The risk premium is the return in excess of the risk-free rate of return that an investment is expected to yield. An asset‘s risk premium is a form of compensation for investors who tolerate the extra risk in an investment - compared to that of a risk-free asset.
There are three steps to calculating the risk premium: (1) estimate the expected return on your given stock, (2) estimate the expected return on a “risk-free” bond and (3) subtract the difference to get the risk premium.
Step 1 – Estimate Returns on a Stock
The earnings-based model says that expected return is equal to the earnings yield (the stock’s EPS for the last 12-months, divided by the current market price per share).
The dividend model says that expected return equals dividend yield (annual dividends per share / price per share) plus growth in dividends (all in a percentage).
Step 2 – Find the "Risk-Free" Rate
The nearest thing to a risk-free investment is a US Treasury bond. Choose a U.S. treasury bond whose time period matches the length of time within which your investment‘s return would be calculated.
Step 3 - Subtract the Estimated Bond Return from the Estimated Stock Return
The estimated stock return minus the estimated bond return equals the estimated equity risk premium.
A stock with an estimated return of 5% compared to a bond with a return of 2% would equal a 3% estimated risk premium. 5% - 2% = 3%. If the stock’s estimated return was less than a bond’s, then the bond would be the smarter choice, since it has less risk.
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对风险厌恶感强，就是承受同样的风险要求的收益会越高，即风险补偿越高。
举个例子：比如说，生活中一个男人讨厌洗碗的程度越高，那他做一个洗碗工要求的工资越高。也就是说，必须得有较高的诱惑才能让他洗碗。