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Symbols
|
+ |
plus |
/‘pl?s/ |
|
- |
minus |
/‘ma?n?s/ |
|
± |
plus or minus |
/‘pl?s ?: ‘ma?n?s/ |
|
x |
multiplied by |
/‘m?lt?pla?d ba?/ |
|
/ |
over; divided by |
/‘??v?/ /d?‘va?d?d/ |
|
÷ |
divided |
/d?‘va?d?d/ |
|
= |
equals |
/‘?:kw?lz/ |
|
≈ |
approximately, similar |
/?‘pr?ks?m?tl?/ /‘s?m?l? t?/ |
|
≡ |
equivalent to; identical |
/?k‘w?v?l?nt t?/ /a?‘dent?kl t?/ |
|
≠ |
not equal to |
/‘n?t ‘i?kw?l t?/ |
|
> |
greater than |
/‘gre?t? ð?n/ |
|
< |
less than |
/‘les ð?n/ |
|
≥ |
greater than or equal to |
/‘gre?t? ð?n ?r ‘i?kw?l t?/ |
|
≤ |
less than or equal to |
/‘les ð?n ?r‘ i?kw?l t?/ |
|
? |
not greater than |
/‘n?t ‘gre?t? ð?n/ |
|
? |
not less than |
/‘n?t ‘les ð?n/ |
|
? |
much greater than |
/‘m?? ‘gre?t? ð?n/ |
|
? |
much less than |
/‘m?? ‘les ð?n/ |
|
⊥ |
perpendicular to |
/p??p?n‘d?kj?l? t?/ |
|
∣∣ |
parallel to |
/‘pær?lel t?/ |
|
? |
not equivalent to, not identical to |
/‘n?t ?k‘w?v?l?nt t?/ /‘n?t a?‘dent?kl t?/ |
|
?? |
not similar to |
/‘n?t ‘s?m?l? t?/ |
|
² |
squared |
/‘skwe?d/ |
|
³ |
cubed |
/‘kju:bd/ |
|
4 |
to the fourth; to the power four |
/t? ð? ‘f??θ/ /te ð? ‘pɑ?? f??/ |
|
n |
to the n; to the nth; to the power n |
/t? ð? en; t? d? enθ; t? ð? pɑ??r en/ |
|
√ |
root; square root |
/ru:t/ /skwe? ru:t/ |
|
? |
cube root |
/kju:b ru:t/ |
|
? |
fourth root |
/f??θ ru?t/ |
|
! |
factorial |
/fæk‘t??r??l/ |
|
% |
percent |
/p?‘sent/ |
|
∞ |
infinity |
/?n‘f?n?t?/ |
|
∝ |
varies as; proportional to |
/‘v??r?z/ /pr?‘p????n?l/ |
|
˙ |
dot |
/d?t/ |
|
¨ |
double dot |
/d?bl d?t/ |
|
: |
is to, ratio of |
/re?????/ |
|
f(x) fx |
f; function |
/ef/ /‘f??k??n/ |
|
f‘(x) |
f dash; derivative |
/dæ?/ /d?‘r?v?t?v/ |
|
f‘‘x |
f double-dash; second derivative |
/‘d?bl dæ?/ /‘sek?nd d?‘r?v?t?v/ |
|
f‘‘‘(x) |
f triple-dash; f treble-dash; third derivative |
/‘tr?pl dæ?/ / trebl dæ?/ /θ?:d d?‘r?v?t?v/ |
|
f(4) |
f four; fourth derivative |
/f??θ d?‘r?v?t?v/ |
|
∂ |
partial derivative, delta |
/pa???l d?‘r?v?t?v/ /delt?/ |
|
∫ |
integral |
/‘?nt?gr?l/ |
|
∑ |
sum |
/s?m/ |
|
w.r.t. |
with respect to |
/w?ð ‘r?spekt/ |
|
log |
log |
/l?g/ |
|
log?x |
log to the base 2 of x |
/l?g t? ð? be?s tu: ?v eks/ |
|
∴ |
therefore |
/‘ð??f??/ |
|
∵ |
because |
/b?‘k?z/ |
|
→ |
gives, leads to, approaches |
/g?vz/ /li:dz t?/ /?pr????z/ |
|
/ |
per |
/p?:/ |
|
∈ |
belongs to; a member of; an element of |
/b?‘l??z/ /‘memb?/ /‘el?m?nt/ |
