前言
从其他语言转向Javascript时,通常都会遇到一些困惑性问题。比如,Java中的HashMap在Javascript中如何实现?Javascript面向对象式编程如何实现继承?如何实现通用的iterator对集合对象做遍历?如何对Array实现快速排序?….
如果你真的可以自己实现这些功能,那么你的Javascript基础很扎实的!我很佩服你!但对于大部分人来说,这些基础功能应该是由底层API支持的,就像JDK一样。Underscore为我们提供了这样的一个实用工具包,而且它真的很实用!
只有你动手做了,你才能有收获。
目录
- Underscore介绍
- Underscore安装
- 集合部分:数组或对象
- 数组部分
- 函数部分
- 对象部分
- 实用功能
- 链式语法
- 字符串处理Underscore.String
1. Underscore介绍
Underscore 是一个JavaScript实用库,提供了类似Prototype.js的一些功能,但是没有继承任何JavaScript内置对象。它弥补了部分jQuery没有实现的功能,同时又是Backbone.js必不可少的部分。
Underscore提供了80多个函数,包括常用的: map, select, invoke — 当然还有更多专业的辅助函数,如:函数绑定, JavaScript模板功能, 强类型相等测试, 等等. 在新的浏览器中, 有许多函数如果浏览器本身直接支持,将会采用原生的,如 forEach, map, reduce, filter, every, some 和 indexOf.
Underscore介绍来自官方文档,Underscore.js (1.7.0) 中文API文档:http://www.css88.com/doc/underscore/
2. Underscore安装
Underscore.js是一个Javascript功能类库,不依赖于环境,可以加载到HTML中在浏览器运行,也可以直接在nodejs的环境中使用。
为了方便介绍函数功能,我这里选择在nodejs的环境中运行。
我的系统环境
js 代码:
- win7 64bit, node v0.10.5, npm 1.2.19
安装Underscore
js 代码:
- ~ D:\workspace\javascript>mkdir nodejs-underscore
- ~ D:\workspace\javascript>cd nodejs-underscore
- ~ D:\workspace\javascript\nodejs-underscore>npm install underscore
- npm http GET https://registry.npmjs.org/underscore
- npm http 304 https://registry.npmjs.org/underscore
- npm http GET https://registry.npmjs.org/underscore/-/underscore-1.5.1.tgz
- npm http 200 https://registry.npmjs.org/underscore/-/underscore-1.5.1.tgz
- [email protected].5.1 node_modules\underscore
underscore有80多的函数,下面我只介绍一些,我比较感兴趣的,实用的。
3. 集合部分: 数组或对象
新建一个collection.js文件,测试underscore对集合的支持。
js 代码:
- ~ vi collection.js
- //加载underscore库
- var _ = require("underscore")._;
each: 对集合循环操作
js 代码:
- _.each([1, 2, 3], function (ele, idx) {
- console.log(idx + ":" + ele);
- });
- => 0:1
- 1:2
- 2:3
map: 对集合以map方式遍历,产生一个新数组
js 代码:
- console.log(
- _.map([1, 2, 3], function(num){
- return num * 3;
- })
- );
- => [3, 6, 9]
reduce: 集合元素合并集的到memo
js 代码:
- console.log(
- _.reduce([1, 2, 3], function (memo, num) {
- return memo + num;
- }, 0)
- );
- => 6
filter: 过滤集合中符合条件的元素。注:find:只返回第一个
js 代码:
- console.log(
- _.filter([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6], function(num){
- return num % 2 == 0;
- })
- );
- => [ 2, 4, 6 ]
reject: 过滤集合中不符合条件的元素
js 代码:
- console.log(
- _.reject([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6], function(num){
- return num % 2 == 0;
- })
- );
- => [ 1, 3, 5 ]
where: 遍历list, 返回新的对象数组
js 代码:
- var list = [
- {title:"AAA",year: 1982},
- {title:"BBB",year: 1900},
- {title:"CCC",year: 1982}
- ];
- console.log(
- _.where(list,{year: 1982})
- );
- => [ { title: ‘AAA‘, year: 1982 }, { title: ‘CCC‘, year: 1982 } ]
contains:判断元素是否在list中
js 代码:
- console.log(
- _.contains([1, 2, 3], 3)
- );
invoke:通过函数名调用函数运行
js 代码:
- console.log(
- _.invoke([[5, 1, 7]], ‘sort‘)
- );
- => [ [ 1, 5, 7 ] ]
pluck: 提取一个集合里指定的属性值
js 代码:
- var users = [
- {name: ‘moe‘, age: 40},
- {name: ‘larry‘, age: 50}
- ];
- console.log(
- _.pluck(users, ‘name‘)
- );
