参考http://www.cnblogs.com/fish-li/archive/2013/05/05/3061816.html
我们可以直接使用XmlTextReader、XmlDocument、XPath来取数XML中的数据, 也可以使用LINQ TO XML或者反序列化的方法从XML中读写数据,我各人比较喜欢序列化、反序列化方法。
1、默认情况下,不添加任何属性标签的对象属性都序列化为一个节点。如下一个Student对象序列化结果如下:
public class Student { public string Name { get; set; }//属性无任何修饰都序列化为Element public string Sex { get; set; } public int Age { get; set; } } Student stu = new Student() { Name = "LiLei", Age = 25, Sex = "男" }; string xml= XmlHelper.XmlSerialize(stu, Encoding.UTF8);//序列化
序列化结果如下:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <Student xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"> <Name>LiLei</Name> <Sex>男</Sex> <Age>25</Age> </Student>
2、使用XmlAttribute修饰类属性,则对应属性序列化为节点属性
using System.Xml.Serialization; namespace Entity { public class Student { [XmlAttribute] public string Name { get; set; } [XmlAttribute] public string Sex { get; set; } [XmlAttribute] public int Age { get; set; } } } Student stu = new Student() { Name = "LiLei", Age = 25, Sex = "男" }; string xml= XmlHelper.XmlSerialize(stu, Encoding.UTF8);
序列化结果:
<!--被XmlAttribute修饰的类属性都序列化为Xml节点属性--><?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <Student xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" Name="LiLei" Sex="男" Age="25" />
3、使用XmlText修饰为xml节点InnerText
public class Student { [XmlText] public string Name { get; set; } [XmlAttribute] public string Sex { get; set; } [XmlAttribute] public int Age { get; set; } } Student stu = new Student() { Name = "LiLei", Age = 25, Sex = "男" }; string xml= XmlHelper.XmlSerialize(stu, Encoding.UTF8);
序列化结果
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <Student xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" Sex="男" Age="25"> LiLei</Student>
4、重命名
属性:[XmlAttribute("别名")]
元素节点:[XmlElement("别名")]
列表元素节点:[XmlArrayItem("别名")]
列表元素自身:[XmlArray("别名")]
类型即根节点:[XmlType("别名")]或[XmlRoot("别名")]
[XmlType("Stu")]public class Student { [XmlElement("Name")]//重命名为Name public string StudentName { get; set; } [XmlAttribute("Sex")]//重命名为Sex public string StudentSex { get; set; } [XmlAttribute] public int Age { get; set; } } Student stu = new Student() { StudentName = "LiLei", Age = 25, StudentSex = "男" }; string xml= XmlHelper.XmlSerialize(stu, Encoding.UTF8);
序列化结果:
<Stu xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" Sex="男" Age="25"> <Name>LiLei</Name> </Stu>
5、列表和数组在序列
例如: public class Student { [XmlElement("Name")] public string StudentName { get; set; } [XmlAttribute("Sex")] public string StudentSex { get; set; } [XmlAttribute] public int Age { get; set; } } List<Student> stu_list = new List<Student>() { new Student() { StudentName = "Lily", Age = 19, StudentSex = "女" }, new Student() { StudentName = "Hanmeimei", Age = 21, StudentSex = "女" }, new Student() { StudentName = "Linda", Age = 19, StudentSex = "女" }, }; string xml = XmlHelper.XmlSerialize(stu_list, Encoding.UTF8);
序列化xml结果为:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <ArrayOfStudent xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"> <Student Sex="女" Age="19"> <Name>Lily</Name> </Student> <Student Sex="女" Age="21"> <Name>Hanmeimei</Name> </Student> <Student Sex="女" Age="19"> <Name>Linda</Name> </Student> </ArrayOfStudent>
该结果的根节点显然不大友好,为此可以重新定义一个新类型,例如:
[XmlRoot("Students")] public class StudentList : List<Student> { } StudentList stulist = new StudentList() { new Student() { StudentName = "Lily", Age = 19, StudentSex = "女" }, new Student() { StudentName = "Hanmeimei", Age = 21, StudentSex = "女" }, new Student() { StudentName = "Linda", Age = 19, StudentSex = "女" } }; string xml = XmlHelper.XmlSerialize(stulist, Encoding.UTF8);
序列化为Xml结果如下:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <Students xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"> <Student Sex="女" Age="19"> <Name>Lily</Name> </Student> <Student Sex="女" Age="21"> <Name>Hanmeimei</Name> </Student> <Student Sex="女" Age="19"> <Name>Linda</Name> </Student> </Students>
6、类成员为数组或列表的序列化
注意:数组和列表都在序列化时,默认情况下会根据类型中的数据成员名称生成一个节点, 列表项会生成子节点,如果要重命名,可以使用[XmlArrayItem]和[XmlArray]来实现。 还可以直接用[XmlElement]控制不生成列表的父节点
例如:
