首先查看javascript中的encodeURI和encodeURLComponent方法的区别.
encodeURI:不会对 ASCII 字母和数字进行编码，也不会对这些 ASCII 标点符号进行编码： - _ . ! ~ * ‘ ( ) 也不会对以下在 URI 中具有特殊含义的 ASCII 标点符 号，encodeURI() 函数是不会进行转义的：;/?:@&=+$,#
encodeURLComponent:不会对 ASCII 字母和数字进行编码，也不会对这些 ASCII 标点符号进行编码： - _ . ! ~ * ‘ ( )
而java中,URLEncoder.encode(string content,String enc) 方法:
不会对 ASCII 字母和数字进行编码，也不会对这些 ASCII 标点符号进行编码： - _ . *
参考代码如下:
dontNeedEncoding = new BitSet(256);
int i;
for (i = ‘a‘; i <= ‘z‘; i++) {
dontNeedEncoding.set(i);
}
for (i = ‘A‘; i <= ‘Z‘; i++) {
dontNeedEncoding.set(i);
}
for (i = ‘0‘; i <= ‘9‘; i++) {
dontNeedEncoding.set(i);
}
dontNeedEncoding.set(‘ ‘); /* encoding a space to a + is done
* in the encode() method */
dontNeedEncoding.set(‘-‘);
dontNeedEncoding.set(‘_‘);
dontNeedEncoding.set(‘.‘);
dontNeedEncoding.set(‘*‘);
如果我想要在java中对一个url进行编码,但是不对URI 中具有特殊含义的 ASCII 标点符号进行编码,需要在dontNeedEncoding中添加相关字符,创建自己的编码类MyURIEncode:
package com.sitech.solr.util;
import java.io.CharArrayWriter;
import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
import java.nio.charset.Charset;
import java.nio.charset.IllegalCharsetNameException;
import java.nio.charset.UnsupportedCharsetException;
import java.security.AccessController;
import java.util.BitSet;
import sun.security.action.GetPropertyAction;
public class MyURIEncoder {
static BitSet dontNeedEncoding;
static final int caseDiff = (‘a‘ - ‘A‘);
static String dfltEncName = null;
static {
/* The list of characters that are not encoded has been
* determined as follows:
*
* RFC 2396 states:
* -----
* Data characters that are allowed in a URI but do not have a
* reserved purpose are called unreserved. These include upper
* and lower case letters, decimal digits, and a limited set of
* punctuation marks and symbols.
*
* unreserved = alphanum | mark
*
* mark = "-" | "_" | "." | "!" | "~" | "*" | "‘" | "(" | ")"
*
* Unreserved characters can be escaped without changing the
* semantics of the URI, but this should not be done unless the
* URI is being used in a context that does not allow the
* unescaped character to appear.
* -----
*
* It appears that both Netscape and Internet Explorer escape
* all special characters from this list with the exception
* of "-", "_", ".", "*". While it is not clear why they are
* escaping the other characters, perhaps it is safest to
* assume that there might be contexts in which the others
* are unsafe if not escaped. Therefore, we will use the same
* list. It is also noteworthy that this is consistent with
* O‘Reilly‘s "HTML: The Definitive Guide" (page 164).
*
* As a last note, Intenet Explorer does not encode the "@"
* character which is clearly not unreserved according to the
* RFC. We are being consistent with the RFC in this matter,
* as is Netscape.
*
*/
dontNeedEncoding = new BitSet(256);
int i;
for (i = ‘a‘; i <= ‘z‘; i++) {
dontNeedEncoding.set(i);
}
for (i = ‘A‘; i <= ‘Z‘; i++) {
dontNeedEncoding.set(i);
}
for (i = ‘0‘; i <= ‘9‘; i++) {
dontNeedEncoding.set(i);
}
dontNeedEncoding.set(‘ ‘); /* encoding a space to a + is done
* in the encode() method */
dontNeedEncoding.set(‘-‘);
dontNeedEncoding.set(‘_‘);
dontNeedEncoding.set(‘.‘);
dontNeedEncoding.set(‘*‘);
//对以下在 URI 中具有特殊含义的 ASCII 标点符号 ;/?:@&=+$,# 不需要转义
dontNeedEncoding.set(‘;‘);
dontNeedEncoding.set(‘/‘);
dontNeedEncoding.set(‘?‘);
dontNeedEncoding.set(‘:‘);
dontNeedEncoding.set(‘@‘);
dontNeedEncoding.set(‘&‘);
dontNeedEncoding.set(‘=‘);
dontNeedEncoding.set(‘+‘);
dontNeedEncoding.set(‘$‘);
dontNeedEncoding.set(‘,‘);
dontNeedEncoding.set(‘#‘);
dfltEncName = AccessController.doPrivileged(
new GetPropertyAction("file.encoding")
);
}
/**
* You can‘t call the constructor.
*/
private MyURIEncoder() { }
public static String encode(String s, String enc)
throws UnsupportedEncodingException {
boolean needToChange = false;
StringBuffer out = new StringBuffer(s.length());
Charset charset;
CharArrayWriter charArrayWriter = new CharArrayWriter();
if (enc == null)
throw new NullPointerException("charsetName");
try {
charset = Charset.forName(enc);
} catch (IllegalCharsetNameException e) {
throw new UnsupportedEncodingException(enc);
} catch (UnsupportedCharsetException e) {
throw new UnsupportedEncodingException(enc);
}
for (int i = 0; i < s.length();) {
int c = (int) s.charAt(i);
//System.out.println("Examining character: " + c);
if (dontNeedEncoding.get(c)) {
if (c == ‘ ‘) {
c = ‘+‘;
needToChange = true;
}
//System.out.println("Storing: " + c);
out.append((char)c);
i++;
} else {
// convert to external encoding before hex conversion
do {
charArrayWriter.write(c);
/*
* If this character represents the start of a Unicode
* surrogate pair, then pass in two characters. It‘s not
* clear what should be done if a bytes reserved in the
* surrogate pairs range occurs outside of a legal
* surrogate pair. For now, just treat it as if it were
* any other character.
*/
if (c >= 0xD800 && c <= 0xDBFF) {
/*
System.out.println(Integer.toHexString(c)
+ " is high surrogate");
*/
if ( (i+1) < s.length()) {
int d = (int) s.charAt(i+1);
/*
System.out.println("\tExamining "
+ Integer.toHexString(d));
*/
if (d >= 0xDC00 && d <= 0xDFFF) {
/*
System.out.println("\t"
+ Integer.toHexString(d)
+ " is low surrogate");
*/
charArrayWriter.write(d);
i++;
}
}
}
i++;
} while (i < s.length() && !dontNeedEncoding.get((c = (int) s.charAt(i))));
charArrayWriter.flush();
String str = new String(charArrayWriter.toCharArray());
byte[] ba = str.getBytes(charset);
for (int j = 0; j < ba.length; j++) {
out.append(‘%‘);
char ch = Character.forDigit((ba[j] >> 4) & 0xF, 16);
// converting to use uppercase letter as part of
// the hex value if ch is a letter.
if (Character.isLetter(ch)) {
ch -= caseDiff;
}
out.append(ch);
ch = Character.forDigit(ba[j] & 0xF, 16);
if (Character.isLetter(ch)) {
ch -= caseDiff;
}
out.append(ch);
}
charArrayWriter.reset();
needToChange = true;
}
}
return (needToChange? out.toString() : s);
}
}
时间： 2024-10-21 16:46:49