OC基础(12)

*:first-child {
margin-top: 0 !important; }
body > *:last-child {
margin-bottom: 0 !important; }

a {
color: #4183C4; }
a.absent {
color: #cc0000; }
a.anchor {
display: block;
padding-left: 30px;
margin-left: -30px;
cursor: pointer;
position: absolute;
top: 0;
left: 0;
bottom: 0; }

h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6 {
margin: 20px 0 10px;
padding: 0;
font-weight: bold;
-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
cursor: text;
position: relative; }

h1:hover a.anchor, h2:hover a.anchor, h3:hover a.anchor, h4:hover a.anchor, h5:hover a.anchor, h6:hover a.anchor {
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text-decoration: none; }

h1 tt, h1 code {
font-size: inherit; }

h2 tt, h2 code {
font-size: inherit; }

h3 tt, h3 code {
font-size: inherit; }

h4 tt, h4 code {
font-size: inherit; }

h5 tt, h5 code {
font-size: inherit; }

h6 tt, h6 code {
font-size: inherit; }

h1 {
font-size: 28px;
color: black; }

h2 {
font-size: 24px;
border-bottom: 1px solid #cccccc;
color: black; }

h3 {
font-size: 18px; }

h4 {
font-size: 16px; }

h5 {
font-size: 14px; }

h6 {
color: #777777;
font-size: 14px; }

p, blockquote, ul, ol, dl, li, table, pre {
margin: 15px 0; }

hr {
background: transparent url(data:image/png;base64,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) repeat-x 0 0;
border: 0 none;
color: #cccccc;
height: 4px;
padding: 0;
}

body > h2:first-child {
margin-top: 0;
padding-top: 0; }
body > h1:first-child {
margin-top: 0;
padding-top: 0; }
body > h1:first-child + h2 {
margin-top: 0;
padding-top: 0; }
body > h3:first-child, body > h4:first-child, body > h5:first-child, body > h6:first-child {
margin-top: 0;
padding-top: 0; }

a:first-child h1, a:first-child h2, a:first-child h3, a:first-child h4, a:first-child h5, a:first-child h6 {
margin-top: 0;
padding-top: 0; }

h1 p, h2 p, h3 p, h4 p, h5 p, h6 p {
margin-top: 0; }

li p.first {
display: inline-block; }
li {
margin: 0; }
ul, ol {
padding-left: 30px; }

ul :first-child, ol :first-child {
margin-top: 0; }

dl {
padding: 0; }
dl dt {
font-size: 14px;
font-weight: bold;
font-style: italic;
padding: 0;
margin: 15px 0 5px; }
dl dt:first-child {
padding: 0; }
dl dt > :first-child {
margin-top: 0; }
dl dt > :last-child {
margin-bottom: 0; }
dl dd {
margin: 0 0 15px;
padding: 0 15px; }
dl dd > :first-child {
margin-top: 0; }
dl dd > :last-child {
margin-bottom: 0; }

blockquote {
border-left: 4px solid #dddddd;
padding: 0 15px;
color: #777777; }
blockquote > :first-child {
margin-top: 0; }
blockquote > :last-child {
margin-bottom: 0; }

table {
padding: 0;border-collapse: collapse; }
table tr {
border-top: 1px solid #cccccc;
background-color: white;
margin: 0;
padding: 0; }
table tr:nth-child(2n) {
background-color: #f8f8f8; }
table tr th {
font-weight: bold;
border: 1px solid #cccccc;
margin: 0;
padding: 6px 13px; }
table tr td {
border: 1px solid #cccccc;
margin: 0;
padding: 6px 13px; }
table tr th :first-child, table tr td :first-child {
margin-top: 0; }
table tr th :last-child, table tr td :last-child {
margin-bottom: 0; }