public class QueClient { public string IP { get; set; } public int LocalPort{ get; set; } public List<Queue> Queues { get; set; } } public class Queue { [XmlAttribute("Name")] public string QueueName { get; set; } [XmlAttribute("Id")] public string QueueId { get; set; } [XmlAttribute("Prefix")] public string QuePrefix { get; set; } } List<Queue> quelist = new List<Queue>() { new Queue() {QueueName="金卡",QueueId="A",QuePrefix="A" }, new Queue() {QueueName="普卡",QueueId="B",QuePrefix="B" }, new Queue() {QueueName="葵花卡",QueueId="C",QuePrefix="C" }, }; QueClient queClient = new QueClient() { IP ="99.12.53.71", LocalPort =88, Queues =quelist }; string xml = XmlHelper.XmlSerialize(queClient, Encoding.UTF8);
序列化结果:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <QueClient xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"> <IP>99.12.53.71</IP> <LocalPort>88</LocalPort> <Queues> <Queue Name="金卡" Id="A" Prefix="A" /> <Queue Name="普卡" Id="B" Prefix="B" /> <Queue Name="葵花卡" Id="C" Prefix="C" /> </Queues> </QueClient>
假如QueClient成员Queues(是列表类型)机该列表节点名需重名,即Queues节点与Queue节点需要重名,只需修改QueueClient,如下:
public class QueClient { public string IP { get; set; } public int LocalPort{ get; set; } [XmlArrayItem("Que")]//重命名列表节点名称 [XmlArray("Ques")]//重命名列表根节点名称 public List<Queue> Queues { get; set; } } List<Queue> quelist = new List<Queue>() { new Queue() {QueueName="金卡",QueueId="A",QuePrefix="A" }, new Queue() {QueueName="普卡",QueueId="B",QuePrefix="B" }, new Queue() {QueueName="葵花卡",QueueId="C",QuePrefix="C" }, }; QueClient queClient = new QueClient() { IP ="99.12.53.71", LocalPort =88, Queues =quelist }; string xml = XmlHelper.XmlSerialize(queClient, Encoding.UTF8);
序列化结果如下:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <QueClient xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"> <IP>99.12.53.71</IP> <LocalPort>88</LocalPort> <Ques> <Que Name="金卡" Id="A" Prefix="A" /> <Que Name="普卡" Id="B" Prefix="B" /> <Que Name="葵花卡" Id="C" Prefix="C" /> </Ques> </QueClient>
7、类继承与反序列化
列表元素可以是同一种类型,也可以不是同一种类型(某个类型的派生类)
例如:思考如何反序列化
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <XRoot xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"> <List> <X1 aa="1" bb="2" /> <X1 aa="3" bb="4" /> <x2> <cc>ccccccccccccccccc</cc> <dd>dddddddddd</dd> </x2> </List> </XRoot>
思想:列表里不同类型的继承同一个父类且同时为列表成员指定多个[XmlArrayItem(typeof(XXX))]可实现多种派生类型混在一起输出。最后反序列化结果如下:
using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Xml.Serialization; namespace Entity { public class XBase { } [XmlRoot("x1")] public class X1 : XBase { [XmlAttribute("aa")] public String AA { get; set; } [XmlAttribute("bb")] public string BB { get; set; } } [XmlType("x2")] public class X2 : XBase { [XmlElement("cc")] public string CC { get; set; } [XmlElement("dd")] public string DD { get; set; } } public class XRoot { [XmlArrayItem(typeof(X1))]//注意此处指出节点类型两个X1,X2 [XmlArrayItem(typeof(X2))]//注意此处指出节点类型两个X1,X2 public List<XBase> List { get; set; } } }
例如:反序列化如下xml内容:
<DynamicHelp xmlns="http://msdn.microsoft.com/vsdata/xsd/vsdh.xsd" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://msdn.microsoft.com/vsdata/xsd/vsdh.xsd vsdh.xsd"> <LinkGroup ID="sites" Title="Venus Sites" Priority="1500"> <Glyph Collapsed="3" Expanded="4"/> </LinkGroup> <LinkGroup ID="Venus Private Forums" Title="Venus Private Forums" Priority="1400"> <Glyph Collapsed="3" Expanded="4"/> </LinkGroup> <LinkGroup ID="ASP.NET Forums" Title="ASP.NET 1.0 Public Forums" Priority="1200"> <Glyph Collapsed="3" Expanded="4"/> </LinkGroup> <Context> <Links> <LItem URL="http://www.asp.net/venus" LinkGroup="sites">Venus Home Page</LItem> <LItem URL="http://www.asp.net" LinkGroup="sites">ASP.NET Home Page</LItem> <LItem URL="http://www.asp.net/Forums/ShowForum.aspx?tabindex=1&ForumID=77" LinkGroup="Venus Private Forums">General Discussions</LItem> <LItem URL="http://www.asp.net/Forums/ShowForum.aspx?tabindex=1&ForumID=83" LinkGroup="Venus Private Forums">Feature Requests</LItem> <LItem URL="http://www.asp.net/Forums/ShowForum.aspx?tabindex=1&ForumID=78" LinkGroup="Venus Private Forums">Bug Reports</LItem> <LItem URL="http://www.asp.net/Forums/ShowForum.aspx?tabindex=1&ForumID=86" LinkGroup="Venus Private Forums">ASP.NET 2.0 Related issues</LItem> <LItem URL="http://www.asp.net/Forums/ShowForum.aspx?tabindex=1&ForumID=11" LinkGroup="ASP.NET Forums">Announcements</LItem> <LItem URL="http://www.asp.net/Forums/ShowForum.aspx?tabindex=1&ForumID=15" LinkGroup="ASP.NET Forums">Getting Started</LItem> <LItem URL="http://www.asp.net/Forums/ShowForum.aspx?tabindex=1&ForumID=18" LinkGroup="ASP.NET Forums">Web Forms</LItem> </Links> </Context> </DynamicHelp>
