PHP爬虫（3）PHP DOM开源代码里的大坑和字符编码

一、开源代码的问题

在PHP爬虫（2）中介绍了开源工程Sunra.PhpSimple.HtmlDomParser。在实际工作中发现一个问题，例如http://www.163.com的网页数据怎么也抓取不下来。

$url = "http://www.163.com";
$content = Http::request($url);
$dom = str_get_html($content);//dom返回值为false

检查simple_html_dom.php代码发现，

 if (empty($str) || strlen($str) > MAX_FILE_SIZE)
 {
       $dom->clear();
       return false;
 }

要判断加载字符串的长度。此处可以将MAX_FILE_SIZE修改更大一些，或者去除这个判断。

二、字符编码

网页抓取必然要处理网页内容，网页内容的编码有很多种，常见的UTF-8，GBK，GB2312等。通常处理的过程，首先判断字符编码，再转化成统一编码。

判断编码的代码，

function ws_mb_detect_encoding ($string, $enc=null, $ret=null) {       

        static $enclist = array( 

            ‘UTF-8‘, ‘GBK‘, ‘GB2312‘, ‘GB18030‘

        );
        $result = false;
        foreach ($enclist as $item) {
            //$sample = iconv($item, $item, $string);
            $sample = mb_convert_encoding($string,$item, $item);
            if (md5($sample) == md5($string)) {
                if ($ret === NULL) { $result = $item; } else { $result = true; }
                break;
            }
        }
return $result;
}

转化成UTF-8编码

$html = mb_convert_encoding($html,"UTF-8",$enc);
//enc是ws_mb_detect_encoding返回值

下面的代码，是从一个导航页面，抓取全部链接，找到链接文档的title信息

<?php
    Vendor(‘Sunra.PhpSimple.HtmlDomParser‘);
    $url = "http://hao.360.cn/";
    $html = file_get_html($url);
    $links = $html->find(‘a‘);
    $num = 0;
    $array = array();
    foreach ($links as $l) {
      if(strpos($l->href,"http")===0)
      {
        $url = $l->href;
        $pattern = "/(http|https):\/\/\S+?\//";//查找http，https开头
        $ret = preg_match($pattern, $url,$m);
        $url =$ret?$m[0]:$url;
        if(!array_search($url, $array))
        {
          $array[] = $url;
        }
        if(count($array)>30)
        {
          break;
        }
      }
    }
    foreach ($array as $url) {
      $html = false;
      $num = 0;
      while($html==false && $num<3)
      {
        $num++;
        $html = \Home\Wsn\Http::request($url);
      }
      if($html == false)
      {
        echo "无法获取网页数据<br>";continue;
      }
      $enc = ws_mb_detect_encoding($html);
      echo $enc."<br>";
      if($enc==false)
      {
        echo "编码错误<br>";continue;
      }
      elseif($enc!=‘UTF-8‘)
      {
        $html = mb_convert_encoding($html,"UTF-8",$enc);
      }
      $dom = str_get_html($html);
      $title = $dom->find(‘title‘,0);
      if($title){
        echo "标题".$title->innertext."<br>";
      }
      else{
        echo "没找到标题<br>";
      }
      echo "<hr>";
    }
?>

附录

封装好的HTTP类如下，喜欢的同学可以拿去直接使用。

<?php
　　public static function request($url, $params = array(), $method = ‘GET‘, $multi = false, $extheaders = array()) {
        if (!function_exists(‘curl_init‘)) exit(‘Need to open the curl extension‘);
        $method = strtoupper($method);
        $ci = curl_init();

        curl_setopt($ci, CURLOPT_USERAGENT, ‘PHP-SDK OAuth2.0‘);
        curl_setopt($ci, CURLOPT_CONNECTTIMEOUT, 3);
        curl_setopt($ci, CURLOPT_TIMEOUT, 3);
        curl_setopt($ci, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, true);
        curl_setopt($ci, CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYPEER, false);
        curl_setopt($ci, CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYHOST, false);
        curl_setopt($ci, CURLOPT_HEADER, false);

        $headers = (array)$extheaders;
        switch ($method) {
            case ‘POST‘:
                curl_setopt($ci, CURLOPT_POST, TRUE);
                if (!empty($params)) {
                    if ($multi) {
                        foreach ($multi as $key => $file) {
                            $params[$key] = ‘@‘ . $file;
                        }
                        curl_setopt($ci, CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS, $params);
                        $headers[] = ‘Expect: ‘;
                    } else {
                        curl_setopt($ci, CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS, http_build_query($params));
                    }
                }
                break;
            case ‘DELETE‘:
                $method == ‘DELETE‘ && curl_setopt($ci, CURLOPT_CUSTOMREQUEST, ‘DELETE‘);
                break;
            case ‘GET‘:
                if (!empty($params)) {
                    $url = $url . (strpos($url, ‘?‘) ? ‘&‘ : ‘?‘)
                        . (is_array($params) ? http_build_query($params) : $params);
                }
                break;
        }
        curl_setopt($ci, CURLINFO_HEADER_OUT, TRUE);
        curl_setopt($ci, CURLOPT_URL, $url);

        if ($headers) {
            curl_setopt($ci, CURLOPT_HTTPHEADER, $headers);
        }

        $response = curl_exec($ci);
        curl_close($ci);
        return $response;
    }
?>