一、linux和windows互传文件
1.安装支持包：lrzsz
yum -y install lrzsz
putty工具 不支持lrzsz
2.rz windows文件fail2ban-0.8.14.tar.gz 到linux 当前目录
3.sz baidu.png 传输文件从linux 到 windows
二、 用户配置文件和密码配置文件
1.用户配置文件
ls /etc/passwd
[[email protected]_46_188_centos ~]# cat /etc/passwdroot:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bashbin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologindaemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologinadm:x:3:4:adm:/var/adm:/sbin/nologinlp:x:4:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/sbin/nologinsync:x:5:0:sync:/sbin:/bin/syncshutdown:x:6:0:shutdown:/sbin:/sbin/shutdownhalt:x:7:0:halt:/sbin:/sbin/haltmail:x:8:12:mail:/var/spool/mail:/sbin/nologinoperator:x:11:0:operator:/root:/sbin/nologingames:x:12:100:games:/usr/games:/sbin/nologinftp:x:14:50:FTP User:/var/ftp:/sbin/nologinnobody:x:99:99:Nobody:/:/sbin/nologinavahi-autoipd:x:170:170:Avahi IPv4LL Stack:/var/lib/avahi-autoipd:/sbin/nologinsystemd-bus-proxy:x:999:997:systemd Bus Proxy:/:/sbin/nologinsystemd-network:x:998:996:systemd Network Management:/:/sbin/nologindbus:x:81:81:System message bus:/:/sbin/nologinpolkitd:x:997:995:User for polkitd:/:/sbin/nologinabrt:x:173:173::/etc/abrt:/sbin/nologinlibstoragemgmt:x:996:994:daemon account for libstoragemgmt:/var/run/lsm:/sbin/nologintss:x:59:59:Account used by the trousers package to sandbox the tcsd daemon:/dev/null:/sbin/nologinntp:x:38:38::/etc/ntp:/sbin/nologinpostfix:x:89:89::/var/spool/postfix:/sbin/nologinchrony:x:995:993::/var/lib/chrony:/sbin/nologinsshd:x:74:74:Privilege-separated SSH:/var/empty/sshd:/sbin/nologintcpdump:x:72:72::/:/sbin/nologinapache:x:48:48:Apache:/usr/share/httpd:/sbin/nologinmysql:x:27:27:MariaDB Server:/var/lib/mysql:/sbin/nologinfxq:x:1000:1000::/home/fxq:/bin/bashnginx:x:994:992:Nginx web server:/var/lib/nginx:/sbin/nologinsaslauth:x:993:76:Saslauthd user:/run/saslauthd:/sbin/nologinmailnull:x:47:47::/var/spool/mqueue:/sbin/nologinsmmsp:x:51:51::/var/spool/mqueue:/sbin/nologintest:x:1012:1012::/home/test:/sbin/nologinzabbix:x:1013:1014::/home/zabbix:/sbin/nologinfxq1:x:1014:1015::/home/fxq1:/bin/bash[[email protected]_46_188_centos ~]#
- 第一段：用户名
- 第二段：密码
- 第三段：用户UID
- 第四段：用户组ID
- 第五段：注释
- 第六段：用户家目录
- 第七段：用户的登录交互的shell /bin/bash(可登录) /bin/noglogin(不可登录)
2.密码配置文件
ls /etc/shadow
[[email protected]_46_188_centos ~]# cat /etc/shadowroot:$1$QoTjnbBe$o3Xvx5L0KNpvmXMivsFnf.::0:99999:7::: bin:*:16659:0:99999:7::: daemon:*:16659:0:99999:7::: adm:*:16659:0:99999:7::: lp:*:16659:0:99999:7::: sync:*:16659:0:99999:7::: shutdown:*:16659:0:99999:7::: halt:*:16659:0:99999:7::: mail:*:16659:0:99999:7:::operator:*:16659:0:99999:7::: games:*:16659:0:99999:7::: ftp:*:16659:0:99999:7::: nobody:*:16659:0:99999:7::: avahi-autoipd:!!:16912:::::: systemd-bus-proxy:!!:16912:::::: systemd-network:!!:16912:::::: dbus:!!:16912:::::: polkitd:!!:16912:::::: abrt:!!:16912:::::: libstoragemgmt:!!:16912:::::: tss:!!:16912:::::: ntp:!!:16912:::::: postfix:!!:16912:::::: chrony:!!:16912:::::: sshd:!!:16912:::::: tcpdump:!!:16912:::::: apache:!!:17296:::::: mysql:!!:17319:::::: fxq:$1$yMvFHPLx$IXmVlg4chjsxR6FFXtUGS1:17322:0:99999:7::: nginx:!!:17323:::::: saslauth:!!:17344:::::: mailnull:!!:17344:::::: smmsp:!!:17344:::::: test:$1$Lv1G6wIl$gprgn2dB1dFtliHgC9fbW.:17365:0:99999:7::: zabbix:!!:17373:0:99999:7::: fxq1:$1$b5O76dKM$SOugJJIU7pX5AvBewRz/O/:17386:0:99999:7::: [[email protected]_46_188_centos ~]#
