一、事务
我们在大家学到这,或多或少对事务都有一些理解了。今天的我也对事务有了更深一层的理解对我来说,我想与大家一起分享一下。
解析: 1.ADO.NET提供了事务处理功能
2.C#中开启事务
3.在咱们的SQL后台就不用开启事务了
4.eg.我要在FrmSW的窗体上添加年级,我们首先在数据库中在年级表中对其GradeName设置唯一约束,如果GradeName重复则事务会将其回滚,如GradeName不重复就会输出。
string str = "data source=.;initial catalog=MySchool;uid=sa;pwd=1"; SqlConnection con = new SqlConnection(str); string sql = "insert into grade values(@gname)"; SqlParameter para = new SqlParameter("@gname", txtName.Text); SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand(sql, con); //1.0 必须在连接打开之后,用连接对象con.beginTransaction SqlTransaction tran = con.BeginTransaction(); cmd.Parameters.Add(para); con.Open(); //1.1 将通过con构建出的事务对象和 cmd的Transaction属性绑定 cmd.Transaction = tran; //初始值要给 int count = 0; try { count = cmd.ExecuteNonQuery(); //1.3 提交事务 tran.Commit(); } catch (Exception ex) { //1.4回滚事务 tran.Rollback(); MessageBox.Show(ex.Message); } if (count > 0) { MessageBox.Show("添加成功!"); } con.Close();
知识------------------》在我们断点时想看看它重复是否会回滚我们在数据库中写如下代码:
select * from Grade with(nolock)
二、Msgdiv组件的讲解。
1.Msgdiv类如下
using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Text; using System.Windows.Forms; /// <summary> /// 消息条回调函数委托 /// </summary> public delegate void DGMsgDiv(); /// <summary> /// 消息条类 带Timer计时 /// </summary> public class MsgDiv : System.Windows.Forms.Label { private Timer timerLable = new Timer(); /// <summary> /// 消息回调 委托对象 /// </summary> private DGMsgDiv dgCallBack = null; #region 计时器 /// <summary> /// 计时器 /// </summary> public Timer TimerMsg { get { return timerLable; } set { timerLable = value; } } #endregion #region MsgDiv构造函数 /// <summary> /// MsgDiv构造函数 /// </summary> public MsgDiv() { InitallMsgDiv(7, 7); } /// <summary> /// MsgDiv构造函数 /// </summary> /// <param name="x">定位x轴坐标</param> /// <param name="y">定位y轴坐标</param> public MsgDiv(int x, int y) { InitallMsgDiv(x, y); } #endregion #region 初始化消息条 /// <summary> /// 初始化消息条 /// </summary> private void InitallMsgDiv(int x, int y) { this.AutoSize = true; this.BackColor = System.Drawing.Color.FromArgb(((int)(((byte)(255)))), ((int)(((byte)(255)))), ((int)(((byte)(192))))); this.BorderStyle = System.Windows.Forms.BorderStyle.FixedSingle; //this.ContextMenuStrip = this.cmsList; this.Font = new System.Drawing.Font("宋体", 11F, System.Drawing.FontStyle.Bold, System.Drawing.GraphicsUnit.Point, ((byte)(134))); this.ForeColor = System.Drawing.Color.Red; this.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(x, y); this.MaximumSize = new System.Drawing.Size(980, 525); this.Name = "msgDIV"; this.Padding = new System.Windows.Forms.Padding(7); this.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(71, 31); this.TabIndex = 1; this.Text = "消息条"; this.Visible = false; //给委托添加事件 this.DoubleClick += new System.EventHandler(this.msgDIV_DoubleClick); this.MouseLeave += new System.EventHandler(this.msgDIV_MouseLeave); this.MouseHover += new System.EventHandler(this.msgDIV_MouseHover); this.timerLable.Interval = 1000; this.timerLable.Tick += new System.EventHandler(this.timerLable_Tick); } #endregion #region 将消息条添加到指定容器上 /// <summary> /// 将消息条添加到指定容器上Form /// </summary> /// <param name="form"></param> public void AddToControl(Form form) { form.Controls.Add(this); } /// <summary> /// 将消息条添加到指定容器上GroupBox /// </summary> /// <param name="form"></param> public void AddToControl(GroupBox