反序列化为:
using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Xml.Serialization; namespace Entity { [XmlRoot(Namespace = "http://msdn.microsoft.com/vsdata/xsd/vsdh.xsd")]//注意此处与xml内容一致,xml内容有空间限定时类定义也需添加 public class DynamicHelp { [XmlElement]//注意此处 public List<LinkGroup> Groups { get; set; } public Context Context { get; set; } } public class LinkGroup { [XmlAttribute] public string ID { get; set; } [XmlAttribute] public string Title { get; set; } [XmlAttribute] public int Priority { get; set; } public Glyph Glyph { get; set; } } public class Glyph { [XmlAttribute] public int Collapsed { get; set; } [XmlAttribute] public int Expanded { get; set; } } public class LItem { [XmlAttribute] public string URL { get; set; } [XmlAttribute] public string LinkGroup { get; set; } [XmlText] public string Title { get; set; } } public class Context { public List<LItem> Links { get; set; } } }
8、不需要序列化的属性: [XmlIgnore]
public class QueClient { public string IP { get; set; } public int LocalPort{ get; set; } [XmlIgnore] public int LocalPort2{ get; set; } [XmlElement] public List<Queue> Queues { get; set; } }
9、指定类成员序列化顺序[XmlElement(Order<= 顺序数字)]
例如:
public class QueClient { [XmlElement(Order =2)]//设置序列化顺序 public string IP { get; set; } public int LocalPort{ get; set; } [XmlIgnore] public int LocalPort2{ get; set; } [XmlElement] public List<Queue> Queues { get; set; } }
10、序列化去掉命名空间及声明
private static void XmlSerializeInternal(Stream stream,object obj,Encoding encoding) { if (obj == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("object"); if(encoding==null) throw new ArgumentNullException("object"); XmlSerializer serializer = new XmlSerializer(obj.GetType()); XmlWriterSettings settings = new XmlWriterSettings(); settings.Indent = true; settings.NewLineChars = "\r\n"; settings.Encoding = encoding; settings.IndentChars = " "; //设置忽略声明空间 settings.OmitXmlDeclaration = true; // 强制指定命名空间,覆盖默认的命名空间。 XmlSerializerNamespaces namespaces = new XmlSerializerNamespaces(); namespaces.Add(string.Empty, string.Empty); using (XmlWriter writer=XmlWriter.Create(stream, settings)) { serializer.Serialize(writer, obj,namespaces); } }
11、自定义序列化行为
假如如下代码序列化:
public class TestClass { public string StrValue { get; set; } public List<int> List { get; set; } } public class ClassB1 { public TestClass Test { get; set; } } TestClass test = new TestClass { StrValue = "Fish Li", List = new List<int> { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 } }; ClassB1 b1 = new ClassB1 { Test = test }; string xmbll = XmlHelper.XmlSerialize(b1, Encoding.UTF8);
序列化结果:
<ClassB1> <Test> <StrValue>Fish Li</StrValue> <List> <int>1</int> <int>2</int> <int>3</int> <int>4</int> <int>5</int> </List> </Test> </ClassB1>
但实际需求是序列化为如下:
<ClassB1 xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"> <Test s="Fish Li">1,2,3,4,5</Test> </ClassB1>
此时只需要对需要特殊序列化的类进行重定义,即该类实现IXmlSerializable重写ReadXml与WriteXml方法
public class TestClass: IXmlSerializable { public string StrValue { get; set; } public List<int> List { get; set; } public XmlSchema GetSchema() { return null; } public void ReadXml(XmlReader reader) { StrValue = reader.GetAttribute("s"); string numbers = reader.ReadString(); if(string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(numbers)==false) List = (from s in numbers.Split(new char[] {‘,‘}, StringSplitOptions.RemoveEmptyEntries) let n = int.Parse(s) select n).ToList(); } public void WriteXml(XmlWriter writer) { writer.WriteAttributeString("s", StrValue); writer.WriteString(string.Join(",", List.ConvertAll<string>(x => x.ToString()).ToArray())); } }