文件中：如果用户的密码一样，出现的乱码位也是不一样的。
The meanings of each field are: 第一段: sp_namp - pointer to null-terminated user name(用户名) 第二段: sp_pwdp - pointer to null-terminated password 第三段: sp_lstchg - days since Jan 1, 1970 password was last changed 第四段: sp_min - days before which password may not be changed(到期) 第五段 sp_max - days after which password must be changed 第六段 sp_warn - days before password is to expire that user is warned of pending password expiration 第七段 sp_inact - days after password expires that account is considered inactive and disabled 第八段 sp_expire - days since Jan 1, 1970 when account will be disabled(在此日期前可以用) 第九段 sp_flag - reserved for future use
- 1.用户名
- 2.密码
- 3.上次更改密码的时间， 从1970年1月1日开始到上次更改密码过了多少天
- 4.要过多少天后才能更改密码 0代表不限制
- 5.密码过多少天后密码过期 ，默认99999天
- 6.密码到期前多少天发警告。
- 7.账号到期后多少天失效 ，失效期限
- 8.账号生命周期，可以用多久。
- 9.保留。
三、 用户组管理
1.组配置文件
ls /etc/group
[[email protected]_46_188_centos ~]# cat /etc/grouproot:x:0:testbin:x:1:daemon:x:2:sys:x:3:adm:x:4:tty:x:5:disk:x:6:lp:x:7:mem:x:8:kmem:x:9:wheel:x:10:cdrom:x:11:mail:x:12:postfixman:x:15:dialout:x:18:floppy:x:19:games:x:20:tape:x:30:video:x:39:ftp:x:50:lock:x:54:audio:x:63:nobody:x:99:users:x:100:avahi-autoipd:x:170:utmp:x:22:utempter:x:35:ssh_keys:x:999:input:x:998:systemd-journal:x:190:systemd-bus-proxy:x:997:systemd-network:x:996:dbus:x:81:polkitd:x:995:abrt:x:173:libstoragemgmt:x:994:tss:x:59:ntp:x:38:dip:x:40:slocate:x:21:postdrop:x:90:postfix:x:89:chrony:x:993:sshd:x:74:tcpdump:x:72:stapusr:x:156:stapsys:x:157:stapdev:x:158:apache:x:48:mysql:x:27:fxq:x:1000:nginx:x:992:saslauth:x:76:mailnull:x:47:smmsp:x:51:user1:x:1012:test:x:1013:wireshark:x:991:screen:x:84:zabbix:x:1014:zabbixfxq1:x:1015:[[email protected]_46_188_centos ~]#
[[email protected]_46_188_centos ~]# ls /etc/group*
/etc/group /etc/group-
[[email protected]_46_188_centos ~]#
group-文件是备份
2.用户组密码配置文件
[[email protected]_46_188_centos ~]# cat /etc/gshadow gshadow gshadow- [[email protected]_46_188_centos ~]# cat /etc/gshadowroot:::test bin::: daemon::: sys::: adm::: tty::: disk::: lp::: mem::: kmem::: wheel::: cdrom::: mail:::postfix man::: dialout::: floppy::: games::: tape::: video::: ftp::: lock::: audio::: nobody::: users::: avahi-autoipd:!::utmp:!::utempter:!::ssh_keys:!::input:!::systemd-journal:!::systemd-bus-proxy:!::systemd-network:!::dbus:!::polkitd:!::abrt:!::libstoragemgmt:!::tss:!::ntp:!::dip:!::slocate:!::postdrop:!::postfix:!::chrony:!::sshd:!::tcpdump:!::stapusr:!::stapsys:!::stapdev:!::apache:!::mysql:!::fxq:!::nginx:!::saslauth:!::mailnull:!::smmsp:!::user1:!::test:!::wireshark:!::screen:!::zabbix:!::zabbix fxq1:!::[[email protected]_46_188_centos ~]#
3.创建组grp1：
groupadd grp1
[[email protected]_46_188_centos ~]# groupadd grp1[[email protected]_46_188_centos ~]# tail -n1 /etc/groupgrp1:x:1016: [[email protected]_46_188_centos ~]#
4.创建组grp2指定组ID为990：
groupadd -g 990 grp2
[[email protected]_46_188_centos ~]# groupadd -g 990 grp2[[email protected]_46_188_centos ~]# tail -n1 /etc/groupgrp2:x:990: [[email protected]_46_188_centos ~]#
5.删除组grp2：
groupdel grp2
[[email protected]_46_188_centos ~]# groupdel grp2[[email protected]_46_188_centos ~]# tail -n3 /etc/groupzabbix:x:1014:zabbixfxq1:x:1015:grp1:x:1016:[[email protected]_46_188_centos ~]#
删除组时，组内没有用户时才可以被删除.