img {
max-width: 100%; }

span.frame {
display: block;
overflow: hidden; }
span.frame > span {
border: 1px solid #dddddd;
display: block;
float: left;
overflow: hidden;
margin: 13px 0 0;
padding: 7px;
width: auto; }
span.frame span img {
display: block;
float: left; }
span.frame span span {
clear: both;
color: #333333;
display: block;
padding: 5px 0 0; }
span.align-center {
display: block;
overflow: hidden;
clear: both; }
span.align-center > span {
display: block;
overflow: hidden;
margin: 13px auto 0;
text-align: center; }
span.align-center span img {
margin: 0 auto;
text-align: center; }
span.align-right {
display: block;
overflow: hidden;
clear: both; }
span.align-right > span {
display: block;
overflow: hidden;
margin: 13px 0 0;
text-align: right; }
span.align-right span img {
margin: 0;
text-align: right; }
span.float-left {
display: block;
margin-right: 13px;
overflow: hidden;
float: left; }
span.float-left span {
margin: 13px 0 0; }
span.float-right {
display: block;
margin-left: 13px;
overflow: hidden;
float: right; }
span.float-right > span {
display: block;
overflow: hidden;
margin: 13px auto 0;
text-align: right; }

code, tt {
margin: 0 2px;
padding: 0 5px;
white-space: nowrap;
border: 1px solid #eaeaea;
background-color: #f8f8f8;
border-radius: 3px; }

pre code {
margin: 0;
padding: 0;
white-space: pre;
border: none;
background: transparent; }

.highlight pre {
background-color: #f8f8f8;
border: 1px solid #cccccc;
font-size: 13px;
line-height: 19px;
overflow: auto;
padding: 6px 10px;
border-radius: 3px; }

pre {
background-color: #f8f8f8;
border: 1px solid #cccccc;
font-size: 13px;
line-height: 19px;
overflow: auto;
padding: 6px 10px;
border-radius: 3px; }
pre code, pre tt {
background-color: transparent;
border: none; }

sup {
font-size: 0.83em;
vertical-align: super;
line-height: 0;
}
* {
-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;
}
@media screen and (min-width: 914px) {
body {
width: 854px;
margin:0 auto;
}
}
@media print {
table, pre {
page-break-inside: avoid;
}
pre {
word-wrap: break-word;
}
}
-->

new方法实现原理

本小节知识:

  1. 【掌握】new方法实现原理

1.new方法实现原理

  • 完整的创建一个可用的对象:Person *p=[Person new];
  • new方法的内部会分别调用两个方法来完成3件事情:
    • (1)使用alloc方法来分配存储空间(返回分配的对象);
    • (2)使用init方法来对对象进行初始化。
    • (3)返回对象的首地址
This method is a combination of alloc and init. Like alloc, it initializes the isa instance variable of the new object so it points to the class data structure. It then invokes the init method to complete the initialization process.
  • 可以把new方法拆开如下:

    • (1)调用类方法+alloc分配存储空间,返回未经初始化的对象Person *p1=[person alloc];
    • (2)调用对象方法-init进行初始化,返回对象本身 Person *p2=[p1 init]; + (3)以上两个过程整合为一句:Person *p=[[Person alloc] init];
  • 说明：

    • alloc 与 init合起来称为构造方法，表示构造一个对象
    • alloc 方法为对象分配存储空间，并将所分配这一块区域全部清0. objc The isa instance variable of the new instance is initialized to a data structure that describes the class; memory for all other instance variables is set to 0.
    • init方法是初始化方法（构造方法），用来对象成员变量进行初始化，默认实现是一个空方法。 An object isn’t ready to be used until it has been initialized. The init method defined in the NSObject class does no initialization; it simply returns self.
  • 所以下面两句的作用是等价的 objc Person *p1 = [Person new]; Person *p = [[Person alloc] init];
  • iOS 程序通常使用[[类名 alloc] init] 的方式创建对象，因为这个可以与其他initWithXX:...的初始化方法，统一来。代码更加统一

