安装mysql方式有：源码包、RPM包（比较老）和二进制包。
安装mysql 5.1.50:
1、安装依赖包
#yum -y install gccgcc-c++ ncurses ncurses-devel openssl openssl-devel libtool*
2、创建用户：
# groupadd mysql
# useradd mysql –g mysql –s /sbin/nologin
3、安装Mysql
# tar –xvf mysql-5.1.50.tar.gz
#cd mysql-5.1.50
# ./configure ‘--prefix=/usr/local/services/mysql‘ ‘--localstatedir=/data/dbdata/‘ ‘--with-unix-socket-path=/usr/local/mysql/tmp/mysql.sock‘ ‘--with-charset=utf8‘ ‘--with-extra-charsets=complex‘ ‘--with-pthread‘ ‘--enable-thread-safe-client‘ ‘--with-ssl‘ ‘--with-client-ldflags=-all-static‘ ‘--with-mysqld-ldflags=-all-static‘ ‘--with-plugins=partition,federated,ndbcluster,innobase,csv,blackhole,myisam,innodb_plugin,heap,archive‘ ‘--enable-shared‘ ‘--enable-assembler‘
# make && make install
解释
--prefix 指定 Mysql 安装目录 (必须)
--localstatedir 指定Mysql数据存储目录(必须)
--with-unix-socket-path 执行socke存放位置(必须)
--with-charset 指定默认字符集
--with-extra-charsets 可以扩展复杂字符集
--with-pthread 强制使用pthread类库
--enable-thread-safe-client 使用编译客户端；(让客户端支持线程的意思)
--with-ssl 启用SSL的支持
--with-client-ldflags=-all-static 静态编译MySQL客户端；（静态链接提高13%性能）
--with-mysqld-ldflags=-all-static 静态编译MySQL服务器端；（静态链接提高13%性能）
--with-plugins MySQL服务器端支持的存储引擎
--enable-shared 共享变异模块
--enable-assembler 使用汇编模式提高效率
4、初始化
# mkdir /data/dbdata/
# chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/ services/mysql
# chown -R mysql:mysql /data/dbdata/
/usr/local/services/mysql/bin/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/services/mysql --datadir=/data/dbdata/
# cp /usr/local/services/mysql/share/mysql/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
# chmod 755 /etc/init.d/mysqld
# vim /etc/init.d/mysqld
basedir=/usr/local/services/mysql
datadir=/data/dbdata/
5、配置文件
#cp support-files/my-medium.cnf /etc/my.cnf
# vim /etc/my.cnf
6、启动服务和设置环境变量
#:vim /etc/profile
MYSQL=/usr/local/services/mysql/bin
PATH=$PATH:$MYSQL
export PATH
#source /etc/profile
启动服务
# /etc/init.d/mysqld start
Mysql5.6源码包安装：
yum install vim-enhanced cmake gcc gcc-c++ ncurses-devel bison make -y
groupadd -g 27 mysql
useradd -u 27 -g mysql -s /sbin/nologin -M mysql
mkdir /database
cmake -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX:PATH=/usr/local/mysql5.6 -DMYSQL_DATADIR:PATH=/database/ -DSYSCONFDIR:PATH=/usr/local/mysql5.6/etc -DWITH_DEBUG:BOOL=on
cmake (-LH)生成 CMakeCache.txt 然后服务于make
编译错误删除CMakeCache.txt后重新编译
man make cmake 的选项-L -D
mysqld d即为组
[[email protected] mysql5.6]#mkdir etc ;cp /etc/my.cnf etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
basedir=/usr/local/mysql5.6
datadir=/database
socket=/var/run/mysqld/mysql5.6.sock
pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysql5.6.pid
user=mysql
port=3307 一般是3306、设置3307为了与rpm等包共存（此次是编译安装）
上面存储地自定义最好不要与其他包目录杂揉
[mysqld_safe]
log-error=/var/log/mysqld/mysqld.log
手工创建不存在的文件夹 /var/run/mysqld /var/log/mysqld
[[email protected] mysql5.6]#chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql5.6 /database /var/run/mysqld /var/log/mysqld
[[email protected] mysql5.6]# pwd
/usr/local/mysql5.6