groupBox) { groupBox.Controls.Add(this); } /// <summary> /// 将消息条添加到指定容器上Panel /// </summary> /// <param name="form"></param> public void AddToControl(Panel panel) { panel.Controls.Add(this); } #endregion //--------------------------------------------------------------------------- #region 消息显示 的相关参数们 hiddenClick,countNumber,constCountNumber /// <summary> /// 当前显示了多久的秒钟数 /// </summary> int hiddenClick = 0; /// <summary> /// 要显示多久的秒钟数 可变参数 /// </summary> int countNumber = 3; /// <summary> /// 要显示多久的秒钟数 固定参数 /// </summary> int constCountNumber = 3; #endregion #region 计时器 显示countNumber秒钟后自动隐藏div -timerLable_Tick(object sender, EventArgs e) private void timerLable_Tick(object sender, EventArgs e) { if (hiddenClick > countNumber - 2) { MsgDivHidden(); } else { hiddenClick++; //RemainCount(); } } #endregion #region 隐藏消息框 并停止计时 +void MsgDivHidden() /// <summary> /// 隐藏消息框 并停止计时 /// </summary> public void MsgDivHidden() { this.Text = ""; this.Visible = false; this.hiddenClick = 0; //this.tslblRemainSecond.Text = ""; if (this.timerLable.Enabled == true) this.timerLable.Stop(); //调用 委托 然后清空委托 if (dgCallBack != null && dgCallBack.GetInvocationList().Length > 0) { dgCallBack(); dgCallBack -= dgCallBack; } } #endregion #region 在消息框中显示消息字符串 +void MsgDivShow(string msg) /// <summary> /// 在消息框中显示消息字符串 /// </summary> /// <param name="msg">要显示的字符串</param> public void MsgDivShow(string msg) { this.Text = msg; this.Visible = true; this.countNumber = constCountNumber;//默认设置显示秒数为10; this.hiddenClick = 0;//重置倒数描述 this.timerLable.Start(); } #endregion #region 在消息框中显示消息字符串 并在消息消失时 调用回调函数 +void MsgDivShow(string msg, DGMsgDiv callback) /// <summary> /// 在消息框中显示消息字符串 并在消息消失时 调用回调函数 /// </summary> /// <param name="msg">要显示的字符串</param> /// <param name="callback">回调函数</param> public void MsgDivShow(string msg, DGMsgDiv callback) { MsgDivShow(msg); dgCallBack = callback; } #endregion #region 在消息框中显示消息字符串 并在指定时间消息消失时 调用回调函数 +void MsgDivShow(string msg, int seconds, DGMsgDiv callback) /// <summary> /// 在消息框中显示消息字符串 并在消息消失时 调用回调函数 /// </summary> /// <param name="msg">要显示的字符串</param> /// <param name="seconds">消息显示时间</param> /// <param name="callback">回调函数</param> public void MsgDivShow(string msg, int seconds, DGMsgDiv callback) { MsgDivShow(msg, seconds); dgCallBack = callback; } #endregion #region 在消息框中显示消息字符串,并指定消息框显示秒数 +void MsgDivShow(string msg, int seconds) /// <summary> /// 在消息框中显示消息字符串,并指定消息框显示秒数 /// </summary> /// <param name="msg">要显示的字符串</param> /// <param name="seconds">消息框显示秒数</param> public void MsgDivShow(string msg, int seconds) { this.Text = msg; this.Visible = true; this.countNumber = seconds; this.hiddenClick = 0;//重置倒数描述 this.timerLable.Start(); } #endregion //--------------------------------------------------------------------------- #region 事件们~~~! msgDIV_MouseHover,msgDIV_MouseLeave,msgDIV_DoubleClick //当鼠标停留在div上时 停止计时 private void msgDIV_MouseHover(object sender, EventArgs e) { if (this.timerLable.Enabled == true) this.timerLable.Stop(); } //当鼠标从div上移开时 继续及时 private void msgDIV_MouseLeave(object sender, EventArgs e) { //当消息框正在显示、回复框没显示、计时器正停止的时候,重新启动计时器 if (this.Visible == true && this.timerLable.Enabled == false) this.timerLable.Start(); } //双击消息框时关闭消息框 private void msgDIV_DoubleClick(object sender, EventArgs e) { MsgDivHidden(); } #endregion }
2. 我们要将其类型放在应用窗体下,为了方便大家以后找,我们应将其新建一个文件夹把这个类放进去。