*:first-child {
margin-top: 0 !important; }
body > *:last-child {
margin-bottom: 0 !important; }

a {
color: #4183C4; }
a.absent {
color: #cc0000; }
a.anchor {
display: block;
padding-left: 30px;
margin-left: -30px;
cursor: pointer;
position: absolute;
top: 0;
left: 0;
bottom: 0; }

h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6 {
margin: 20px 0 10px;
padding: 0;
font-weight: bold;
-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
cursor: text;
position: relative; }

h1:hover a.anchor, h2:hover a.anchor, h3:hover a.anchor, h4:hover a.anchor, h5:hover a.anchor, h6:hover a.anchor {
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text-decoration: none; }

h1 tt, h1 code {
font-size: inherit; }

h2 tt, h2 code {
font-size: inherit; }

h3 tt, h3 code {
font-size: inherit; }

h4 tt, h4 code {
font-size: inherit; }

h5 tt, h5 code {
font-size: inherit; }

h6 tt, h6 code {
font-size: inherit; }

h1 {
font-size: 28px;
color: black; }

h2 {
font-size: 24px;
border-bottom: 1px solid #cccccc;
color: black; }

h3 {
font-size: 18px; }

h4 {
font-size: 16px; }

h5 {
font-size: 14px; }

h6 {
color: #777777;
font-size: 14px; }

p, blockquote, ul, ol, dl, li, table, pre {
margin: 15px 0; }

hr {
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border: 0 none;
color: #cccccc;
height: 4px;
padding: 0;
}

body > h2:first-child {
margin-top: 0;
padding-top: 0; }
body > h1:first-child {
margin-top: 0;
padding-top: 0; }
body > h1:first-child + h2 {
margin-top: 0;
padding-top: 0; }
body > h3:first-child, body > h4:first-child, body > h5:first-child, body > h6:first-child {
margin-top: 0;
padding-top: 0; }

a:first-child h1, a:first-child h2, a:first-child h3, a:first-child h4, a:first-child h5, a:first-child h6 {
margin-top: 0;
padding-top: 0; }

h1 p, h2 p, h3 p, h4 p, h5 p, h6 p {
margin-top: 0; }

li p.first {
display: inline-block; }
li {
margin: 0; }
ul, ol {
padding-left: 30px; }

ul :first-child, ol :first-child {
margin-top: 0; }

dl {
padding: 0; }
dl dt {
font-size: 14px;
font-weight: bold;
font-style: italic;
padding: 0;
margin: 15px 0 5px; }
dl dt:first-child {
padding: 0; }
dl dt > :first-child {
margin-top: 0; }
dl dt > :last-child {
margin-bottom: 0; }
dl dd {
margin: 0 0 15px;
padding: 0 15px; }
dl dd > :first-child {
margin-top: 0; }
dl dd > :last-child {
margin-bottom: 0; }

blockquote {
border-left: 4px solid #dddddd;
padding: 0 15px;
color: #777777; }
blockquote > :first-child {
margin-top: 0; }
blockquote > :last-child {
margin-bottom: 0; }

table {
padding: 0;border-collapse: collapse; }
table tr {
border-top: 1px solid #cccccc;
background-color: white;
margin: 0;
padding: 0; }
table tr:nth-child(2n) {
background-color: #f8f8f8; }
table tr th {
font-weight: bold;
border: 1px solid #cccccc;
margin: 0;
padding: 6px 13px; }
table tr td {
border: 1px solid #cccccc;
margin: 0;
padding: 6px 13px; }
table tr th :first-child, table tr td :first-child {
margin-top: 0; }
table tr th :last-child, table tr td :last-child {
margin-bottom: 0; }