|
∉ |
does not belong to; is not a member of; is not an element of |
/n?t b?‘l??/ /n?t ? ‘memb?/ /n?t ?n ‘el?m?nt/ |
|
⊂ |
contained in; a proper subset of |
/k?n‘te?nd ?n/ /‘pr?p? ‘s?bset/ |
|
⊆ |
contained in; subset |
/‘s?bset/ |
|
? |
intersection |
/‘?nt?sek??n/ |
|
? |
union |
/‘ju?n??n/ |
|
∀ |
for all |
/f? r?:l/ |
|
cos x |
cos x; cosine x |
/k?z/ |
|
sin x |
sine x |
/sa?n/ |
|
tan x |
tangent x |
/tan/ |
|
cosec x |
cosec x |
/‘k??sek/ |
|
sinh x |
shine x |
/‘?a?n/ |
|
cosh x |
cosh x |
/‘k??/ |
|
tanh x |
than x |
/θæn/ |
|
|x| |
mod x; modulus x |
/m?d/ /‘m?dj?l?s/ |
|
℃ |
degrees Centigrade |
/d?‘gri:z ‘sent?gre?d/ |
|
℉ |
degrees Fahrenheit |
/d?‘gri:z ‘fær?nha?t/ |
|
°K |
degrees Kelvin |
/d?‘gri:z ‘kelv?n/ |
|
0°K, –273.15 °C |
absolute zero |
/abs?lu:t zi:r??/ |
|
mm |
millimetre |
/‘m?l?mi?t?/ |
|
cm |
centimetre |
/‘sent?mi?t?/ |
|
cc, cm³ |
cubic centimetre, centimetre cubed |
/‘kju?b?k ‘sent?mi?t?/ /‘sent?mi?t? ‘kju:bd/ |
|
m |
metre |
/‘mi?t?/ |
|
km |
kilometre |
/k?‘l?m?t?/ |
|
mg |
milligram |
/‘m?l?græm/ |
|
g |
gram |
/græm/ |
|
kg |
kilogram |
/‘k?l?græm/ |
|
AC |
A.C. |
/e? si:/ |
|
DC |
D.C. |
/di: si:/ |
Examples
|
x + 1 |
x plus one |
|
x -1 |
x minus one |
|
x ± 1 |
x plus or minus one |
|
xy |
x y; x times y; x multiplied by y |
|
(x — y)(x + y) |
x minus y, x plus y |
|
x/y |
x over y; x divided by y; |
|
x ÷ y |
x divided by y |
|
x = 5 |
x equals 5; x is equal to 5 |
|
x ≈ y |
x is approximately equal to y |
|
x ≡ y |
x is equivalent to y; x is identical with y |
|
x ≠ y |
x is not equal to y |
|
x > y |
x is greater than y |
|
x < y |
x is less than y |
|
x ≥ y |
x is greater than or equal to y |
|
x ≤ y |
x is less than or equal to y |
|
0 < x < 1 |
zero is less than x is less than 1; x is greater than zero and less than 1 |
|
0 ≤ x ≤ 1 |
zero is less than or equal to x is less than or equal to 1; x is greater than or equal to zero and less than or equal to 1 |
|
x² |
x squared |
|
x³ |
x cubed |
|
x4 |
x to the fourth; x to the power four |
|
xn |
x to the n; x to the nth; x to the power n |
|
x-n |
x to the minus n; x to the power of minus n |
|
√ |
root x; square root x; the square root of x |
|
? |
the cube root of x |
|
? |
the fourth root of x |
|
the nth root of x |
|
|
(x + y)² |
x plus y all squared |
|
(x/y)² |
x over y all squared |
|
n! |
n factorial; factorial n |
|
x% |
x percent |
|
∞ |
infinity |
|
x ∝ y |
