前言
SharePoint 必备组件安装，一直以来都是SharePoint安装过程中的最大的坑，尤其是不能联网的服务器。博主在这里简单介绍一下离线安装过程，并附组件包下载以及安装命令，并且在windows server 2016中亲测可用，其他版本服务器请自行测试。
1、组件介绍：
• Web Server (IIS) Role
• Microsoft SQL Server 2012 Native Client
• Microsoft ODBC Driver 11 for SQL Server
• Microsoft Sync Framework Runtime v1.0 SP1 (x64)
• Windows Server AppFabric
• Microsoft Identity Extensions
• Microsoft Information Protection and Control Client 2.1
• Microsoft WCF Data Services 5.6
• Microsoft .NET Framework 4.6
• Cumulative Update Package 7 for Microsoft AppFabric 1.1 for Windows Server (KB3092423)
• Visual C++ Redistributable Package for Visual Studio 2012
• Visual C++ Redistributable Package for Visual Studio 2015
2、准备工具的路径，如果你的服务器可以联网，那么你有福了，双击按照向导联网安装即可；
3、会弹出安装向导，直接下一步；
4、勾上同意再点下一步；
5、如果你没有联网，就只能手动安装了，你需要手动下载所有必备组件，然后执行命令；特别提示，如果你想手动安装， WindowsServerAppFabricSetup_x64.exe这个千万别手动安装，否则会报错；在CMD命令里输入下面命令，记得修改盘符和必备组件的路径要提前改好；
6、详细的命令，记得改prerequisiteinstaller.exe的路径和安装包保存的路径；
D:\prerequisiteinstaller.exe /SQLNCli:C:\install\sqlncli.msi /ODBC:C:\install\msodbcsql.msi /Sync:C:\install\Synchronization.msi /AppFabric:C:\install\WindowsServerAppFabricSetup_x64.exe /IDFX11:C:\install\microsoftidentityextensions-64.msi /MSIPCClient:C:\install\setup_msipc_x64.exe /WCFDataServices56:C:\install\WcfDataServices.exe /DotNetFx:C:\install\NDP453-KB2969351-x86-x64-AllOS-ENU.exe /KB3092423:C:\install\AppFabric-KB3092423-x64-ENU.exe /MSVCRT11:C:\install\vcredist_x64.exe /MSVCRT14:C:\install\vc_redist.x64.exe
7、输入命令回车以后，依然会弹出向导，点击下一步安装就可以了；
8、勾选同意点击下一步；
9、知道安装完毕，提示重启以后，如下对话框，就说明必备组件安装成功了！然后可以继续安装SharePoint了。
10、所有必备组件的下载地址，如下：
• Microsoft SQL Server 2012 Native Client
https://download.microsoft.com/download/4/B/1/4B1E9B0E-A4F3-4715-B417-31C82302A70A/ENU/x64/sqlncli.msi
• Microsoft ODBC Driver 11 for SQL Server
https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/download/details.aspx?id=36434
• Microsoft Sync Framework Runtime v1.0 SP1 (x64)
http://www.microsoft.com/en-ca/download/confirmation.aspx?id=17616
• Windows Server AppFabric
https://download.microsoft.com/download/A/6/7/A678AB47-496B-4907-B3D4-0A2D280A13C0/WindowsServerAppFabricSetup_x64.exe
• Microsoft Identity Extensions
http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkID=252368
• Microsoft Information Protection and Control Client 2.1
https://download.microsoft.com/download/3/C/F/3CF781F5-7D29-4035-9265-C34FF2369FA2/setup_msipc_x64.exe
• Microsoft WCF Data Services 5.6
http://www.microsoft.com/en-ca/download/confirmation.aspx?id=39373
• Microsoft .NET Framework 4.6
• Cumulative Update Package 7 for Microsoft AppFabric 1.1 for Windows Server (KB3092423)
https://download.microsoft.com/download/F/1/0/F1093AF6-E797-4CA8-A9F6-FC50024B385C/AppFabric-KB3092423-x64-ENU.exe
• Visual C++ Redistributable Package for Visual Studio 2012
https://download.microsoft.com/download/1/6/B/16B06F60-3B20-4FF2-B699-5E9B7962F9AE/VSU_4/vcredist_x64.exe
• Visual C++ Redistributable Package for Visual Studio 2015
https://download.microsoft.com/download/9/3/F/93FCF1E7-E6A4-478B-96E7-D4B285925B00/vc_redist.x64.exe
11、群主下载好的必备组件包，已经上传到百度网盘了，里面有所有的组件和安装命令的txt：
链接：http://pan.baidu.com/s/1pLvXBg3 密码：61tu
参考链接
https://technet.microsoft.com/zh-cn/library/cc262485(v=office.16)#必备组件安装程序操作和命令行选项