- => [ ‘moe‘, ‘larry‘ ]
max,min,sortBy: 取list中的最大,最小元素,自定义比较器
js 代码:
- console.log(
- _.max(users, function (stooge) {
- return stooge.age;
- })
- );
- => { name: ‘larry‘, age: 50 }
- var numbers = [10, 5, 100, 2, 1000];
- console.log(
- _.min(numbers)
- );
- => 2
- console.log(
- _.sortBy([3, 4, 2, 1 , 6], function (num) {
- return Math.max(num);
- })
- );
- => [ 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 ]
groupBy: 把一个集合分组成多个集合
js 代码:
- console.log(
- _.groupBy([‘one‘, ‘two‘, ‘three‘], ‘length‘)
- );
- => { ‘3‘: [ ‘one‘, ‘two‘ ], ‘5‘: [ ‘three‘ ] }
countBy: 把一个数据分组后计数
js 代码:
- onsole.log(
- _.countBy([1, 2, 3, 4, 5], function (num) {
- return num % 2 == 0 ? ‘even‘ : ‘odd‘;
- })
- );
- => { odd: 3, even: 2 }
shuffle: 随机打乱一个数据
js 代码:
- console.log(
- _.shuffle([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6])
- );
- => [ 1, 5, 2, 3, 6, 4 ]
toArray: 将list转换成一个数组
js 代码:
- console.log(
- (function () {
- return _.toArray(arguments).slice(1);
- })(1, 2, 3, 4)
- );
- => [ 2, 3, 4 ]
size: 得到list中元素个数
js 代码:
- console.log(
- _.size({one: 1, two: 2, three: 3})
- );
4. 数组部分
新建一个array.js
js 代码:
- ~ vi array.js
- var _ = require("underscore")._;
first,last,initial,rest: 数组的元素操作。
js 代码:
- var nums = [5, 4, 3, 2, 1];
- console.log(_.first(nums));
- console.log(_.last(nums));
- console.log(_.initial(nums,1));
- console.log(_.rest(nums,1));
- => 5
- 1
- [ 5, 4, 3, 2 ]
- [ 4, 3, 2, 1 ]
indexOf,lastIndexOf,sortedIndex:取索引位置
js 代码:
- console.log(_.indexOf([4, 2, 3, 4, 2], 4));
- console.log(_.lastIndexOf([4, 2, 3, 4, 2], 4));
- console.log(_.sortedIndex([10, 20, 30, 40, 50], 35));
- => 0
- 3
- 3
range: 创建一个范围整数数组
js 代码:
- console.log(_.range(1,10));
- console.log(_.range(0, -10, -1));
- => [ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 ]
- [ 0, -1, -2, -3, -4, -5, -6, -7, -8, -9 ]
compact:数组去除空值
js 代码:
- console.log(
- _.compact([0, 1, false, 2, ‘‘, 3])
- );
- => [ 1, 2, 3 ]
flatten:将一个嵌套多层的数组(嵌套可以是任何层数)转换为只有一层的数组
js 代码:
- console.log(
- _.flatten([1, [2], [3, [[4]]]])
- );
- => [ 1, 2, 3, 4 ]
without: 去掉元素
js 代码:
- console.log(
- _.without([1, 2, 1, 0, 3, 1, 4], 0,1 )
- );
- => [ 2, 3, 4 ]
union,intersection,difference,uniq: 并集,交集,差集,取唯一
js 代码:
- console.log(_.union([1, 2, 3], [101, 2, 1, 10], [2, 1]));
- console.log(_.intersection([1, 2, 3], [101, 2, 1, 10], [2, 1]));
- console.log(_.difference([1, 2, 3, 4, 5], [5, 2, 10]));
- console.log(_.uniq([1, 2, 1, 3, 1, 2]));
- => [ 1, 2, 3, 101, 10 ]
- [ 1, 2 ]
- [ 1, 3, 4 ]
- [ 1, 2, 3 ]
zip: 合并多个数组中的元素,是group的反向操作
js 代码:
- console.log(
- _.zip([‘moe‘, ‘larry‘, ‘curly‘], [30, 40, 50], [true, false, false])
- );
- => [ [ ‘moe‘, 30, true ],
- [ ‘larry‘, 40, false ],
- [ ‘curly‘, 50, false ] ]
object: 把数组转换成对象
js 代码:
- console.log(
- _.object([‘moe‘, ‘larry‘, ‘curly‘], [30, 40, 50])
- );
- => { moe: 30, larry: 40, curly: 50 }
5. 函数部分
新建一个function.js
js 代码:
- ~ vi function.js
- var _ = require("underscore")._;
bind: 绑定函数到对象上, 无论何时函数被调用, 函数里的this都指向对象.
