ORACLE11g R2【单实例 FS→单实例FS】
本演示案例所用环境：
|
|
primary |
standby |
|
OS Hostname |
pry |
std |
|
OS Version |
RHEL6.5 |
RHEL6.5 |
|
DB Version |
11.2.0.4 |
11.2.0.4 |
|
db_name |
stephen |
stephen |
|
db_unique_name |
stephen |
standby |
|
service_names |
stephen |
standby |
|
instance_name |
stephen |
standby |
Primary database configure
1.启用primary force logging
SQL> select force_logging from v$database;
SQL> alter database force logging;
2.配置redo传输认证
(1) tnsnames.ora
STEPHEN =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = pry)(PORT = 1521))
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = stephen)
)
)
STANDBY =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = std)(PORT = 1521))
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = standby)
)
)
(2) tnsping命令解析网络服务名,命令须返回OK.
此时，standby端未配置监听，无法解析，可以standby配置后再测试。
$ tnsping standby
(2) 密码文件
若无密码文件，则创建密码文件。格式：orapw<ORACLE_SID>
cd $ORACLE_HOME/dbs
orapwd file=orapwstephen password=oracle ignorecase=y force=y
3.添加standby logfiles
添加standby logfile 的要求：
(1) 确保主和备数据库上的日志文件大小是相同的
(2) 确定备库重做日志文件组的适当数目
Standby logfile数 = （每个线程的logfile数＋1）* 线程数
(3) 检查create database时指定的MAXLOGFILES和MAXLOGMEMBERS参数，可以通过trace controlfile出来查看
(4) RAC环境创建standby logfile,指定thread#创建
每个thread的standby logfile数 = 每个thread的logfile数 + 1
检查当前环境的logfile：
set lines 200 pages 300
col member for a60
select a.thread#,a.group#,b.member,b.type,a.bytes/1024/1024 MB from v$log a,v$logfile b where a.group#=b.group#
union all
select a.thread#,a.group#,b.member,b.type,a.bytes/1024/1024 MB from v$standby_log a,v$logfile b where a.group#=b.group#;
根据查询的logfile 信息上文添加standby logfile的要求，添加合理的standby logfile,然后用上面的sql再次查看当前环境的logfile：
SQL> alter database add standby logfile
group 4 ‘/oradata/stephen/redo04.log‘ size 50M,
group 5 ‘/oradata/stephen/redo05.log‘ size 50M,
group 6 ‘/oradata/stephen/redo06.log‘ size 50M,
group 7 ‘/oradata/stephen/redo07.log‘ size 50M;
4.修改primary参数文件
备份spfile：
create pfile=‘/tmp/pfile.bak‘ from spfile;
修改以下参数，其中stephen,standby分别为primary,standby的db_unqiue_name/TNS-Alias,详见参数详解部分：
alter system set log_archive_config=‘dg_config=(stephen,standby)‘;
alter system set log_archive_dest_1=‘location=/oradata/arch valid_for=(all_logfiles,all_roles) db_unique_name=stephen‘;
alter system set log_archive_dest_2=‘service=standby lgwr async valid_for=(online_logfiles,primary_role) db_unique_name=standby‘;
alter system set log_archive_max_processes=30; #根据需求调整个数
确认以下参数默认值，如不为以下参数值，则修改：
alter system set remote_login_passwordfile=exclusive scope=spfile;
# remote_login_passwordfile=exclusive/shared
alter system set log_archive_dest_state_1=enable;
alter system set log_archive_dest_state_2=enable;
log_archive_format参数控制归档文件名称格式，默认值以.dbf结尾，为了与datafile区分，建议修改为.arc结尾：
alter system set log_archive_format=‘%t_%s_%r.arc‘ scope=spfile;
当primary切换为standby角色后，需要增加修改以下参数，建议配置：
alter system set fal_server=standby;
alter system set standby_file_management=auto;
# primary和standby的datafile和logfile存储路径不一样时，设定以下参数：
alter system set db_file_name_convert=‘/oradata/standby‘,‘/oradata/stephen‘ scope=spfile;
alter system set log_file_name_convert=‘/oradata/standby‘,‘/oradata/stephen‘ scope=spfile;
注：以上参数，指定spfile修改的，在实例重启后生效。
5.打开归档模式
首先确认当前数据库是否是归档模式，如果不是，则打开归档模式。
archive log list;
shutdown immediate;
startup mount;
alter database archivelog;
archive log list;
alter database open;
6.备份primary database
可以使用之前的备份，但需要确保备份以来的归档没有丢失。
rman target / <<EOF
run{allocate channel c1 type disk;
allocate channel c2 type disk;
backup full database format ‘/backup/full_%U.bak‘ plus archivelog;
sql ‘alter system switch logfile‘;
backup current controlfile for standby format ‘/backup/c_%U.bak‘;
release channel c1;
release channel c2;
}
EOF
Standby database configure
1.配置环境变量
export ORACLE_BASE=/oracle/app/oracle
export ORACLE_HOME=/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1
export ORACLE_SID=standby
export NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.ZHS16GBK
export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib #不同平台变量名不一样
2.配置redo传输认证
(1) listener.ora
配置静态监听：
LISTENER =
(ADDRESS_LIST=
(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=std)(PORT=1521))
)
SID_LIST_LISTENER=
(SID_LIST=
(SID_DESC=
(GLOBAL_DBNAME=standby)
(SID_NAME=standby)
(ORACLE_HOME=/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1)
)
)
启用监听：
lsnrctl start
lsnrctl status
(2) tnsnames.ora
STEPHEN =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = pry)(PORT = 1521))
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = stephen)
)
)
STANDBY =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = std)(PORT = 1521))
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = standby)
)
)
(3) tnsping命令解析网络服务名,命令须返回OK.