x varies as y; x is (directly) proportional to y |
|
x ∝ 1/y |
x varies as one over y; x is indirectly proportional to y |
|
? |
x dot |
|
? |
x double dot |
|
f(x) fx |
f of x; the function of x |
|
f‘(x) |
f dash x; the (first) derivative of with respect to x |
|
f‘‘x |
f double-dash x; the second derivative of f with respect to x |
|
f‘‘‘(x) |
f triple-dash x; f treble-dash x; the third derivative of f with respect to x |
|
f(4) |
f four x; the fourth derivative of f with respect to x |
|
∂v |
the partial derivative of v |
|
∂v∂θ |
delta v by delta theta, the partial derivative of v with respect to θ |
|
∂²v∂θ² |
delta two v by delta theta squared; the second partial derivative of v with respect to θ |
|
dv |
the derivative of v |
|
dvdθ |
d v by d theta, the derivative of v with respect to theta |
|
d²vdθ² |
d 2 v by d theta squared, the second derivative of v with respect to theta, |
|
∫ |
integral |
|
integral from zero to infinity |
|
|
∑ |
sum |
|
the sum from i equals 1 to n |
|
|
w.r.t. |
with respect to |
|
logey |
log to the base e of y; log y to the base e; natural log (of) y |
|
∴ |
therefore |
|
∵ |
because |
|
→ |
gives, approaches |
|
Δx → 0 |
delta x approaches zero |
|
limΔx→0 |
the limit as delta x approaches zero, the limit as delta x tends to zero |
|
LtΔx→0 |
the limit as delta x approaches zero, the limit as delta x tends to zero |
|
m/sec |
metres per second |
|
x ∈ A |
x belongs to A; x is a member of A; x is an element of A |
|
x∉ A |
x does not belong to A; x is not a member of A; x is not an element of A |
|
A⊂ B |
A is contained in B; A is a proper subset of B |
|
A ⊆ B |
A is contained in B; A is a subset of B |
|
A ? B |
A intersection B |
|
A ? B |
A union B |
|
cos x |
cos x; cosine x |
|
sin x |
sine x |
|
tan x |
tangent x, tan x |
|
cosec x |
cosec x |
|
sinh x |
shine x |
|
cosh x |
cosh x |
|
tanh x |
than x |
|
|x| |
mod x; modulus x |
|
18 ℃ |
eighteen degrees Centigrade |
|
70 ℉ |
seventy degrees Fahrenheit |
Greek alphabet
|
Α |
α |
alpha |
/‘ælf?/ |
|
Β |
β |
beta |
/‘bi:t?/ |
|
Γ |
γ |
gamma |
/‘gæm?/ |
|
Δ |
δ |
delta |
/‘delt?/ |
|
Ε |
ε |
epsilon |
/‘epsil?n/ |
|
Ζ |
ζ |
zeta |
/‘zi?t?/ |
|
Η |
η |
eta |
/‘i?t?/ |
|
Θ |
θ |
theta |
/‘θi?t?/ |
|
Ι |
ι |
iota |
/a?‘??t?/ |
|
Κ |
κ |
kappa |
/‘kæp?/ |
|
Λ |
λ |
lamda |
/‘læmd?/ |
|
Μ |
μ |
mu |
/‘mju?/ |
|
Ν |
ν |
nu |
/‘nju?/ |
|
Ξ |
ξ |
xi |
/‘ksa?/ |
|
Ο |
ο |
omicron |
/‘??m?kr?n/ |
|
Π |