js 代码:
- var func = function(greeting){ return greeting + ‘: ‘ + this.name };
- func = _.bind(func, {name : ‘moe‘}, ‘hi‘);
- console.log(func());
- => hi: moe
bindAll: 绑定方法名到对象上, 当这些方法被执行时将在对象的上下文执行. 绑定函数用作事件处理时非常方便, 否则函数调用时 this 关键字根本没什么用.
js 代码:
- var buttonView = {
- label : ‘underscore‘,
- onClick : function(){ console.log(‘clicked: ‘ + this.label); },
- onHover : function(){ console.log(‘hovering: ‘ + this.label); }
- };
- var func = _.bindAll(buttonView, ‘onClick‘, ‘onHover‘);
- func.onClick();
- => clicked: underscore
partial:在不改变this的情况下,通过参数填充数据
js 代码:
- var add = function(a, b) { return a + b; };
- add5 = _.partial(add, 5);
- console.log(add5(10));
- => 15
memoize: 通过缓存计算结果使函数具有记忆功能。
js 代码:
- var fibonacci = _.memoize(function(n) {
- return n < 2 ? n : fibonacci(n - 1) + fibonacci(n - 2);
- });
- console.log(fibonacci(10));
- => 55
delay: 在等待xx毫秒之后调用函数,类似于setTimeout
js 代码:
- var log = _.bind(console.log, console);
- _.delay(log, 1000, ‘sleep 1s‘);
- => sleep 1s
defer: 延迟调用函数, 直到当前调用栈被清空为止, 跟使用 setTimeout 赋予0毫秒的延时很像. 对执行高消耗算法或大型HTML呈现而不阻碍UI更新线程很有用.
js 代码:
- _.defer(function(){ console.log(‘deferred‘); });
- => deferred
throttle:返回一个类似于节流阀一样的函数, 当高频率的调用函数, 实际上会每隔 wait 毫秒才会调用一次. 对于高到您感觉不到的高频率执行的函数时非常有用.
js 代码:
- var throttled = _.throttle(function(){
- _(5).times(function(n){ console.log(n+":"+new Date()); });
- }, 100);
- throttled();
- => 0:Wed Aug 28 2013 14:20:48 GMT+0800
- 1:Wed Aug 28 2013 14:20:48 GMT+0800
- 2:Wed Aug 28 2013 14:20:48 GMT+0800
- 3:Wed Aug 28 2013 14:20:48 GMT+0800
- 4:Wed Aug 28 2013 14:20:48 GMT+0800
debounce: 返回函数的防反跳版本, 将延迟函数的执行(真正的执行)在函数最后一次调用时刻的等待xx毫秒之后,可以实现延迟加载。
js 代码:
- var lazyLoad = _.debounce(function(){
- console.log("lazy load 3s");
- }, 3000);
- lazyLoad();
- => lazy load 3s
once: 创建一个只能运行一次的函数. 重复调用此修改过的函数会没有效果, 只会返回第一次执行时返回的结果。单例模式。
js 代码:
- var initialize = _.once(function(){console.log(‘initialize‘);});
- initialize();
- initialize();
- => initialize
after: 对循环计数,只有超过计数,才会调用指定的函数
js 代码:
- var nums = [1,2,3,4];
- var renderNums = _.after(nums.length, function(){
- console.log(‘render nums‘);
- });
- _.each(nums, function(num) {
- console.log(‘each:‘+num);
- renderNums();
- });
- => each:1
- each:2
- each:3
- each:4
- render nums
wrap: 以函数作为函数传递,可以增加函数调用前后的控制。有点类似于 “模板方法模式”
js 代码:
- var hello = function(name) { return "hello: " + name; };
- hello = _.wrap(hello, function(func) {
- return "before, " + func("moe") + ", after";
- });
- console.log(hello());
- => before, hello: moe, after
compose: 组合函数调用关系,把单独的f(),g(),h()组合成f(g(h()))
js 代码:
- var greet = function(name){ return "A: " + name; };
- var exclaim = function(statement){ return "B: "+statement + "!"; };
- var welcome = _.compose(exclaim, greet);
- console.log(welcome(‘moe‘));
- => B: A: moe!
