前言:
本文主要介绍如何在linux系统下安装mysql数据库及安装时遇到各种问题该如何解决;
本次安装使用的linux系统是centos,数据库版本是mysql-5.7。
一、安装前准备
root用户登录只linux服务器,在根目录下新建数据库安装目录 /software/mysql;数据库文件数据位置:/data/mysql(可以根据自己的习惯创建)
然后从oracle官网上下载mysql安装包;可以在自己电脑上先下载再上传到linux服务上,如果linux服务器可以访问外网,也可以直接使用wget命令下载,
将数据库安装原文件放过在/software文件夹下面,(/software/mysql-5.7.24-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz)
wget --no-check-certificate --no-cookies --header "Cookie: oraclelicense=accept-securebackup-cookie" https://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-5.7/mysql-5.7.24-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
安装文件准备好后将压缩包解压并重命名
tar -zxvf mysql-5.7.24-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
mv /software/mysql-5.7.21-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/ /software/mysql
创建mysql用户组和mysql用户
groupadd mysql
useradd -r -g mysql mysql
关联myql用户到mysql用户组中
chown -R mysql:mysql /software/mysql/
chown -R mysql:mysql /data/mysql/
chown -R mysql /software/mysql/
chown -R mysql /data/mysql
更改mysql安装文件夹mysql/的权限
chmod -R 755 /software/mysql/
安装libaio依赖包
首先查询是否已经安装了libaio包,(yum search libaio),如果已经安装了就不需要安装,若未安装 (yum install libaio)
二、数据库安装
初始化mysql
cd /software/mysql/bin
./mysqld --user=mysql --basedir=/software/mysql --datadir=/data/mysql --initialize
上面这条命令执行完特别注意一下提示:
[Note] A
temporary
password
is
generated
for
[email protected]: o*s#gqh)F4Ck
其中“o*s#gqh)F4Ck”是数据库root用户首次登陆的临时密码;
如果出现error while loading shared libraries: libnuma.so.1: cannot open shared objec错误是因为libnuma安装的是32位的,而当前系统是64位的,
则可以执行yum install numactl.x86_64命令,完后重新初始化mysql命令
启动mysql服务
启动服务之前先修改mysql配置文件
首先修改mysql.server文件
vim /software/mysql/support-files/mysql.server
将该文件中的“/usr/local”全部替换为“/software”
然后再修改my.cnf文件
#vi /etc/my.cnf
将下面内容复制替换当前的my.cnf文件中的内容
[client]
no-beep
socket =/software/mysql/mysql.sock
# pipe
# socket=0.0
port=3306
[mysql]
default-character-set=utf8
[mysqld]
basedir=/software/mysql
datadir=/data/mysql
port=3306
pid-file=/software/mysql/mysqld.pid
#skip-grant-tables
skip-name-resolve
socket = /software/mysql/mysql.sock
character-set-server=utf8
default-storage-engine=INNODB
explicit_defaults_for_timestamp = true
# Server Id.
server-id=1
max_connections=2000
query_cache_size=0
table_open_cache=2000
tmp_table_size=246M
thread_cache_size=300
#限定用于每个数据库线程的栈大小。默认设置足以满足大多数应用
thread_stack = 192k
key_buffer_size=512M
read_buffer_size=4M
read_rnd_buffer_size=32M
innodb_data_home_dir = /data/mysql
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit=0
innodb_log_buffer_size=16M
innodb_buffer_pool_size=256M
innodb_log_file_size=128M
innodb_thread_concurrency=128
innodb_autoextend_increment=1000
innodb_buffer_pool_instances=8
innodb_concurrency_tickets=5000
innodb_old_blocks_time=1000
innodb_open_files=300
innodb_stats_on_metadata=0
innodb_file_per_table=1
innodb_checksum_algorithm=0
back_log=80
flush_time=0
join_buffer_size=128M
max_allowed_packet=1024M
max_connect_errors=2000
open_files_limit=4161
query_cache_type=0
sort_buffer_size=32M
table_definition_cache=1400
binlog_row_event_max_size=8K
sync_master_info=10000
sync_relay_log=10000
sync_relay_log_info=10000
#批量插入数据缓存大小,可以有效提高插入效率,默认为8M
bulk_insert_buffer_size = 64M
interactive_timeout = 120
wait_timeout = 120
log-bin-trust-function-creators=1
sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLE
#
# include all files from the config directory
#
!includedir /etc/my.cnf.d
保存退出
然后再执行启动命令
sh /software/mysql/support-files/mysql.server start
若未修改配置文件就启动会报以下错误:
./support-files/mysql.server: line 239: my_print_defaults: command
not
found
./support-files/mysql.server: line 259: cd: /usr/
local
/mysql:
No
such file
or
directory
Starting MySQL ERROR! Couldn‘t find MySQL server (/usr/
local
/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe)
启动mysql
/etc/init.d/mysqld start
新版本的安装包可能会提示以下错误信息
Starting MySQL.Logging to ‘/data/mysql/SZY.err‘.
2018-07-02T10:09:03.779928Z mysqld_safe The file /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld
does not exist or is not executable. Please cd to the mysql installation
directory and restart this script from there as follows:
./bin/mysqld_safe&
See http://dev.mysql.com/doc/mysql/en/mysqld-safe.html for more information
ERROR! The server quit without updating PID file (/software/mysql/mysqld.pid).
这是因为新版本的mysql只认/usr/local/mysql这个路径
可以修改mysql_safe文件
vim /software/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe
将所有的/usr/local/mysql改为/software/mysql
登录mysql
/software/mysql/bin/mysql -u root –p
输入初始化mysql时生成的临时密码, for
[email protected]: o*s#gqh)F4Ck
修改登录密码
mysql set password=password(‘root‘);
mysql grant all privileges on *.* to [email protected]‘%‘ identified by ‘root‘;
mysql flush privileges;
完成,此时mysql的登录名和密码都是root。
三、安装问题解决
1、初始化生成的临时密码忘记了无法登录
停止mysql服务,删除/data/mysql文件夹下的文件,重新执行初始化命令;会重新生成一个临时密码。
2、启动mysql服务时提示my.cnf文件无法找到
原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/zhangyyaf/p/10252240.html