使用uWSGI部署django项目

先说说什么是uWSGI吧，他是实现了WSGI协议、uwsgi、http等协议的一个web服务器，那什么是WSGI呢？

WSGI是一种Web服务器网关接口。它是一个Web服务器（如nginx）与应用服务器（如uWSGI服务器）通信的一种规范（协议）。

还有一种wsgi，uwsgi是一种线路协议而不是通信协议，在此常用于在uWSGI服务器与其他网络服务器的数据通信。uwsgi协议是一个uWSGI服务器自有的协议，它用于定义传输信息的类型（type of information）。

部署步骤：

1. 安装uWSGI

(lofter) ?  dj_test git:(master) pip install uwsgi
Collecting uwsgi
/home/wang/.virtualenvs/lofter/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pip/_vendor/requests/packages/urllib3/util/ssl_.py:318: SNIMissingWarning: An HTTPS request has been made, but the SNI (Subject Name Indication) extension to TLS is not available on this platform. This may cause the server to present an incorrect TLS certificate, which can cause validation failures. You can upgrade to a newer version of Python to solve this. For more information, see https://urllib3.readthedocs.org/en/latest/security.html#snimissingwarning.
  SNIMissingWarning
/home/wang/.virtualenvs/lofter/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pip/_vendor/requests/packages/urllib3/util/ssl_.py:122: InsecurePlatformWarning: A true SSLContext object is not available. This prevents urllib3 from configuring SSL appropriately and may cause certain SSL connections to fail. You can upgrade to a newer version of Python to solve this. For more information, see https://urllib3.readthedocs.org/en/latest/security.html#insecureplatformwarning.
  InsecurePlatformWarning
  Downloading uwsgi-2.0.13.1.tar.gz (784kB)
    100% |████████████████████████████████| 788kB 1.4MB/s
Building wheels for collected packages: uwsgi
  Running setup.py bdist_wheel for uwsgi ... done
  Stored in directory: /home/wang/.cache/pip/wheels/01/e4/de/0b2bbeba234858bd780924d03031a4e817119aafb0cfc4c79e
Successfully built uwsgi
Installing collected packages: uwsgi
Successfully installed uwsgi-2.0.13.1

以上命令是安装目前稳定版本的，也可以安装LTS版本

# Or install LTS (long term support).
$ pip install https://projects.unbit.it/downloads/uwsgi-lts.tar.gz

2. 安装之后进行简单的测试：

2.1 创建一个test.py文件：

# test.py
def application(env, start_response):
    start_response(‘200 OK‘, [(‘Content-Type‘,‘text/html‘)])
    return [b"Hello World"] # python3
    #return ["Hello World"] # python2

2.2 启动uWSGI服务器：

uwsgi --http :8000 --wsgi-file test.py

意思是使用8000端口启动这个文件，效果如下：

(lofter) ?  dj_test git:(master) uwsgi --http :8000 --wsgi-file test.py
*** Starting uWSGI 2.0.12 (64bit) on [Mon May 23 21:15:56 2016] ***
compiled with version: 4.8.4 on 08 April 2016 10:44:49
os: Linux-3.13.0-86-generic #130-Ubuntu SMP Mon Apr 18 18:27:15 UTC 2016
nodename: wang-N46VZ
machine: x86_64
clock source: unix
detected number of CPU cores: 8
current working directory: /home/wang/Workspace/Git/show-me-the-code/dj_test
detected binary path: /usr/local/bin/uwsgi
!!! no internal routing support, rebuild with pcre support !!!
*** WARNING: you are running uWSGI without its master process manager ***
your processes number limit is 62795
your memory page size is 4096 bytes
detected max file descriptor number: 1024
lock engine: pthread robust mutexes
thunder lock: disabled (you can enable it with --thunder-lock)
uWSGI http bound on :8000 fd 4
spawned uWSGI http 1 (pid: 5539)
uwsgi socket 0 bound to TCP address 127.0.0.1:47320 (port auto-assigned) fd 3
Python version: 2.7.6 (default, Jun 22 2015, 18:01:27)  [GCC 4.8.2]
*** Python threads support is disabled. You can enable it with --enable-threads ***
Python main interpreter initialized at 0x21b8ff0
your server socket listen backlog is limited to 100 connections
your mercy for graceful operations on workers is 60 seconds
mapped 72768 bytes (71 KB) for 1 cores
*** Operational MODE: single process ***
WSGI app 0 (mountpoint=‘‘) ready in 0 seconds on interpreter 0x21b8ff0 pid: 5538 (default app)
*** uWSGI is running in multiple interpreter mode ***
spawned uWSGI worker 1 (and the only) (pid: 5538, cores: 1)