img {
max-width: 100%; }

span.frame {
display: block;
overflow: hidden; }
span.frame > span {
border: 1px solid #dddddd;
display: block;
float: left;
overflow: hidden;
margin: 13px 0 0;
padding: 7px;
width: auto; }
span.frame span img {
display: block;
float: left; }
span.frame span span {
clear: both;
color: #333333;
display: block;
padding: 5px 0 0; }
span.align-center {
display: block;
overflow: hidden;
clear: both; }
span.align-center > span {
display: block;
overflow: hidden;
margin: 13px auto 0;
text-align: center; }
span.align-center span img {
margin: 0 auto;
text-align: center; }
span.align-right {
display: block;
overflow: hidden;
clear: both; }
span.align-right > span {
display: block;
overflow: hidden;
margin: 13px 0 0;
text-align: right; }
span.align-right span img {
margin: 0;
text-align: right; }
span.float-left {
display: block;
margin-right: 13px;
overflow: hidden;
float: left; }
span.float-left span {
margin: 13px 0 0; }
span.float-right {
display: block;
margin-left: 13px;
overflow: hidden;
float: right; }
span.float-right > span {
display: block;
overflow: hidden;
margin: 13px auto 0;
text-align: right; }

code, tt {
margin: 0 2px;
padding: 0 5px;
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border: 1px solid #eaeaea;
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margin: 0;
padding: 0;
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background: transparent; }

.highlight pre {
background-color: #f8f8f8;
border: 1px solid #cccccc;
font-size: 13px;
line-height: 19px;
overflow: auto;
padding: 6px 10px;
border-radius: 3px; }

pre {
background-color: #f8f8f8;
border: 1px solid #cccccc;
font-size: 13px;
line-height: 19px;
overflow: auto;
padding: 6px 10px;
border-radius: 3px; }
pre code, pre tt {
background-color: transparent;
border: none; }

sup {
font-size: 0.83em;
vertical-align: super;
line-height: 0;
}
* {
-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;
}
@media screen and (min-width: 914px) {
body {
width: 854px;
margin:0 auto;
}
}
@media print {
table, pre {
page-break-inside: avoid;
}
pre {
word-wrap: break-word;
}
}
-->

类的本质

本小节知识:

  1. 【了解】类的本质
  2. 【掌握】如何获取类对象
  3. 【理解】类对象的用法
  4. 【理解】类对象的存储
  5. 【了解】OC实例对象类对象元数据之间关系

1.类的本质

  • 类的本质其实也是一个对象(类对象)
  • 程序中第一次使用该类的时候被创建，在整个程序中只有一份。
  • 此后每次使用都是这个类对象，它在程序运行时一直存在。
  • 类对象是一种数据结构,存储类的基本信息:类大小,类名称,类的版本，继承层次，以及消息与函数的映射表等
  • 类对象代表类,Class类型,对象方法属于类对象
  • 如果消息的接收者是类名,则类名代表类对象
  • 所有类的实例都由类对象生成,类对象会把实例的isa的值修改成自己的地址,每个实例的isa都指向该实例的类对象

2.如何获取类对象

  • 通过实例对象
格式：[实例对象   class ];
如：   [dog class];
  • 通过类名获取(类名其实就是类对象)
格式：[类名 class];
如：[Dog class]

3.类对象的用法

  • 用来调用类方法
[Dog test];

Class c = [Dog class];
[c test];
  • 用来创建实例对象
Dog *g = [Dog new];

Class c = [Dog class];
Dog *g1 = [c new];

4.类对象的存储

5.OC实例对象 类对象 元对象之间关系

  • Objective-C是一门面向对象的编程语言。

    • 每一个对象 都是一个类的实例。
    • 每一个对象 都有一个名为isa的指针,指向该对象的类。
    • 每一个类??述了一系列它的实例的特点,包括成员变量的列表,成员函数的列表等。
    • 每一个对象都可以接受消息,而对象能够接收的消息列表是保存在它所对应的类中。
  • 在Xcode中按Shift + Command + O打开文件搜索框，然后输入NSObject.h和objc.h,可以打开 NSObject的定义头文件,通过头文件我们可以看到,NSObject就是一个包含isa指针的结构体,如下图所示:
NSObject.h
@interface NSObject <NSObject> {
    Class isa  OBJC_ISA_AVAILABILITY;
}
objc.h
/// An opaque type that represents an Objective-C class.
typedef struct objc_class *Class;

