nutch的定时增量爬取

译文来着：

http://wiki.apache.org/nutch/Crawl

介绍（Introduction）

注意：脚本中没有直接使用Nutch的爬去命令（bin/nutch crawl或者是“Crawl”类），所以url过滤的实现并不依赖“conf/crawl-urlfilter.txt”，而是应该在“regex-urlfilter.txt”中设定实现。

爬取步骤（Steps）

脚本大致分为8部：

1. Inject URLs（注入urls）
2. Generate, Fetch, Parse, Update Loop（循环执行：产生待抓取URL，抓取，转换得到的页面，更新各DB）
3. Merge Segments（合并segments）
4. Invert Links（得到抓取到的页面的外连接数据）
5. Index（索引）
6. Dedup（去重）
7. Merge Indexes（合并索引）
8. Load new indexes（tomcat重新加载新索引目录）

两种执行模式（Modes of Execution）

脚本可以两种模式执行:-

• Normal Mode（普通模式）
• Safe Mode（安全模式）

Normal Mode

用 ‘bin/runbot‘命令执行, 将删除执行后所有的目录。

注意: 这意味着如果抓取过程因某些原因中断，而且crawl DB 是不完整的, 那么将没办法恢复。

Safe Mode

用‘bin/runbot safe‘ 命令执行安全模式，将不会删除用到的目录文件. 所有临时文件将被以"BACK_FILE"备份。如果出错，可以利用这些备份文件执行恢复操作。

Normal Mode vs. Safe Mode

除非你可以保证一切都不出问题，否则我们建议您执行安全模式。

Tinkering

根据你的需要设定 ‘depth‘, ‘threads‘, ‘adddays‘ and ‘topN‘。如果不想设定‘topN‘，就将其注释掉或者删掉。

NUTCH_HOME

如果你不是在 nutch的‘bin/runbot‘ 目录下执行该脚本, 你应该在脚本中设定 ‘NUTCH_HOME‘ 的值为你的nutch路径:-

if [ -z "$NUTCH_HOME" ]
then
  NUTCH_HOME=.

ps:如果你在环境变量中已经设定了 ‘NUTCH_HOME‘的值，则可以忽略此处。

CATALINA_HOME

‘CATALINA_HOME‘ 指向tomcat的安装路径。需要在脚本或者环境变量中对其设置，类似 ‘NUTCH_HOME‘的设定:-

if [ -z "$CATALINA_HOME" ]
then
  CATALINA_HOME=/opt/apache-tomcat-6.0.10

Can it re-crawl?

Can it re-crawl?

虽然作者自己使用过多次，但是否能够适合你的工作，请先测试一下。如果不能很好的执行重爬，请联系我们。

脚本内容（Script）

# runbot script to run the Nutch bot for crawling and re-crawling.
# Usage: bin/runbot [safe]
#        If executed in ‘safe‘ mode, it doesn‘t delete the temporary
#        directories generated during crawl. This might be helpful for
#        analysis and recovery in case a crawl fails.
#
# Author: Susam Pal

depth=2
threads=5
adddays=5
topN=15 #Comment this statement if you don‘t want to set topN value

# Arguments for rm and mv
RMARGS="-rf"
MVARGS="--verbose"

# Parse arguments
if [ "$1" == "safe" ]#判断是以哪种模式执行
then
  safe=yes
fi

if [ -z "$NUTCH_HOME" ]#判断 ‘NUTCH_HOME‘是否设定
then
  NUTCH_HOME=.
  echo runbot: $0 could not find environment variable NUTCH_HOME
  echo runbot: NUTCH_HOME=$NUTCH_HOME has been set by the script
else
  echo runbot: $0 found environment variable NUTCH_HOME=$NUTCH_HOME
fi

if [ -z "$CATALINA_HOME" ]#判断tomcat路径是否设置
then
  CATALINA_HOME=/opt/apache-tomcat-6.0.10
  echo runbot: $0 could not find environment variable NUTCH_HOME
  echo runbot: CATALINA_HOME=$CATALINA_HOME has been set by the script
else
  echo runbot: $0 found environment variable CATALINA_HOME=$CATALINA_HOME
fi

if [ -n "$topN" ]#topN设定
then
  topN="-topN $topN"
else
  topN=""
fi

steps=8
echo "----- Inject (Step 1 of $steps) -----"#注入种子urls
$NUTCH_HOME/bin/nutch inject crawl/crawldb urls

echo "----- Generate, Fetch, Parse, Update (Step 2 of $steps) -----"#循环执行抓取
for((i=0; i < $depth; i++))
do
  echo "--- Beginning crawl at depth `expr $i + 1` of $depth ---"
  $NUTCH_HOME/bin/nutch generate crawl/crawldb crawl/segments $topN       -adddays $adddays
  if [ $? -ne 0 ]
  then
    echo "runbot: Stopping at depth $depth. No more URLs to fetch."
    break
  fi
  segment=`ls -d crawl/segments/* | tail -1`

  $NUTCH_HOME/bin/nutch fetch $segment -threads $threads
  if [ $? -ne 0 ]
  then
    echo "runbot: fetch $segment at depth `expr $i + 1` failed."
    echo "runbot: Deleting segment $segment."
    rm $RMARGS $segment
    continue
  fi

  $NUTCH_HOME/bin/nutch updatedb crawl/crawldb $segment
done

echo "----- Merge Segments (Step 3 of $steps) -----"#合并Segments
$NUTCH_HOME/bin/nutch mergesegs crawl/MERGEDsegments crawl/segments/*
if [ "$safe" != "yes" ]
then
  rm $RMARGS crawl/segments
else
  rm $RMARGS crawl/BACKUPsegments
  mv $MVARGS crawl/segments crawl/BACKUPsegments
fi

mv $MVARGS crawl/MERGEDsegments crawl/segments

echo "----- Invert Links (Step 4 of $steps) -----"#得到外连接数据
$NUTCH_HOME/bin/nutch invertlinks crawl/linkdb crawl/segments/*

echo "----- Index (Step 5 of $steps) -----"#建索引
$NUTCH_HOME/bin/nutch index crawl/NEWindexes crawl/crawldb crawl/linkdb     crawl/segments/*

echo "----- Dedup (Step 6 of $steps) -----"#去重
$NUTCH_HOME/bin/nutch dedup crawl/NEWindexes

echo "----- Merge Indexes (Step 7 of $steps) -----"#合并索引
$NUTCH_HOME/bin/nutch merge crawl/NEWindex crawl/NEWindexes

echo "----- Loading New Index (Step 8 of $steps) -----"#tomcat重新加载索引目录
${CATALINA_HOME}/bin/shutdown.sh

if [ "$safe" != "yes" ]
then
  rm $RMARGS crawl/NEWindexes
  rm $RMARGS crawl/index
else
  rm $RMARGS crawl/BACKUPindexes
  rm $RMARGS crawl/BACKUPindex
  mv $MVARGS crawl/NEWindexes crawl/BACKUPindexes
  mv $MVARGS crawl/index crawl/BACKUPindex
fi

mv $MVARGS crawl/NEWindex crawl/index

${CATALINA_HOME}/bin/startup.sh

echo "runbot: FINISHED: Crawl completed!"
echo ""