6. 对象部分
新建一个object.js
js 代码:
- ~ vi object.js
- var _ = require("underscore")._;
keys,values,paris,invert: 取属性名,取属性值,把对象转换成[key,value]数组,对调键值
js 代码:
- var obj = {one: 1, two: 2, three: 3}
- console.log(_.keys(obj));
- console.log(_.values(obj));
- console.log(_.pairs(obj));
- console.log(_.invert(obj));
- => [ ‘one‘, ‘two‘, ‘three‘ ]
- [ 1, 2, 3 ]
- [ [ ‘one‘, 1 ], [ ‘two‘, 2 ], [ ‘three‘, 3 ] ]
- { ‘1‘: ‘one‘, ‘2‘: ‘two‘, ‘3‘: ‘three‘ }
functions:返回对象的所有方法名
js 代码:
- var fun = {
- fun1:function(){},
- fun2:function(){}
- }
- console.log(_.functions(fun));
- => [ ‘fun1‘, ‘fun2‘ ]
extend: 复制对象的所有属性到目标对象上,覆盖已有属性
js 代码:
- console.log(
- _.extend({name : ‘moe‘}, {age : 50})
- );
- => { name: ‘moe‘, age: 50 }
defaults: 复制对象的所有属性到目标对象上,跳过已有属性
js 代码:
- var iceCream = {flavor : "chocolate"};
- console.log(
- _.defaults(iceCream, {flavor : "vanilla", sprinkles : "lots"})
- );
- => { flavor: ‘chocolate‘, sprinkles: ‘lots‘ }
pick,omit: 返回一个对象的副本,保留指定的属性或去掉指定的属性
js 代码:
- console.log(
- _.pick({name : ‘moe‘, age: 50, userid : ‘moe1‘}, ‘name‘, ‘age‘)
- );
- => { name: ‘moe‘, age: 50 }
- console.log(
- _.omit({name : ‘moe‘, age : 50, userid : ‘moe1‘}, ‘userid‘)
- );
- => { name: ‘moe‘, age: 50 }
clone: 引入方式克隆对象,不进行复制
js 代码:
- console.log(
- _.clone({name : ‘moe‘});
- );
- => {name : ‘moe‘};
tag: 用对象作为参数来调用函数,作为函数链式调用的一环
js 代码:
- console.log(
- _.chain([1,2,3,200])
- .filter(function(num) { return num % 2 == 0; })
- .tap(console.log)
- .map(function(num) { return num * num })
- .value()
- );
- => [ 2, 200 ]
- [ 4, 40000 ]
has: 判断对象是否包含指定的属性名
js 代码:
- console.log(_.has({a: 1, b: 2, c: 3}, "b"));
isEqual: 判断两个对象是值相等
js 代码:
- var moe = {name : ‘moe‘, luckyNumbers : [13, 27, 34]};
- var clone = {name : ‘moe‘, luckyNumbers : [13, 27, 34]};
- console.log(moe == clone);
- => false
- console.log(_.isEqual(moe, clone));
- => true
判断对象类型的方法,下面反回值都是true
js 代码:
- console.log(_.isEmpty({}));
- console.log(_.isArray([1,2,3]));
- console.log(_.isObject({}));
- console.log((function(){ return _.isArguments(arguments); })(1, 2, 3));
- console.log(_.isFunction(console.log));
- console.log(_.isString("moe"));
- console.log(_.isNumber(8.4 * 5));
- console.log(_.isFinite(-101));
- console.log(_.isBoolean(true));
- console.log(_.isDate(new Date()));
- console.log(_.isNaN(NaN));
- console.log(_.isNull(null));
- console.log(_.isUndefined(undefined));
- => true
7. 实用功能
新建一个util.js
js 代码:
- ~ vi util.js
- var _ = require("underscore")._;
noConflict: 把 “_” 变量的控制权预留给它原有的所有者. 返回一个引用给 Underscore 对象.