/// Represents an instance of a class.
struct objc_object {
    Class isa  OBJC_ISA_AVAILABILITY;
};
  • 按照面向对象语言的设计原则,所有事物都应该是对象(严格来说 Objective-C并没有完全做到这一点,因为它有int,double这样的简单变量类型)

    • 在Objective-C语言中,每一个类实际上也是一个对象。每一个类也有一个名为isa的指针。每一个类都可以接受消息,例如[NSObject new],就是向NSObject这个类发送名为new的消息。
    • 在Xcode中按Shift + Command + O,然后输入runtime.h,可以打开Class的定义头文件,通过头文件我们可以看到,Class也是一个包含isa指针的结构体,如下图所示。(图中除了isa外还有其它成员变量,但那是为了兼容非2.0版的Objective-C的遗留逻辑,大家可以忽略它。)
runtime.h
struct objc_class {
    Class isa  OBJC_ISA_AVAILABILITY;

#if !__OBJC2__
    Class super_class                                        OBJC2_UNAVAILABLE;
    const char *name                                         OBJC2_UNAVAILABLE;
    long version                                             OBJC2_UNAVAILABLE;
    long info                                                OBJC2_UNAVAILABLE;
    long instance_size                                       OBJC2_UNAVAILABLE;
    struct objc_ivar_list *ivars                             OBJC2_UNAVAILABLE;
    struct objc_method_list **methodLists                    OBJC2_UNAVAILABLE;
    struct objc_cache *cache                                 OBJC2_UNAVAILABLE;
    struct objc_protocol_list *protocols                     OBJC2_UNAVAILABLE;
#endif

} OBJC2_UNAVAILABLE;
  • 因为类也是一个对象,那它也必须是另一个类的实例,这个类就是元类 (metaclass)。

    • 元类保存了类方法的列表。当一个类方法被调用时,元类会首先查找它本身是否有该类方法的实现,如果没有则该元类会向它的父类查找该方法,直到一直找到继承链的头。
    • 元类(metaclass)也是一个对象,那么元类的isa指针又指向哪里呢?为了设计上的完整,所有的元类的isa指针都会指向一个根元类(root metaclass)。
    • 根元类(root metaclass)本身的isa指针指向自己,这样就行成了一个闭环。上面说??到,一个对象能够接收的消息列表是保存在它所对应的类中的。在实际编程中,我们几乎不会遇到向元类发消息的情况,那它的isa 指针在实际上很少用到。不过这么设计保证了面向对象的干净,即所有事物都是对象,都有isa指针。
    • 由于类方法的定义是保存在元类(metaclass)中,而方法调用的规则是,如果该类没有一个方法的实现,则向它的父类继续查找。所以为了保证父类的类方法可以在子类中可以被调用,所以子类的元类会继承父类的元类,换而言之,类对象和元类对象有着同样的继承关系。
  • 下面这张图或许能够 让大家对isa和继承的关系清楚一些
  • 上图中,最让人困惑的莫过于Root Class了。在实现中,Root Class是指 NSObject,我们可以从图中看出:
  • NSObject类对象包括它的对象实例方法。
  • NSObject的元对象包括它的类方法,例如new方法。
  • NSObject的元对象继承自NSObject类。
  • 一个NSObject的类中的方法同时也会被NSObject的子类在查找方法时找到。

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font-size: inherit; }

h5 tt, h5 code {
font-size: inherit; }

h6 tt, h6 code {
font-size: inherit; }

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font-size: 28px;
color: black; }

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font-size: 24px;
border-bottom: 1px solid #cccccc;
color: black; }

