Tkinter中Widget配置

通过设置属性来改变Widget的外观

常见的属性包括text(显示的文字) 、color(前景色和背景色)、size(宽度和高度）、 command callbacks（点击后的回调函数）等等

1.设置属性，有3种方式:

1)在创建Widget时，通过关键字参数设定

widgetclass(master, option=value, …) => widget

实例:

# coding=utf-8
from Tkinter import *

def touch():
    print ‘button clicked‘

root = Tk()
btn = Button(root, text="Touch me", fg="red", bg="blue", command=touch)  # 指定显示的文本，前景色，背景色，点击后的回调函数
btn.pack()
root.mainloop()

2) 在对象创建完毕后，通过类似字典的方式，以属性为key，进行访问修改

# coding=utf-8
from Tkinter import *

def touch():
    print ‘button clicked‘

root = Tk()
btn = Button(root, text="Touch me")
btn["fg"] = "red"
btn["bg"] = "blue"
btn["command"] = touch
btn.pack()
root.mainloop()

3)对象创建完毕后，调用config函数

# coding=utf-8
from Tkinter import *

def touch():
    print ‘button clicked‘

root = Tk()
btn = Button(root, text="Touch me")
btn.config(fg="red", bg="blue", command=touch)  #调用config函数，设置属性
btn.pack()
root.mainloop()

2.获取属性以及属性对应的值

获取属性: 调用Widget的keys()方法

同时获取属性以及对应的值: 调用Widget对应的无参config()方法

# coding=utf-8
from Tkinter import *

root = Tk()
btn = Button(root, text="Touch me")
print btn.keys()  # 只获取Button实例属性
print btn.config()  # 获取Button实例的属性和值
btn.pack()
root.mainloop()

输出:

[‘activebackground‘, ‘activeforeground‘, ‘anchor‘, ‘background‘, ‘bd‘, ‘bg‘, ‘bitmap‘, ‘borderwidth‘, ‘command‘, ‘compound‘, ‘cursor‘, ‘default‘, ‘disabledforeground‘, ‘fg‘, ‘font‘, ‘foreground‘, ‘height‘, ‘highlightbackground‘, ‘highlightcolor‘, ‘highlightthickness‘, ‘image‘, ‘justify‘, ‘overrelief‘, ‘padx‘, ‘pady‘, ‘relief‘, ‘repeatdelay‘, ‘repeatinterval‘, ‘state‘, ‘takefocus‘, ‘text‘, ‘textvariable‘, ‘underline‘, ‘width‘, ‘wraplength‘]
{‘highlightthickness‘: (‘highlightthickness‘, ‘highlightThickness‘, ‘HighlightThickness‘, <pixel object at 02325330>, <pixel object at 02325330>), ‘text‘: (‘text‘, ‘text‘, ‘Text‘, ‘‘, ‘Touch me‘), ‘image‘: (‘image‘, ‘image‘, ‘Image‘, ‘‘, ‘‘), ‘compound‘: (‘compound‘, ‘compound‘, ‘Compound‘, <index object at 03045250>, ‘none‘), ‘height‘: (‘height‘, ‘height‘, ‘Height‘, 0, 0), ‘borderwidth‘: (‘borderwidth‘, ‘borderWidth‘, ‘BorderWidth‘, <pixel object at 023253C0>, <pixel object at 023253C0>), ‘pady‘: (‘pady‘, ‘padY‘, ‘Pad‘, <pixel object at 023254F8>, <pixel object at 023254F8>), ‘padx‘: (‘padx‘, ‘padX‘, ‘Pad‘, <pixel object at 023253D8>, <pixel object at 023253D8>), ‘font‘: (‘font‘, ‘font‘, ‘Font‘, <font object at 0230DEB8>, ‘TkDefaultFont‘), ‘activeforeground‘: (‘activeforeground‘, ‘activeForeground‘, ‘Background‘, <color object at 02301EE8>, ‘SystemButtonText‘), ‘activebackground‘: (‘activebackground‘, ‘activeBackground‘, ‘Foreground‘, <border object at 02302398>, ‘SystemButtonFace‘), ‘underline‘: (‘underline‘, ‘underline‘, ‘Underline‘, -1, -1), ‘width‘: (‘width‘, ‘width‘, ‘Width‘, 0, 0), ‘state‘: (‘state‘, ‘state‘, ‘State‘, <index object at 02325378>, ‘normal‘), ‘highlightcolor‘: (‘highlightcolor‘, ‘highlightColor‘, ‘HighlightColor‘, <color object at 02325570>, ‘SystemWindowFrame‘), ‘textvariable‘: (‘textvariable‘, ‘textVariable‘, ‘Variable‘, ‘‘, ‘‘), ‘overrelief‘: (‘overrelief‘, ‘overRelief‘, ‘OverRelief‘, ‘‘, ‘‘), ‘takefocus‘: (‘takefocus‘, ‘takeFocus‘, ‘TakeFocus‘, ‘‘, ‘‘), ‘bd‘: (‘bd‘, ‘-borderwidth‘), ‘foreground‘: (‘foreground‘, ‘foreground‘, ‘Foreground‘, <color object at 03047630>, ‘SystemButtonText‘), ‘bg‘: (‘bg‘, ‘-background‘), ‘repeatinterval‘: (‘repeatinterval‘, ‘repeatInterval‘, ‘RepeatInterval‘, 0, 0), ‘repeatdelay‘: (‘repeatdelay‘, ‘repeatDelay‘, ‘RepeatDelay‘, 0, 0), ‘background‘: (‘background‘, ‘background‘, ‘Background‘, <border object at 022BE118>, ‘SystemButtonFace‘), ‘fg‘: (‘fg‘, ‘-foreground‘), ‘bitmap‘: (‘bitmap‘, ‘bitmap‘, ‘Bitmap‘, ‘‘, ‘‘), ‘highlightbackground‘: (‘highlightbackground‘, ‘highlightBackground‘, ‘HighlightBackground‘, <border object at 02325390>, ‘SystemButtonFace‘), ‘disabledforeground‘: (‘disabledforeground‘, ‘disabledForeground‘, ‘DisabledForeground‘, <color object at 0230DA50>, ‘SystemDisabledText‘), ‘wraplength‘: (‘wraplength‘, ‘wrapLength‘, ‘WrapLength‘, <pixel object at 023252D0>, <pixel object at 023252D0>), ‘default‘: (‘default‘, ‘default‘, ‘Default‘, <index object at 0230DFF0>, ‘disabled‘), ‘cursor‘: (‘cursor‘, ‘cursor‘, ‘Cursor‘, ‘‘, ‘‘), ‘command‘: (‘command‘, ‘command‘, ‘Command‘, ‘‘, ‘‘), ‘relief‘: (‘relief‘, ‘relief‘, ‘Relief‘, <index object at 02325420>, ‘raised‘), ‘anchor‘: (‘anchor‘, ‘anchor‘, ‘Anchor‘, <index object at 02301D68>, ‘center‘), ‘justify‘: (‘justify‘, ‘justify‘, ‘Justify‘, <index object at 02325348>, ‘center‘)}

备注: keys()方法中并没有包含name属性，因为name属性只能在Widget对象创建的时候指定。

因此通过btn[‘name‘] = ‘ok‘ 的形式指定‘name’属性