π |
pi |
/‘pa?/ |
|
Ρ |
ρς |
rho |
/‘r??/ |
|
Σ |
σ |
sigma |
/‘s?gm?/ |
|
Τ |
τ |
tau |
/‘tɑ?/ |
|
Υ |
υ |
upsilon |
/‘j?ps?l?n/ |
|
Φ |
φ |
phi |
/‘fa?/ |
|
Χ |
χ |
chi |
/‘ka?/ |
|
Ψ |
ψ |
psi |
/‘psa?/ |
|
Ω |
ω |
omega |
/‘??m?g?/ |
^
Roman alphabet
|
A |
a |
/‘e?/ |
|
B |
b |
/‘bi?/ |
|
C |
c |
/‘si?/ |
|
D |
d |
/‘di?/ |
|
E |
e |
/‘i?/ |
|
F |
f |
/‘ef/ |
|
G |
g |
/‘?i?/ |
|
H |
h |
/‘e??/ |
|
I |
i |
/‘a?/ |
|
J |
j |
/‘?e?/ |
|
K |
k |
/‘ke?/ |
|
L |
l |
/‘el/ |
|
M |
m |
/‘em/ |
|
N |
n |
/‘en/ |
|
O |
o |
/‘??/ |
|
P |
p |
/‘pi?/ |
|
Q |
q |
/‘kju?/ |
|
R |
r |
/‘ɑ?/ |
|
S |
s |
/‘es/ |
|
T |
t |
/‘ti:/ |
|
U |
u |
/‘ju:/ |
|
V |
v |
/‘vi:/ |
|
W |
w |
/‘d?blju?/ |
|
X |
x |
/‘eks/ |
|
Y |
y |
/‘wa?/ |
|
Z |
z |
/‘zed/ |
^
Fractions
|
½ |
a half |
/? ‘hɑ:f/ |
|
¼ |
a quarter |
/? ‘kw??t?/ |
|
¾ |
three quarters |
/θri? ‘kw??t?z/ |
|
? |
a third |
/? ‘θ?:d/ |
|
? |
two thirds |
/tu: ‘θ?:dz/ |
|
? |
a fifth |
/? ‘f?fθ/ |
|
? |
two fifths |
/tu: ‘f?fθs/ |
|
? |
three fifths |
/θri? ‘f?fθs/ |
|
? |
four fifths |
/f?? ‘f?fθs/ |
|
? |
a sixth |
/? ‘s?ksθ/ |
|
? |
five sixths |
/fa?v ‘s?ksθs/ |
|
? |
an eighth |
/?n ‘e?tθ/ |
|
? |
three eighths |
/θri? ‘e?tθs/ |
|
? |
five eighths |
/fa?v ‘e?tθs/ |
|
? |
seven eighths |
/sev?n ‘e?tθs/ |
^
Decimal Fractions
|
0.1 |
nought point one |
/n?:t p??nt w?n/ |
|
0.01 |
nought point oh one |
/n?:t p??nt ?? w?n/ |
|
0.0001 |
nought point oh oh oh one |
/ten p??nt ?? ?? ?? w?n/ |
|
1.1 |
one point one |
/w?n p??nt w?n/ |
|
1.2 |
one point two |
/w?n p??nt tu:/ |
|
1.23 |
one point two three |
/w?n p??nt tu: θri:/ |
|
1.0123 |
one point oh one two three |
/w?n p??nt ?? w?n tu: θri:/ |
|
10.01 |
ten point oh one |
/ten p??nt ?? w?n/ |
|
21.57 |
twenty-one point five seven |
/‘twent? w?n p??nt fa?v ‘sev?n/ |
|
2.6666666666.... |
two point six recurring |
/tu: p??nt s?ks r?‘k?:r??/ |
|
2.612361236123... |
two point six one two three recurring |
/tu: p??nt s?ks w?n tu: θri: r?‘k?:r??/ |
|
2.5 million |
two point five million |
/tu: p??nt fa?v ‘m?lj?n/ |
^
SI Units: Prefixes
|
10-24 |
yocto |
y |
/‘j?kt??/ |
|
10-21 |
zepto |
z |
/‘zept??/ |
|
10-18 |
atto |
a |
/‘at??/ |
|
10-15 |
femto |
f |
/‘femt??/ |
|
10-12 |
pico |
p |
/‘pi:k??/ |
|
10-9 |
nano |
n |
/‘nan??/ |
|
10-6 |
micro |
µ |
/‘ma?kr??/ |
|
10-3 |
milli |
m |
/‘m?l?/ |
|
10-2 |
centi |
c |
/‘sent?/ |
|
10-1 |
deci |
d |
/‘des?/ |
|
103 |
kilo |
k |
/‘k?l??/ |
|
106 |
mega |
M |