四、 用户管理
1.添加用户
useradd user1
(adduser 也可以用)
[[email protected]_46_188_centos ~]# useradd user2[[email protected]_46_188_centos ~]# useradd user3[[email protected]_46_188_centos ~]# tail -3 /etc/passwdfxq1:x:1014:1015::/home/fxq1:/bin/bashuser2:x:1015:1017::/home/user2:/bin/bashuser3:x:1016:1018::/home/user3:/bin/bash[[email protected]_46_188_centos ~]#
2.添加并设定用户user4
(用户ID:1020,组：grp1,家目录：/home/user-444,登录shell:/sbin/nologin)
[[email protected]_46_188_centos ~]# useradd -u 1020 -g grp1 -d /home/user-444 -s /sbin/nologin user4 [[email protected]_46_188_centos ~]# tail -4 /etc/groupfxq1:x:1015:grp1:x:1016:user2:x:1017:user3:x:1018:[[email protected]_46_188_centos ~]# tail -4 /etc/passwdfxq1:x:1014:1015::/home/fxq1:/bin/bashuser2:x:1015:1017::/home/user2:/bin/bashuser3:x:1016:1018::/home/user3:/bin/bashuser4:x:1020:1016::/home/user-444:/sbin/nologin[[email protected]_46_188_centos ~]#
3.不创建用户家目录：
useradd -M user5
[[email protected]_46_188_centos ~]# ls /home/fxq user-444 user02 user04 user06 user08 user2 fxq1 user01 user03 user05 user07 user09 user3 [[email protected]_46_188_centos ~]#
用户自定义用户ID后，用户ID和组ID都是变为一样，一起自增。user5 ID都为1021
[[email protected]_46_188_centos ~]# useradd -M user5 [[email protected]_46_188_centos ~]# ls /home/fxq user-444 user02 user04 user06 user08 user2 fxq1 user01 user03 user05 user07 user09 user3 [[email protected]_46_188_centos ~]# tail -3 /etc/passwduser3:x:1016:1018::/home/user3:/bin/bashuser4:x:1020:1016::/home/user-444:/sbin/nologinuser5:x:1021:1021::/home/user5:/bin/bash[[email protected]_46_188_centos ~]# useradd user6[[email protected]_46_188_centos ~]# tail -5 /etc/passwduser2:x:1015:1017::/home/user2:/bin/bashuser3:x:1016:1018::/home/user3:/bin/bashuser4:x:1020:1016::/home/user-444:/sbin/nologinuser5:x:1021:1021::/home/user5:/bin/bashuser6:x:1022:1022::/home/user6:/bin/bash[[email protected]_46_188_centos ~]#
4.删除用户：
userdel user6 删除用户user6
[[email protected]_46_188_centos ~]# userdel user6[[email protected]_46_188_centos ~]# ls /home fxq user-444 user02 user04 user06 user08 user2 user6 fxq1 user01 user03 user05 user07 user09 user3 [[email protected]_46_188_centos ~]# tail -2 /etc/passwduser4:x:1020:1016::/home/user-444:/sbin/nologinuser5:x:1021:1021::/home/user5:/bin/bash[[email protected]_46_188_centos ~]#
5.删除用户时一同加家目录也删除
userdel -r user5 把用户的家目录一起删除
再看home下刚才设置的用户家目录user-444就和用户一起被删除了。
[[email protected]_46_188_centos ~]# userdel -r user4[[email protected]_46_188_centos ~]# ls /home/ fxq user01 user03 user05 user07 user09 user3 fxq1 user02 user04 user06 user08 user2 user6 [[email protected]_46_188_centos ~]#
时间： 2024-10-26 11:48:32