass());
}
}
public double sumAllArea(Shape score[])
{
double sum=0;
for(int i=0;i<score.length;i++)
sum+= score[i].getArea();
return sum;
}
public double sumAllPerimeter(Shape score[])
{
double sum=0;
for(int i=0;i<score.length;i++)
sum+= score[i].getPerimeter();
return sum;
}
}
Test:
package shape;
import java.util.Scanner;
public class Test {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.println("个数");
int a = in.nextInt();
System.out.println("种类");
String rect="rect";
String cir="cir";
Shape[] num=new Shape[a];
for(int i=0;i<a;i++){
String input=in.next();
if(input.equals(rect)) {
System.out.println("长和宽");
int length = in.nextInt();
int width = in.nextInt();
num[i]=new Rectangle(width,length);
System.out.println("Rectangle["+"length:"+length+" width:"+width+"]");
}
if(input.equals(cir)) {
System.out.println("半径");
int radius = in.nextInt();
num[i]=new Circle(radius);
System.out.println("Circle["+"radius:"+radius+"]");
}
}
Test c=new Test();
System.out.println("求和");
System.out.println(c.sumAllPerimeter(num));
System.out.println(c.sumAllArea(num));
for(Shape s:num) {
System.out.println(s.getClass()+","+s.getClass().getSuperclass());
}
}
public double sumAllArea(Shape score[])
{
double sum=0;
for(int i=0;i<score.length;i++)
sum+= score[i].getArea();
return sum;
}
public double sumAllPerimeter(Shape score[])
{
double sum=0;
for(int i=0;i<score.length;i++)
sum+= score[i].getPerimeter();
return sum;
}
}
实验结果如下所示：
实验3： 编程练习2
编制一个程序，将身份证号.txt 中的信息读入到内存中，输入一个身份证号或姓名，查询显示查询对象的姓名、身份证号、年龄、性别和出生地。
插入程序代码：
Main :
package id1;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Scanner;
public class Main{
private static ArrayList<Student> studentlist;
public static void main(String[] args) {
studentlist = new ArrayList<>();
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
File file = new File("D:/身份证号.txt");
try {
FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(file);
BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(fis));
String temp = null;
while ((temp = in.readLine()) != null) {
Scanner linescanner = new Scanner(temp);
linescanner.useDelimiter(" ");
String name = linescanner.next();
String number = linescanner.next();
String sex = linescanner.next();
String year = linescanner.next();
String province =linescanner.nextLine();
Student student = new Student();
student.setName(name);
student.setnumber(number);
student.setsex(sex);
student.setyear(year);
student.setprovince(province);
studentlist.add(student);
}
} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
System.out.println("学生信息文件找不到");
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
System.out.println("学生信息文件读取错误");
e.printStackTrace();
}
boolean isTrue = true;
while (isTrue) {
System.out.println("1.按姓名查询");
System.out.println("2.按身份证号查询");
System.out.println("3.退出");
int nextInt = scanner.nextInt();
switch (nextInt) {
case 1:
System.out.println("请输入姓名");
String studentname = scanner.next();
int nameint = findStudentByname(studentname);
if (nameint != -1) {
System.out.println("查找信息为：身份证号:"
+ studentlist.get(nameint).getnumber() + " 姓名:"
+ studentlist.get(nameint).getName() +" 性别:"
+studentlist.get(nameint).getsex() +" 年龄:"
+studentlist.get(nameint).getyaer()+" 地址:"
+studentlist.get(nameint).getprovince()
);
} else {
System.out.println("不存在该学生");
}
break;
case 2:
System.out.println("请输入身份证号");
String studentid = scanner.next();
int idint = findStudentByid(studentid);
if (idint != -1) {
System.out.println("查找信息为：身份证号:"
+ studentlist.get(idint ).getnumber() + " 姓名:"
+ studentlist.get(idint ).getName() +" 性别:"
+studentlist.get(idint ).getsex() +" 年龄:"
+studentlist.get(idint ).getyaer()+" 地址:"
+studentlist.get(idint ).getprovince()
);
} else {
System.out.println("不存在该学生");
}
break;
case 3:
isTrue = false;
System.out.println("程序已退出!");
break;
default:
System.out.println("输入有误");
}
}
}
public static int findStudentByname(String name) {
int flag = -1;
int a[];
for (int i = 0; i < studentlist.size(); i++) {
if (studentlist.get(i).getName().equals(name)) {
flag= i;
}
}
return flag;
}
public static int findStudentByid(String id) {
int flag = -1;
for (int i = 0; i < studentlist.size(); i++) {
if (studentlist.get(i).getnumber().equals(id)) {
flag = i;
}
}
return flag;
}
}
Student:
package id1;
public class Student {
private String name;
private String number ;
private String sex ;
private String year;
private String province;
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public String getnumber() {
return number;
}
public void setnumber(String number) {
this.number = number;
}
public String getsex() {
return sex ;
}
public void setsex(String sex ) {
this.sex =sex ;
}
public String getyaer() {
return year;
}
public void setyear(String year ) {
this.year=year ;
}
public String getprovince() {
return province;
}
public void setprovince(String province) {
this.province=province ;
}
}
实验结果如下所示：
本周学习总结：
通过将近一周的学习以及自己在后期的自学过程当中，我深入了解了什么叫做继承，以及在继承中所包含的类型有哪些。继承是用已有类来构建新类的一种机制，当定义了一个新类继承了一个类时，这个新类继承一个类时，这个新类就继承了这个类的方法和域。而且继承是具有层次的，其代码也是可重用的，可以轻松定义子类。首先在学习过程当中我们学习了类，超类和子类的定义，让我明白了父类和子类时相对的。还学习了泛型数组列表与对象包装器与自动装箱，在后面还介绍了反射的概念，它是在程序运行期间发现更多的类及其属性的能力。
原文地址：https://www.cnblogs.com/791683057mxd/p/9724641.html
时间： 2024-10-08 21:06:39