2.3 访问 localhost:8000

显示 hello world（linux截图太麻烦了，见谅）

这就说明uWSGI启动成功了～可以设置uWSGI启动django了

3. 使用uWSGI启动django项目

(lofter) ?  dj_test git:(master) uwsgi --http :8000 --file dj_test/wsgi.py
*** Starting uWSGI 2.0.12 (64bit) on [Mon May 23 21:19:35 2016] ***
compiled with version: 4.8.4 on 08 April 2016 10:44:49
os: Linux-3.13.0-86-generic #130-Ubuntu SMP Mon Apr 18 18:27:15 UTC 2016
nodename: wang-N46VZ
machine: x86_64
clock source: unix
detected number of CPU cores: 8
current working directory: /home/wang/Workspace/Git/show-me-the-code/dj_test
detected binary path: /usr/local/bin/uwsgi
!!! no internal routing support, rebuild with pcre support !!!
*** WARNING: you are running uWSGI without its master process manager ***
your processes number limit is 62795
your memory page size is 4096 bytes
detected max file descriptor number: 1024
lock engine: pthread robust mutexes
thunder lock: disabled (you can enable it with --thunder-lock)
uWSGI http bound on :8000 fd 4
spawned uWSGI http 1 (pid: 5649)
uwsgi socket 0 bound to TCP address 127.0.0.1:60536 (port auto-assigned) fd 3
Python version: 2.7.6 (default, Jun 22 2015, 18:01:27)  [GCC 4.8.2]
*** Python threads support is disabled. You can enable it with --enable-threads ***
Python main interpreter initialized at 0x2263ff0
your server socket listen backlog is limited to 100 connections
your mercy for graceful operations on workers is 60 seconds
mapped 72768 bytes (71 KB) for 1 cores
*** Operational MODE: single process ***
WSGI app 0 (mountpoint=‘‘) ready in 0 seconds on interpreter 0x2263ff0 pid: 5648 (default app)
*** uWSGI is running in multiple interpreter mode ***

访问网址，就可以看见你的项目了～

常用命令：

uwsgi --chdir=/path/to/your/project     --module=mysite.wsgi:application     --env DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE=mysite.settings     --master --pidfile=/tmp/project-master.pid     --socket=127.0.0.1:49152 \      # can also be a file
    --processes=5 \                 # number of worker processes
    --uid=1000 --gid=2000 \         # if root, uwsgi can drop privileges
    --harakiri=20 \                 # respawn processes taking more than 20 seconds
    --max-requests=5000 \           # respawn processes after serving 5000 requests
    --vacuum \                      # clear environment on exit
    --home=/path/to/virtual/env \   # optional path to a virtualenv
    --daemonize=/var/log/uwsgi/yourproject.log      # background the process　　

实际上到这里就算部署成功了，不过现实中一般使用nginx和uWSGI配合使用，使用nginx处理/static/以及/media/的请求，其他的交给uWSGI处理。

（下面基本是翻译，而且还没有翻译完

1. 安装nginx并配置nginx

sudo apt-get install nginx
sudo /etc/init.d/nginx start    # start nginx

配置文件（需要去看一下nginx简单配置）

# mysite_nginx.conf

# the upstream component nginx needs to connect to
upstream django {
    # server unix:///path/to/your/mysite/mysite.sock; # for a file socket
    server 127.0.0.1:8001; # for a web port socket (we‘ll use this first)
}

# configuration of the server
server {
    # the port your site will be served on
    listen      8000;
    # the domain name it will serve for
    server_name .example.com; # substitute your machine‘s IP address or FQDN
    charset     utf-8;

    # max upload size
    client_max_body_size 75M;   # adjust to taste

    # Django media
    location /media  {
        alias /path/to/your/mysite/media;  # your Django project‘s media files - amend as required
    }

    location /static {
        alias /path/to/your/mysite/static; # your Django project‘s static files - amend as required
    }

    # Finally, send all non-media requests to the Django server.
    location / {
        uwsgi_pass  django;
        include     /path/to/your/mysite/uwsgi_params; # the uwsgi_params file you installed
    }
}

做个链接使得nginx可以访问到配置文件

sudo ln -s ~/path/to/your/mysite/mysite_nginx.conf /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/

2. 部署静态文件

python manage.py collectstatic

STATIC_ROOT一定要设置好了

3. 重启nginx（第一次部署需要重启，以后进行了第二步之后只需要重启uWSGI就可以了）

sudo /etc/init.d/nginx restart

4. 启动

uwsgi --socket :8001 --wsgi-file test.py

5. 添加uWSGI配置文件

# mysite_uwsgi.ini file
[uwsgi]

# Django-related settings
# the base directory (full path)
chdir           = /path/to/your/project
# Django‘s wsgi file
module          = project.wsgi
# the virtualenv (full path)
home            = /path/to/virtualenv

# process-related settings
# master
master          = true
# maximum number of worker processes
processes       = 10
# the socket (use the full path to be safe
socket          = /path/to/your/project/mysite.sock
# ... with appropriate permissions - may be needed
# chmod-socket    = 664
# clear environment on exit
vacuum          = true

按照配置文件启动

uwsgi --ini mysite_uwsgi.ini # the --ini option is used to specify a file

6. 使用两者共同拉起项目

uwsgi --socket mysite.sock --module mysite.wsgi --chmod-socket=664

If that doesn’t work

Check your nginx error log(/var/log/nginx/error.log). If you see something like:

connect() to unix:///path/to/your/mysite/mysite.sock failed (13: Permission
denied)

then probably you need to manage the permissions on the socket so that nginx is allowed to use it.

Try:

uwsgi --socket mysite.sock --wsgi-file test.py --chmod-socket=666 # (very permissive)

or:

uwsgi --socket mysite.sock --wsgi-file test.py --chmod-socket=664 # (more sensible)

You may also have to add your user to nginx’s group (which is probably www-data), or vice-versa, so that nginx can read and write to your socket properly.

It’s worth keeping the output of the nginx log running in a terminal window so you can easily refer to it while troubleshooting.

参考：

http://baike.baidu.com/link?url=ClozvG5bxABaSkxztwURPZAOrySGwwBNMJEiPVOWfv7dPvJwEw_ZYPK3mUn0miC5_YNnHFG27tKvv6B3wktL1K

https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.9/howto/deployment/wsgi/uwsgi/

http://uwsgi-docs.readthedocs.io/en/latest/tutorials/Django_and_nginx.html