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h4 {
font-size: 16px; }

h5 {
font-size: 14px; }

h6 {
color: #777777;
font-size: 14px; }

p, blockquote, ul, ol, dl, li, table, pre {
margin: 15px 0; }

hr {
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padding-top: 0; }
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margin-top: 0;
padding-top: 0; }

a:first-child h1, a:first-child h2, a:first-child h3, a:first-child h4, a:first-child h5, a:first-child h6 {
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li {
margin: 0; }
ul, ol {
padding-left: 30px; }

ul :first-child, ol :first-child {
margin-top: 0; }

dl {
padding: 0; }
dl dt {
font-size: 14px;
font-weight: bold;
font-style: italic;
padding: 0;
margin: 15px 0 5px; }
dl dt:first-child {
padding: 0; }
dl dt > :first-child {
margin-top: 0; }
dl dt > :last-child {
margin-bottom: 0; }
dl dd {
margin: 0 0 15px;
padding: 0 15px; }
dl dd > :first-child {
margin-top: 0; }
dl dd > :last-child {
margin-bottom: 0; }

blockquote {
border-left: 4px solid #dddddd;
padding: 0 15px;
color: #777777; }
blockquote > :first-child {
margin-top: 0; }
blockquote > :last-child {
margin-bottom: 0; }

table {
padding: 0;border-collapse: collapse; }
table tr {
border-top: 1px solid #cccccc;
background-color: white;
margin: 0;
padding: 0; }
table tr:nth-child(2n) {
background-color: #f8f8f8; }
table tr th {
font-weight: bold;
border: 1px solid #cccccc;
margin: 0;
padding: 6px 13px; }
table tr td {
border: 1px solid #cccccc;
margin: 0;
padding: 6px 13px; }
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margin-top: 0; }
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margin-bottom: 0; }

img {
max-width: 100%; }

span.frame {
display: block;
overflow: hidden; }
span.frame > span {
border: 1px solid #dddddd;
display: block;
float: left;
overflow: hidden;
margin: 13px 0 0;
padding: 7px;
width: auto; }
span.frame span img {
display: block;
float: left; }
span.frame span span {
clear: both;
color: #333333;
display: block;
padding: 5px 0 0; }
span.align-center {
display: block;
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clear: both; }
span.align-center > span {
display: block;
overflow: hidden;
margin: 13px auto 0;
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display: block;
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clear: both; }
span.align-right > span {
display: block;
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margin: 13px 0 0;
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span.align-right span img {
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float: left; }
span.float-left span {
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span.float-right {
display: block;
margin-left: 13px;
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float: right; }
span.float-right > span {
display: block;
overflow: hidden;
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text-align: right; }

code, tt {
margin: 0 2px;
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border-radius: 3px; }

pre {
background-color: #f8f8f8;
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font-size: 13px;
line-height: 19px;
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pre code, pre tt {
background-color: transparent;
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sup {
font-size: 0.83em;
vertical-align: super;
line-height: 0;
}
* {
-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;
}
@media screen and (min-width: 914px) {
body {
width: 854px;
margin:0 auto;
}
}
@media print {
table, pre {
page-break-inside: avoid;
}
pre {
word-wrap: break-word;
}
}
-->

类的启动过程

本小节知识:

  1. 【掌握】+load方法
  2. 【掌握】+initialize方法

1.+load方法

  • 在程序启动的时候会加载所有的类和分类，并调用所有类和分类的+load方法(只会调用一次)
  • 先加载父类，再加载子类；也就是先调用父类的+load，再调用子类的+load
  • 先加载元原始类，再加载分类
  • 不管程序运行过程有没有用到这个类，都会调用+load加载
@implementation Person

+ (void)load
{
    NSLog(@"%s", __func__);
}
@end

@implementation Student : Person

+ (void)load
{
    NSLog(@"%s", __func__);
}
@end

输出结果:
+[Person load]
+[Student load]

2.+initialize

  • 在第一次使用某个类时（比如创建对象等），只会调用一次+initialize方法
  • 一个类只会调用一次+initialize方法，先调用父类的，再调用子类的
@implementation Person
+ (void)initialize
{
    NSLog(@"%s", __func__);
}
@end

@implementation Student : Person
+ (void)initialize
{
    NSLog(@"%s", __func__);
}
@end
int main(int argc, const char * argv[]) {
    Student *stu = [Student new];
    return 0;
}
输出结果:
+[Person initialize]
+[Student initialize]
时间： 2024-10-30 16:51:08

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