3.我们在工具类中会发现有这个控件——————————》就是你的类所生成的控件
4.我们将其窗体添加Label控件将其修改为“呵呵”,但是它的样子死板不够漂亮所以我们刚生成的控件就很绚丽我们还可以根据秒数进行更换。
private void Form1_Load(object sender, EventArgs e) { msgDiv1.MsgDivShow("嘿嘿", 3, Test); //MyTool tool = new MyTool(); //List<Grade> list = tool.DataTableToList<Grade>(dt); } public void Test() { MessageBox.Show("Test"); }
这就结束了这个控件,有没有非常的神奇********
三、DataTableToList的使用
1.将MyTool这个类放在MySchool.DAL层
using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Data; using System.Data.SqlClient; using System.Linq; using System.Reflection; using System.Text; using System.Threading.Tasks; namespace MySchool.DAL { public class MyTool { /// <summary> /// DataSetToList /// </summary> /// <typeparam name="T">转换类型</typeparam> /// <param name="dataSet">数据源</param> /// <param name="tableIndex">需要转换表的索引</param> /// <returns></returns> public IList<T> DataTableToList<T>(DataTable dt) { //确认参数有效 if (dt == null ) return null; List<T> list = new List<T>(); for (int i = 0; i < dt.Rows.Count; i++) { //创建泛型对象 T _t = Activator.CreateInstance<T>(); //获取对象所有属性 PropertyInfo[] propertyInfo = _t.GetType().GetProperties(); for (int j = 0; j < dt.Columns.Count; j++) { foreach (PropertyInfo info in propertyInfo) { //属性名称和列名相同时赋值 if (dt.Columns[j].ColumnName.ToUpper().Equals(info.Name.ToUpper())) { if (dt.Rows[i][j] != DBNull.Value) { info.SetValue(_t, dt.Rows[i][j], null); } else { info.SetValue(_t, null, null); } break; } } } list.Add(_t); } return list; } } }
在MySchool.DAL层————————》这个类代替Foreach
public List<Grade> LoadAllGradeToList() { // List<Grade> list = new List<Grade>(); string sql = "select * from grade"; DataTable dt = SQLHelper.ExecuteDataTable(sql); //代替Foreach MyTool tool=new MyTool(); List<Grade> list=tool.DataTableToList<Grade>(dt); //将dt转成List<Student> //foreach (DataRow row in dt.Rows) //{ // //每一个row代表表中的一行 所以 一行对应一个年级对象 // Grade grade = new Grade(); // grade.GradeId = Convert.ToInt32(row["gradeid"]); // grade.GradeName = row["gradename"].ToString(); // list.Add(grade); //} return list; }
四、多表数据绑定到同一个DataGridVIew
问题:既显示学生姓名 科目姓名 成绩
解析: 在实体类里创建新的实体类studentExtends:Student科目名称、成绩
在DAL层创建一个名称为StudentDal的类,在此类中定义一个方法LoadStudentInfo()返回值类型List<StudentExtends>
在BLL层调用dal的方法
在UI层后获取到BLL返回的泛型集合
将泛型作为DGV的数据源
public class StudentExtends:Student { //一个是科目名称 public string SubjectName { get; set; } //考试时间 public DateTime ExamDate { get; set; } //成绩 public int StudentResult { get; set; } }
public List<StudentExtends> LoadStudentInfo() { List<StudentExtends> list=new List<StudentExtends>(); string sql = @"select studentname,subjectname,studentresult,examdate from student,subject,result where student.studentno=result.studentno and result.subjectid=subject.subjectid"; DataTable dt=SQLHelper.ExecuteDataTable(sql); foreach (DataRow item in dt.Rows) { //一个item就是表中的一条记录(学生名称,科目名称 ,成绩和时间) //一个游离的 学生对象 StudentExtends stu=new StudentExtends(); stu.StudentName = item["studentname"].ToString(); stu.SubjectName = item["subjectname"].ToString(); stu.StudentResult = Convert.ToInt32(item["studentresult"]); stu.ExamDate = Convert.ToDateTime(item["examdate"]); list.Add(stu); } return list; }
public List<StudentExtends> LoadStudentInfo() { return dal.LoadStudentInfo(); }
private void FrmSelectResult_Load(object sender, EventArgs e) { List<StudentExtends> list= bll.LoadStudentInfo(); dgvResult.DataSource = list; }