js 代码:
- var underscore = _.noConflict();
identity: 返回与传入参数相等的值. 相当于数学里的: f(x) = x
js 代码:
- var moe = {name : ‘moe‘};
- console.log(moe === _.identity(moe));
- => true
times: 设计调用次数
js 代码:
- _(3).times(function(n){ console.log(n); });
- => 0
- 1
- 2
random: 返回范围内的随机数
js 代码:
- console.log(_.random(0, 100));
- => 30
mixin: 封装自己的函数到Underscore对象中,后面Underscore.string就是这种方式的集成
js 代码:
- _.mixin({
- capitalize : function(string) {
- return string.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + string.substring(1).toLowerCase();
- }
- });
- console.log(_("fabio").capitalize());
- => Fabio
uniqueId:产生一个全局的唯一id,以参数作为前缀
js 代码:
- console.log(_.uniqueId(‘contact_‘));
- => contact_1
- console.log(_.uniqueId(‘contact_‘));
- => contact_2
escape,unescape:转义HTML字符串,反转到HTML字符串
js 代码:
- console.log(_.escape(‘Curly, Larry & Moe‘));
- => Curly, Larry & Moe
- console.log(_.unescape(‘Curly, Larry & Moe‘));
- => Curly, Larry & Moe
result: 通过字符串调用对象的函数,或返回属性值
js 代码:
- var obj = {cheese: ‘crumpets‘, stuff: function(){ return ‘nonsense‘; }};
- console.log(_.result(obj, ‘cheese‘));
- => crumpets
- console.log(_.result(obj, ‘stuff‘));
- => nonsense
template: 将 JavaScript 模板编译为可以用于页面呈现的函数, 对于通过JSON数据源生成复杂的HTML并呈现出来的操作非常有用. 模板函数可以通过以下两种方式插入到页面中, 使用<%= … %>, 也可以用<% … %>执行任意的 JavaScript 代码. 如果您希望插入一个值, 并让其进行HTML转义, 当您使用创建一个模板时使用 <%- … %> , 传入一个含有与模板对应属性的对象 data. 如果您要写一个一次性的, 您可以传对象 data 作为第二个参数给模板template 来直接呈现, 这样页面会立即呈现而不是返回一个模板函数. 参数 settings 是一个哈希表包含任何可以覆盖的设置 _.templateSettings.
js 代码:
- var compiled = _.template("hello: <%= name %>");
- console.log(compiled({name : ‘moe‘}));
- =>hello: moe
- var list = "<% _.each(people, function(name) { %> <li><%= name %></li> <% }); %>";
- console.log(_.template(list, {people : [‘moe‘, ‘curly‘, ‘larry‘]}));
- => <li>moe</li> <li>curly</li> <li>larry</li>
- var template = _.template("<b><%- value %></b>");
- console.log(template({value : ‘<script>‘}));
- => <b><script></b>
- var compiled = _.template("<% print(‘Hello ‘ + epithet); %>");
- console.log(compiled({epithet: "stooge"}));
- =>Hello stooge
- console.log(_.template("Using ‘with‘: <%= data.answer %>", {answer: ‘no‘}, {variable: ‘data‘}));
- =>Using ‘with‘: no
- _.templateSettings = {
- interpolate : /\{\{(.+?)\}\}/g
- };
- var template = _.template("Hello {{ name }}!");
- console.log(template({name : "Mustache"}));
- =>Hello Mustache!
8. 链式语法
新建一个chaining.js
js 代码:
- ~ vi chaining.js
- var _ = require("underscore")._;
chain: 返回一个封装的对象. 在封装的对象上调用方法会返回封装的对象本身, 直到value() 方法调用为止.
js 代码:
- var stooges = [{name : ‘curly‘, age : 25}, {name : ‘moe‘, age : 21}, {name : ‘larry‘, age : 23}];
- var youngest = _.chain(stooges)
- .sortBy(function(stooge){ return stooge.age; })
- .map(function(stooge){ return stooge.name + ‘ is ‘ + stooge.age; })
- .first()
- .value();
- console.log(youngest);
- => moe is 21
对一个对象使用 chain 方法, 会把这个对象封装并 让以后每次方法的调用结束后都返回这个封装的对象, 当您完成了计算, 可以使用 value 函数来取得最终的值. 以下是一个同时使用了 map/flatten/reduce 的链式语法例子, 目的是计算一首歌的歌词里每一个单词出现的次数.