此时，standby端未配置监听，无法解析，可以standby配置后再测试。
$ tnsping stephen
(4) 密码文件
使用主库的密码文件：
scp pry:$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/orapwstephen $ORACLE_HOME/dbs/orapwstandby
3.创建相关目录
mkdir -p $ORACLE_BASE/admin/standby/{adump,dpdump,pfile}
mkdir -p /oradata/{standby,arch}
4.参数文件
用primary的pfile加以修改，以保证某些参数与primary保持一致，注意主备库内存的大小适当的调整内存相关参数。
scp pry:/tmp/pfile.bak $ORACLE_HOME/dbs/initstandby.ora
修改pfile为需要的standby pfile,并创建spfile.特别注意以下事例的参数设定：
*.audit_file_dest=‘/oracle/app/oracle/admin/standby/adump‘
*.audit_trail=‘db‘
*.control_files=‘/oradata/standby/control01.ctl‘
*.db_name=‘stephen‘
*.db_unique_name=‘standby‘
*.instance_name=‘standby‘
*.service_names=‘standby‘
*.remote_login_passwordfile=‘EXCLUSIVE‘
*.undo_tablespace=‘UNDOTBS1‘
*.log_archive_format=‘%t_%s_%r.arc‘
*.log_archive_config=‘dg_config=(standby,stephen)‘
*.log_archive_dest_1=‘location=/oradata/arch valid_for=(all_logfiles,all_roles) db_unique_name=standby‘
*.log_archive_dest_2=‘service=stephen lgwr async valid_for=(online_logfiles,primary_role) db_unique_name=stephen‘
*.log_archive_dest_state_1=‘enable‘
*.log_archive_dest_state_1=‘enable‘
*.log_archive_max_processes=30 #根据需求调整个数
*.fal_server=‘stephen‘
*.standby_file_management=auto
*.remote_login_passwordfile=‘EXCLUSIVE‘
#主、备库日志文件和数据文件存放路径不一致，设定以下参数：
*.db_file_name_convert=‘/oradata/stephen‘,‘/oradata/standby‘
*.log_file_name_convert=‘/oradata/stephen‘,‘/oradata/standby‘
创建spfile：
create spfile from pfile;
5.恢复standby controlfile
SQL> startup nomount;
RMAN> restore standby controlfile from ‘/backup/c_05qlbira_1_1.bak‘;
6.恢复数据文件
启动数据库到mount阶段，恢复数据文件。
(1)standby 与primary数据文件存放路径一致:
RMAN> sql ‘alter database mount standby database‘;
run
{allocate channel c1 type disk;
allocate channel c2 type disk;
resotore database;
recover database;
release channel c1;
release channel c2;
}
(2) standby 与primary数据文件存放路径不一致：
查询primary database的数据文件信息：
set lines 300 pages 300
col name for a60
col member for a60
select file#,name from v$datafile
union all
select file#,name from v$tempfile;
启动standby到mount阶段，恢复数据文件：
RMAN> sql ‘alter database mount standby database‘;
run
{set newname for datafile 1 to ‘/oradata/standby/system01.dbf‘;
set newname for datafile 2 to ‘/oradata/standby/sysaux01.dbf‘;
set newname for datafile 3 to ‘/oradata/standby/undotbs1.dbf‘;
set newname for datafile 4 to ‘/oradata/standby/user01.dbf‘;
set newname for tempfile 1 to ‘/oradata/standby/temp01.dbf‘;
restore database;
switch datafile all;
switch tempfile all;
recover database;
}
查看standby database log file:
set lines 200 pages 300
col member for a60
select a.thread#,a.group#,b.member,b.type,a.bytes/1024/1024 MB
from v$log a,v$logfile b where a.group#=b.group#
union all
select a.thread#,a.group#,b.member,b.type,a.bytes/1024/1024 MB
from v$standby_log a,v$logfile b where a.group#=b.group#;
7.应用日志
应用archive log：
recover managed standby database disconnect;
应用redo logfile：
recover managed standby database using current logfile disconnect;
取消应用日志：
recover managed standby database cancel;
11g Physical standby database可打开至read only模式，也就是常说的Active Dataguard.可迁移查询的业务至Active DG上，减小primary DB的压力。
打开数据库至read only模式并开始实时复制：
alter database open read only;
recover managed standby database using current logfile disconnect;
8.观察日志传输
跟踪primary,standby database的alert log,观察是否有错误发生，也可以看到应用日志的相关信息。
确认standby是否应用日志：
--primary端多切几次日志，观察alert log信息。
alter system switch logfile;
alter system switch logfile;
--观察主备库日志序列号
archive log list;
--primary端查询v$archived_log视图，确认日志是否被应用：
set lines 300 pages 300
col name for a20
select name,dest_id,thread#,sequence#,standby_dest,applied,registrar,completion_time from v$archived_log
where standby_dest=‘YES‘
order by thread#,sequence#;
--primary端查询primary,standby的最大日志序列号是否一致：
select ‘Primary :‘ "DB Role",thread#,max(sequence#)
from v$archived_log
where standby_dest=‘NO‘
group by thread#
union
select ‘Standby :‘ "DB Role",thread#,max(sequence#)
from v$archived_log
where standby_dest=‘YES‘ and applied=‘YES‘
group by thread#
order by thread#;