[[email protected] mysql5.6]# vim scripts/mysql_install_db （启动）
[[email protected] scripts]# #./mysql_install_db --basedir=/usr/local/mysql5.6/ --datadir=/database --user=mysql
-bash: ./mysql_install_db: 权限不够 (chmod +x mysql_install_db)
（上面生成下面文件）
[[email protected] scripts]# ls /database/
ibdata1 ib_logfile0 ib_logfile1 mysql performance_schema test
[[email protected] support-files]# cp -v mysql.server /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysql5.6
"mysql.server" -> "/etc/rc.d/init.d/mysql5.6"
[[email protected] support-files]# vim /etc/init.d/mysql5.6
conf=/usr/local/mysql5.6/etc/my.cnf 修改
[[email protected] support-files]# chkconfig --add mysql5.6
[[email protected] support-files]# service mysql5.6 restart
ps aux |grep mysql #（有root和mysql用户启动分别文件）
[[email protected] wan]# ls /var/run/mysqld/ #（服务启动才有）
mysql5.6.pid mysql5.6.sock
[[email protected] ~]# /usr/local/mysql5.6/bin/mysql
ERROR 2002 (HY000): Can‘t connect to local MySQL server through socket ‘/tmp/mysql.sock‘ (2) # /tmp下面没有
[[email protected] ~]# mysql -S /var/run/mysqld/mysql5.6.sock # 指定，与rpm包不同
# #5.1客户端登录
# /usr/local/mysql5.6/bin/mysql -S /var/lib/mysqld/mysql.sock # 5.6客户端访问5.1的rpm包 yum install mysql mysql-devel mysql-server php-mysql # service mysqld restart
贴上安装mysql脚本：
#!/bin/bash
#./mysql.sh mysql-5.6.17.tar.gz
name1="$1"
name2=${name1/.tar.gz/}
if ! grep -qi "^mysql" /etc/group; then
groupadd -g 27 mysql
fi
if ! id mysql >/dev/null 2>&1; then
useradd -u 27 -g mysql -s /sbin/nologin -M mysql
fi
yum install -y cmake make gcc gcc-c++ ncurses-devel bison >/dev/null 2>&1
[ -d /usr/local/mysql5.6 ] && rm -rf /usr/local/mysql5.6
[ -d /database ] && rm -rf /database/* || mkdir /database
if [ -d "$name2" ]; then
[ -e "$name2/CMakeCache.txt" ] && rm -f "$name2/CMakeCache.txt"
else
tar xf "$name1"
fi
cd $name2
#cmake -LH 产生CMakeCache.txt, make就按这个cache文件来编译
#man cmake
cmake -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX:PATH=/usr/local/mysql5.6 -DMYSQL_DATADIR:PATH=/database -DSYSCONFDIR:PATH=/usr/local/mysql5.6/etc -DWITH_DEBUG:BOOL=on
make
make install
mkdir /usr/local/mysql5.6/etc
cat <<! >/usr/local/mysql5.6/etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
basedir=/usr/local/mysql5.6
datadir=/database
socket=/var/run/mysqld/mysql5.6.sock
pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysql5.6.pid
port=3307
user=mysql
[mysqld_safe]
log-error=/var/log/mysqld/mysql5.6-error.log
!
[ -d /var/run/mysqld ] && rm -rf /var/run/mysqld/* || mkdir /var/run/mysqld
[ -d /var/log/mysqld ] && rm -rf /var/log/mysqld/* || mkdir /var/log/mysqld
chown -R mysql.mysql /usr/local/mysql5.6 /database /var/run/mysqld /var/log/mysqld
/usr/local/mysql5.6/scripts/mysql_install_db --basedir=/usr/local/mysql5.6 --datadir=/database --user=mysql
cp /usr/local/mysql5.6/support-files/mysql.server /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysql5.6
sed -i ‘/conf=/c conf=/usr/local/mysql5.6/etc/my.cnf‘ /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysql5.6
chkconfig --add mysql5.6
service mysql5.6 start