js 代码:
- var lyrics = [
- {line : 1, words : "I‘m a lumberjack and I‘m okay"},
- {line : 2, words : "I sleep all night and I work all day"},
- {line : 3, words : "He‘s a lumberjack and he‘s okay"},
- {line : 4, words : "He sleeps all night and he works all day"}
- ];
- console.log(
- _.chain(lyrics)
- .map(function(line) { return line.words.split(‘ ‘); })
- .flatten()
- .reduce(function(counts, word) {
- counts[word] = (counts[word] || 0) + 1;
- return counts;
- }, {})
- .value()
- );
- => { ‘I\‘m‘: 2,
- a: 2,
- lumberjack: 2,
- and: 4,
- okay: 2,
- I: 2,
- sleep: 1,
- all: 4,
- night: 2,
- work: 1,
- day: 2,
- ‘He\‘s‘: 1,
- ‘he\‘s‘: 1,
- He: 1,
- sleeps: 1,
- he: 1,
- works: 1 }
value: 提取封装对象的最终值,作为chain()结束标志。
js 代码:
- console.log(_([1, 2, 3]).value());
9. 字符串处理Underscore.String
安装underscore.string
js 代码:
- ~ D:\workspace\javascript\nodejs-underscore>npm install underscore.string
- npm http GET https://registry.npmjs.org/underscore.string
- npm http 304 https://registry.npmjs.org/underscore.string
- underscore.[email protected].3.3 node_modules\underscore.string
新建一个string.js,通过mixin()函数,让underscore.string和underscore集成统计实现_.fun()语法。
js 代码:
- ~ vi string.js
- var _ = require(‘underscore‘);
- _.str = require(‘underscore.string‘);
- _.mixin(_.str.exports());
字符串的数字格式化
js 代码:
- console.log(_.numberFormat(1000, 2));
- => 1,000.00
- console.log(_.numberFormat(123456789.123, 5, ‘.‘, ‘,‘));
- => 123,456,789.12300
- console.log(_(‘2.556‘).toNumber());
- => 3
- console.log(_(‘2.556‘).toNumber(2));
- => 2.56
- console.log(_.sprintf("%.1f", 1.17));
- => 1.2
字符串基础操作
js 代码:
- console.log(_.levenshtein(‘kitten‘, ‘kittah‘));
- => 2
- console.log(_.capitalize(‘epeli‘));
- => Epeli
- console.log(_.chop(‘whitespace‘, 3));
- => [ ‘whi‘, ‘tes‘, ‘pac‘, ‘e‘ ]
- console.log(_.clean(" foo bar "));
- => foo bar
- console.log(_.chars(‘Hello‘));
- => [ ‘H‘, ‘e‘, ‘l‘, ‘l‘, ‘o‘ ]
- console.log(_.swapCase(‘hELLO‘));
- => Hello
- console.log(_.str.include("foobar", "ob")); //不兼容API,需要用_.str.fun()
- => true
- console.log(_.str.reverse("foobar"));//不兼容API,需要用_.str.fun()
- => raboof
- console.log(_(‘Hello world‘).count(‘l‘));
- => 3
- console.log(_(‘Hello ‘).insert(6, ‘world‘));
- => Hello world
- console.log(_(‘‘).isBlank() && _(‘\n‘).isBlank() && _(‘ ‘).isBlank());
- => true
- console.log(_.join(",", "foo", "bar"));
- => foo,bar
- console.log(_.lines("Hello\nWorld"));
- => [ ‘Hello‘, ‘World‘ ]
- console.log(_("image.gif").startsWith("image"));
- => true
- console.log(_("image.gif").endsWith("gif"));
- => true
- console.log(_(‘a‘).succ());//指下编码的下一个
- => b
字符串变换
js 代码:
- console.log(_.repeat("foo", 3));
- => foofoofoo
- console.log(_.repeat("foo", 3, "bar"));
- => foobarfoobarfoo
- console.log(_.surround("foo", "ab"));
- => abfooab
- console.log(_.quote(‘foo‘, "#"));
- => #foo#
- console.log(_.unquote(‘"foo"‘));
- => foo
- console.log(_.unquote("‘foo‘", "‘"));
- => foo
- console.log(_.slugify("Un éléphant à l‘orée du bois"));
- => un-elephant-a-loree-du-bois
- console.log([‘foo20‘, ‘foo5‘].sort(_.naturalCmp));
- => [ ‘foo5‘, ‘foo20‘ ]
- console.log(_.toBoolean("true"));
- => true
- console.log(_.toBoolean("truthy", ["truthy"], ["falsy"]));
- => true
- console.log(_.toBoolean("true only at start", [/^true/]));
- => true
字符串替换,截断
js 代码:
- console.log(_(‘https://[email protected]/edtsech/underscore.strings‘).splice(30, 7, ‘epeli‘));
- => https://[email protected]/epeli/underscore.strings
- console.log(_.trim(" foobar "));
- => foobar
- console.log(_.trim("_-foobar-_", "_-"));
- => foobar
- console.log(_(‘Hello world‘).truncate(5));
- => Hello...
