1.IOC与DI简介
IOC全称是Inversion Of Control(控制反转),不是一种技术,只是一种思想,一个重要的面相对象编程的法则,它能知道我们如何设计出松耦合,更优良的程序。传统应用程序都是由我们在类内部主动创建依赖对象,从而导致类与类之
间高耦合,难于测试;有了IoC容器后,把创建和查找依赖对象的控制权交给了容器,由容器进行注入组合对象,所以对象与对象之间是松散耦合,这样也方便测试,利于功能复用,更重要的是使得程序的整个体系结构变得非常灵活。其实IoC
对编程带来的最大改变不是从代码上,而是从思想上,发生了“主从换位”的变化。应用程序原本是老大,要获取什么资源都是主动出击,但是在IoC/DI思想中,应用程序就变成被动的了,被动的等待IoC容器来创建并注入它所需要的资源
了。
IoC很好的体现了面向对象设计法则之—— 法则:“别找我们,我们找你”;即由IoC容器帮对象找相应的依赖对象并注入,而不是由对象主动去找。
DI全称是Dependency Injection(依赖注入),是组件之间依赖关系有容器在运行期决定,即由容器动态的将某个依赖关系注入到组件之中,依赖注入的目的并非软件系统带来更多的功能,
而是为了提升组件重用的频率,并为系统搭建一个灵活可扩展的平台。通过依赖注入机制,我们只需要通过简单的配置,而无需代码指定目标需要的资源,完成自身的业务逻辑,而不需要关心具体的资源来自何处
DI的关键是:“谁依赖谁,为什么需要依赖,谁注入水,注入了什么”
2.Unity IOC简介
Unity是一个IOC容器,用来实现依赖注入(DI)减少耦合,出自于微软。
组件地址:http://unity.codeplex.com/
3.使用Unity依赖注入编写Web ServiceDemo
a。使用NuGet程序包管理安装引用Unity
b。在Global.asax中配置容器
using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Web; using System.Web.Security; using System.Web.SessionState; using Microsoft.Practices.Unity; using WebServiceDemo.Impl; using WebServiceDemo.Interface; namespace WebServiceDemo { public class Global : System.Web.HttpApplication,IContainerAccessor { private static IUnityContainer _container; public static IUnityContainer Container { get { return _container; } set { _container = value; } } IUnityContainer IContainerAccessor.Container { get { return Container; } } protected void Application_Start(object sender, EventArgs e) { log4net.Config.XmlConfigurator.Configure(); CreateContainer(); } protected void Session_Start(object sender, EventArgs e) { } protected void Application_BeginRequest(object sender, EventArgs e) { } protected void Application_AuthenticateRequest(object sender, EventArgs e) { } protected void Application_Error(object sender, EventArgs e) { } protected void Session_End(object sender, EventArgs e) { } protected void Application_End(object sender, EventArgs e) { } protected virtual void CreateContainer() { IUnityContainer container = new UnityContainer(); container.RegisterType<IWebServiceDemo, WebServiceDemo>(); Container = container; } } }
c。创建服务接口基类
using Microsoft.Practices.Unity; using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Web; using WebServiceDemo.Interface; namespace WebServiceDemo.Services { public abstract class BaseService<T> :System.Web.Services.WebService where T:class { public BaseService() { InjectDependencies(); } protected virtual void InjectDependencies() { HttpContext context = HttpContext.Current; if (context == null) return; IContainerAccessor accessor = context.ApplicationInstance as IContainerAccessor; if (accessor == null) return; IUnityContainer container = accessor.Container; if (container==null) { throw new InvalidOperationException("Container on Global Application Class is Null. Cannot perform BuildUp."); } container.BuildUp(this as T); } } }
d。创建实现服务的接口和实现类
using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Text; using WebServiceDemo.Dto; namespace WebServiceDemo.Interface { public interface IWebServiceDemo { RespResult<ResultOutput> AddResult(int a,int b); } }
using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Web; using WebServiceDemo.customize; using WebServiceDemo.Dto; using WebServiceDemo.Interface; namespace WebServiceDemo.Impl { public class WebServiceDemoImpl : IWebServiceDemo { private static readonly ILog log = LogManager.GetLogger(typeof(BeingSweptServiceImpl)); public RespResult<ResultOutput> AddResult(int a,int b) { return a+b; } } }
e。创建配置Webservice
using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Web; using System.Web.Services; using WebServiceDemo.customize; using WebServiceDemo.Interface; using Microsoft.Practices.Unity; using WebServiceDemo.Dto; namespace WebServiceDemo.Services { /// <summary> /// Summary description for MainSweepService /// </summary> [WebService(Namespace = "http://tempuri.org/")] [WebServiceBinding(ConformsTo = WsiProfiles.BasicProfile1_1)] [System.ComponentModel.ToolboxItem(false)] // To allow this Web Service to be called from script, using ASP.NET AJAX, uncomment the following line. // [System.Web.Script.Services.ScriptService] public class ServiceDemoService : BaseService<ServiceDemoService> { [Dependency] public IWebServiceDemo _webServiceDemo { get; set; } public ServiceDemoService () : base() { } [WebMethod(Description ="加法")] public RespResult<ResultOutput> AddResult(int a,int b) { return this._webServiceDemo.AddResult(a,b); } } }
原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/TBW-Superhero/p/9667974.html