/‘meg?/ |
|
109 |
giga |
G |
/‘g?g?/ |
|
1012 |
tera |
T |
/‘ter?/ |
|
1015 |
peta |
P |
/‘pet?/ |
|
1018 |
exa |
E |
/‘eks?/ |
|
1021 |
zetta |
Z |
/‘zet?/ |
|
1024 |
yotta |
Y |
/‘j?t?/ |
|
1027 |
xona |
X |
/‘z??n?/ |
|
1030 |
weka |
W |
/‘wek?/ |
|
1033 |
vunda |
V |
/‘v?nd?/ |
^
Cardinal Numbers
|
1 |
one |
/w?n/ |
|
2 |
two |
/tu:/ |
|
3 |
three |
/θri:/ |
|
4 |
four |
/f??/ |
|
5 |
five |
/fa?v/ |
|
6 |
six |
/s?ks/ |
|
7 |
seven |
/‘sev?n/ |
|
8 |
eight |
/e?t/ |
|
9 |
nine |
/na?n/ |
|
10 |
ten |
/ten/ |
|
11 |
eleven |
/?‘lev?n/ |
|
12 |
twelve |
/twelv/ |
|
13 |
thirteen |
/θ?:‘ti:n/ |
|
14 |
fourteen |
/f??‘ti:n/ |
|
15 |
fifteen |
/f?f‘ti:n/ |
|
16 |
sixteen |
/s?kst‘i:n/ |
|
17 |
seventeen |
/seven‘ti:n/ |
|
18 |
eighteen |
/e?‘ti:n/ |
|
19 |
nineteen |
/na?n‘ti:n/ |
|
20 |
twenty |
/‘twent?/ |
|
21 |
twenty-one |
/twent?‘w?n/ |
|
22 |
twenty-two |
/twent?‘tu:/ |
|
23 |
twenty-three |
/twent?‘θri:/ |
|
24 |
twenty-four |
/twent?‘f??/ |
|
25 |
twenty-five |
/twent?‘fa?v/ |
|
26 |
twenty-six |
/twent?‘s?ks/ |
|
27 |
twenty-seven |
/twent?‘sev?n/ |
|
28 |
twenty-eight |
/twent?‘e?t/ |
|
29 |
twenty-nine |
/twent?‘na?n/ |
|
30 |
thirty |
/‘θ?:t?/ |
|
40 |
forty |
/‘f??t?/ |
|
50 |
fifty |
/‘f?ft?/ |
|
60 |
sixty |
/‘s?kst?/ |
|
70 |
seventy |
/‘sev?nt?/ |
|
80 |
eighty |
/‘e?t?/ |
|
90 |
ninety |
/‘na?nt?/ |
|
100 |
a hundred; one hundred |
/? ‘h?ndr?d/ /w?n ‘h?ndr?d/ |
|
101 |
a hundred and one |
/? ‘h?ndr?d ?n w?n/ |
|
102 |
a hundred and two |
/? ‘h?ndr?d ?n tu:/ |
|
110 |
a hundred and ten |
/? ‘h?ndr?d ?n ten/ |
|
120 |
a hundred and twenty |
/? ‘h?ndr?d ?n ‘twent?/ |
|
200 |
two hundred |
/tu: ‘h?ndr?d/ |
|
300 |
three hundred |
/θri: ‘h?ndr?d/ |
|
400 |
four hundred |
/f?? ‘h?ndr?d/ |
|
500 |
five hundred |
/fa?v ‘h?ndr?d/ |
|
600 |
six hundred |
/s?ks ‘h?ndr?d/ |
|
700 |
seven hundred |
/‘sev?n ‘h?ndr?d/ |
|
800 |
eight hundred |
/e?t ‘h?ndr?d/ |
|
900 |
nine hundred |
/na?n ‘h?ndr?d/ |
|
1 000 |
a thousand, one thousand |
/? θ‘ɑ?z?nd/ /w?n ‘θɑ?z?nd/ |
|
1 001 |
a thousand and one |
/? ‘θɑ?z?nd ?n w?n/ |
|
1 010 |
a thousand and ten |
/? ‘θɑ?z?nd ?n ten/ |
|
1 020 |
a thousand and twenty |
/? ‘θɑ?z?nd ?n ‘twent?/ |
|
1 100 |
one thousand, one hunded |
/w?n ‘θɑ?z?nd w?n ‘h?ndr?d/ |
|
1 101 |
one thousand, one hundred and one |
/w?n ‘θɑ?z?nd w?n ‘h?ndr?d ?n w?n/ |
|
1 110 |
one thousand, one hundred and ten |
/w?n ‘θɑ?z?nd w?n ‘h?ndr?d ?n ten/ |
|
9 999 |