- console.log(_(‘Hello, world‘).prune(5));
- => Hello...
- console.log(_(‘Hello, world‘).prune(5, ‘ (read a lot more)‘));
- => Hello, world
- console.log(_.words(" I love you "));
- => [ ‘I‘, ‘love‘, ‘you‘ ]
- console.log(_.words("I-love-you", /-/));
- => [ ‘I‘, ‘love‘, ‘you‘ ]
- console.log(_(‘This_is_a_test_string‘).strRight(‘_‘));
- => is_a_test_string
- console.log(_(‘This_is_a_test_string‘).strRightBack(‘_‘));
- => string
- console.log(_(‘This_is_a_test_string‘).strLeft(‘_‘));
- => This
- console.log(_(‘This_is_a_test_string‘).strLeftBack(‘_‘));
- => This_is_a_test
字符串占位
js 代码:
- console.log(_.pad("1", 8));
- => 1
- console.log(_.pad("1", 8, ‘0‘));
- => 00000001
- console.log(_.pad("1", 8, ‘0‘, ‘right‘));
- => 10000000
- console.log(_.pad("1", 8, ‘bleepblorp‘, ‘both‘));
- => bbbb1bbb
- console.log(_.lpad("1", 8, ‘0‘));
- => 00000001
- console.log(_.rpad("1", 8, ‘0‘));
- => 10000000
- console.log(_.lrpad("1", 8, ‘0‘));
- => 00001000
字符串语义处理
js 代码:
- console.log(_.toSentence([‘jQuery‘, ‘Mootools‘, ‘Prototype‘]));
- => jQuery, Mootools and Prototype
- console.log(_.toSentence([‘jQuery‘, ‘Mootools‘, ‘Prototype‘], ‘, ‘, ‘ unt ‘));
- => jQuery, Mootools unt Prototype
- console.log(_.toSentenceSerial([‘jQuery‘, ‘Mootools‘]));
- => jQuery and Mootools
- console.log(_.toSentenceSerial([‘jQuery‘, ‘Mootools‘, ‘Prototype‘]));
- => jQuery, Mootools, and Prototype
- console.log(_(‘my name is epeli‘).titleize());
- => My Name Is Epeli
- console.log(_(‘-moz-transform‘).camelize());
- => MozTransform
- console.log(_(‘some_class_name‘).classify());
- => SomeClassName
- console.log(_(‘MozTransform‘).underscored());
- => moz_transform
- console.log(_(‘MozTransform‘).dasherize());
- => -moz-transform
- console.log(_(‘ capitalize dash-CamelCase_underscore trim ‘).humanize());
- => Capitalize dash camel case underscore trim
HTML相关操作
js 代码:
- console.log(_(‘<div>Blah blah blah</div>‘).escapeHTML());
- => <div>Blah blah blah</div>
- console.log(_(‘<div>Blah blah blah</div>‘).unescapeHTML());
- =><div>Blah blah blah</div>
- console.log(_(‘a <a href="#">link</a>‘).stripTags());
- =>a link
- console.log(_(‘a <a href="#">link</a><script>alert("hello world!")</script>‘).stripTags());
- =>a linkalert("hello world!")
10. 写在最后的话
写在最后的话,本来只是想列举一些函数的,做了3遍真是无从取舍,把API就直接搬过来了。Javascript有如此精巧而强大的类库,顿时让我感到Java的大而臃肿。每种语言的发展历程,确实让我看到了从底到顶的不一样,同时也造就了从顶到底也不一样。不管是代码风格,设计模式,思维模式,架构设计等等,所以掌握多门语言是非常重要的,各取其精华相互借鉴,最后才能让我们树立自己的想法,做出开山立派之大事。