(1)write
write命令用于给指定用户发信息,以Ctrl+D保存结束,所在路径为/usr/bin/write,其语法格式为:
write [用户名]
注:只能给在线用户发送。
例:新建ws用户,root远程端向ws远程端发送hello信息。
root端:
[[email protected] cdrom]# write ws hello
ws端:
[[email protected] ~]$ Message from [email protected] on pts/1 at 03:58 ... helloEOF
其中EOF表示结束。
(2)wall
wall命令用于发送广播信息,英文原意为write all,所在路径为/usr/bin/wall,其语法格式为:
wall [message]
例:在root远程端向全体在线用户发送hello消息:
root端:
[[email protected] cdrom]# wall hello [[email protected] cdrom]# Broadcast message from [email protected] (pts/1) (Fri Jan 2 04:05:08 2015): hello
ws端:
[[email protected] ~]$ Broadcast message from [email protected] (pts/1) (Fri Jan 2 04:05:08 2015): hello
(3)ping
ping命令用于测试网络连通性,所在路径为/bin/ping,其语法格式为:
ping 选项 IP地址
其中-c选项指定发送次数
例如:测试回环地址127.0.0.1,发送次数设定为3次:
[[email protected] cdrom]# ping -c 3 127.0.0.1 PING 127.0.0.1 (127.0.0.1) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from 127.0.0.1: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.274 ms 64 bytes from 127.0.0.1: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.072 ms 64 bytes from 127.0.0.1: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.070 ms --- 127.0.0.1 ping statistics --- 3 packets transmitted, 3 received, 0% packet loss, time 1999ms rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.070/0.138/0.274/0.096 ms
(4)ifconfig
ifconfig命令用于查看和设置网卡信息,英文原意为interface configure,所在路径为/sbin/ifconfig,其语法格式为:
ifconfig 网卡 IP地址
注:ifconfig只是短暂的设置IP地址,等下次重启系统时,该配置已消除。
(5)mail
mail命令用于查看和发送电子邮件,特点是用户不在线也可以进行发送,所在路径为/bin/mail,其语法格式为:
mail [用户名]
例:root远程端向ws远程端发送邮件
root远程端:
[[email protected] cdrom]# mail ws Subject: hello hello i am wsEOT [[email protected] cdrom]#
ws远程端:
[[email protected] ~]$ mail Heirloom Mail version 12.4 7/29/08. Type ? for help. "/var/spool/mail/ws": 1 message 1 new >N 1 root Fri Jan 2 04:17 18/606 "hello" &
输入1即可查看该邮件:
& 1 Message 1: From [email protected] Fri Jan 2 04:17:44 2015 Return-Path: <[email protected]> X-Original-To: ws Delivered-To: [email protected] Date: Fri, 02 Jan 2015 04:17:43 +0800 To: [email protected] Subject: hello User-Agent: Heirloom mailx 12.4 7/29/08 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii From: [email protected] (root) Status: R hello i am ws &
(6)last
last命令列出目前与过去登入系统的用户信息,所在路径为/usr/bin/last,其语法格式为:
last
例:
[[email protected] cdrom]# last ws pts/0 110.13.4.109 Fri Jan 2 03:57 still logged in ws pts/0 110.13.4.109 Fri Jan 2 03:56 - 03:57 (00:00) ws pts/0 110.13.4.109 Thu Jan 1 22:59 - 00:03 (01:03) root pts/1 110.13.4.109 Thu Jan 1 18:44 still logged in root pts/0 110.13.4.109 Thu Jan 1 18:38 - 20:49 (02:11) root tty1 Thu Jan 1 18:36 still logged in reboot system boot 2.6.32-431.el6.i Thu Jan 1 18:35 - 04:22 (09:47) root pts/0 110.13.4.109 Thu Jan 1 17:43 - crash (00:51) root tty1 Thu Jan 1 17:41 - crash (00:54) reboot system boot 2.6.32-431.el6.i Thu Jan 1 17:38 - 04:22 (10:43) root pts/0 110.13.4.236 Tue Oct 21 20:24 - crash (71+21:13) root tty1 Tue Oct 21 20:23 - crash (71+21:15) reboot system boot 2.6.32-431.el6.i Tue Oct 21 18:59 - 04:22 (72+09:22) root pts/0 110.13.4.236 Tue Oct 21 06:31 - 06:32 (00:00) root tty1 Tue Oct 21 06:29 - crash (12:30) reboot system boot 2.6.32-431.el6.i Tue Oct 21 06:27 - 04:22 (72+21:54) wtmp begins Tue Oct 21 06:27:29 2014
(7)lastlog
lastlog命令用于检查某特定用户上次登录的时间,所在路径为/usr/bin/lastlog,其语法格式为:
lastlog
例:lastlog或last -u 500
[[email protected] cdrom]# lastlog -u 500 Username Port From Latest ws pts/0 110.13.4.109 Fri Jan 2 03:57:07 +0800 2015
(8)traceroute
traceroute命令用于显示数据包到主机间的路径信息,所在路径为/bin/traceroute,其语法格式为:
traceroute 网址
(9)netstat
netstat命令用于显示网络相关信息,所在路径为/bin/netstat,其语法格式为:
netstat [选项]
其中,-t选项表示TCP协议,-u选项表示UDP协议,-l表示监听,-r表示路由,-n表示显示IP地址和端口号。
如:查看本地监听端口-----netstat -tlun
查看本机所有的网络连接-----netstat -an
查看本机路由表-----netstat -rn。
(10)setup
setup命令用于配置网络,其特点是永久生效,与ifconfig不同,所在路径为/usr/bin/setup,其语法格式为:
setup
注:该命令是红帽系列的专有命令。
(11)mount
mount命令用于挂载,所在路径为/bin/mount,其语法格式为:
mount [-t 文件系统] 设备文件名 挂载点
例:在/mnt目录下创建cdrom文件夹作为挂载点,然后选择ISO镜像,然后进行挂载:
[[email protected] ~]# mkdir /mnt/cdrom [[email protected] ~]# mount /dev/sr0 /mnt/cdrom/ mount: block device /dev/sr0 is write-protected, mounting read-only [[email protected] ~]# ls /mnt/cdrom/ autorun.inf casper EFI isolinux pics preseed ubuntu boot dists install md5sum.txt pool README.diskdefines wubi.exe [[email protected] ~]# umount /dev/sr0