nine thousand, nine hundred and ninety-nine |
/na?n ‘θɑ?z?nd na?n ‘h?ndr?d ?n ‘na?nt? ‘na?n/ |
|
10 000 |
ten thousand |
/ten ‘θɑ?z?nd/ |
|
15 356 |
fifteen thousand, three hundred and fifty six |
/‘f?fti:n ‘θɑ?z?nd θri: ‘h?ndr?d ?n ‘f?ft? s?ks/ |
|
100 000 |
a hundred thousand |
/? ‘h?ndr?d ‘θɑ?z?nd/ |
|
1 000 000 |
a million |
/? ‘m?lj?n/ |
|
100 000 000 |
a hundred million |
/? ‘h?ndr?d ‘m?lj?n/ |
|
1 000 000 000 |
a billion |
/? ‘b?lj?n/ |
|
100 000 000 000 |
a hundred billion |
/? ‘h?ndr?d ‘b?lj?n/ |
|
1 000 000 000 000 |
a trillion |
/? ‘tr?lj?n/ |
|
1 000 000 000 000 000 |
a quadrillion |
/? kw?dr?lj?n/ |
|
1 000 000 000 000 000 000 |
a quintillian |
/? kw?n‘t?lj?n/ |
|
1 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 |
a sextillion |
/? seks‘t?lj?n/ |
|
1 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 |
a septillion |
/? sep‘t?lj?n/ |
|
1 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 |
an ocillion |
/?n ?kt‘t?lj?n/ |
|
1 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 |
a nonillion |
/? n?n‘?lj?n/ |
|
1 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 |
a decillion |
/? de‘s?lj?n/ |
^
Ordinal Numbers
|
1st |
first |
/f?:st/ |
|
2nd |
second |
/‘sek?nd/ |
|
3rd |
third |
/θ?:d/ |
|
4th |
fourth |
/f?:θ/ |
|
5th |
fifth |
/f?fθ/ |
|
6th |
sixth |
/s?ksθ/ |
|
7th |
seventh |
/‘sev?nθ/ |
|
8th |
eighth |
/e?tθ/ |
|
9th |
ninth |
/na?nθ/ |
|
10th |
tenth |
/tenθ/ |
|
11th |
eleventh |
/?‘lev?nθ/ |
|
12th |
twelfth |
/‘twelfθ/ |
|
13th |
thirteenth |
/θ?:‘ti:nθ/ |
|
14th |
fourtheenth |
/f??‘ti:nθ/ |
|
15th |
fidteenth |
/f?f‘ti:nθ/ |
|
16th |
sixteenth |
/s?ks‘ti:nθ/ |
|
17th |
seventeenth |
/seven‘ti:nθ/ |
|
18th |
eighteenth |
/e?‘ti:nθ/ |
|
19th |
nineteenth |
/na?n‘ti:nθ/ |
|
20th |
twentieth |
/‘twent??θ/ |
|
21st |
twenty-first |
/twent?‘f?:st/ |
|
22nd |
twenty-second |
/twent?‘sek?nd/ |
|
23rd |
twenty-third |
/twent?‘θ?:d/ |
|
24th |
twenty-fourth |
/twent?‘f?:θ/ |
|
25th |
twenty-fifth |
/twent?‘f?fθ/ |
|
26th |
twenty-sixth |
/twent?‘s?ksθ/ |
|
27th |
twenty-seventh |
/twent?‘sev?nθ/ |
|
28th |
twenty-eighth |
/twent?‘e?tθ/ |
|
29th |
twenty-ninth |
/twent?‘na?nθ/ |
|
30th |
thirtieth |
/‘θ??t??θ/ |
|
31st |
thirty-first |
/θ??t?‘f?:st/ |
|
40th |
fortieth |
/‘f?:t??θ/ |
|
50th |
fiftieth |
/‘f?ft??θ/ |
|
100th |
hundredth |
/‘h?ndr?dθ/ |
|
1 000th |
thousandth |
/‘θɑ?z?ndθ/ |
|
1 000 000th |
millionth |
/‘m?lj?nθ/ |
时间： 2024-10-18 08:59:16