--1、while循环
declare @sum int
declare @i int
set @i=1
set @sum=0
while(@i<101)
begin
set @sum [email protected]+@i
set @[email protected]+1
if(@i>90)
print @i
end
print @sum--2、goto语句
declare @num int
set @num=100
flag:
print @num
select @[email protected]+1
while(@num<106)goto flag
print ‘------------------‘
print @num--3、表变量
declare @mytable table(nam nvarchar(50),num nvarchar(50))
insert into @mytable select ClassName,ClassNum from dbo.tb_Class
select * from @mytable
--4、局部临时表,全局临时表
--局部临时表
create table #temp_tb(
id int,
pwd nvarchar(50)
)--全局临时表
create table ##temp_tb(
id int,
pwd nvarchar(50)
)--5、批量导入数据并创建临时表
select ClassName,ClassNum into #temp from dbo.tb_Class
select * from #temp--6、区间查询 between and (not between and)
select * from tb_class where classnum between 1200 and 1500
select * from tb_class where classnum not between 1200 and 1500
--7、in变量,is null is not null,去重复distinct
--8、随机查询、子查询
select top 1 * from tb_class order by newid()
--9、行号
select ‘行号‘=identity(int,1,1),classname,classnum into #temp from tb_class
select * from #temp--模糊查询 like not like "% _ []"通配符
select * from tb_class where className like ‘高%[^三]‘
select * from tb_class where des like ‘[a-z]%‘
select * from tb_class where ClassNum like ‘[^1]%‘
select * from tb_class where des like ‘%100/%%‘ escape ‘/‘
select * from tb_class where des+ClassName like ‘%[二在]%‘
--case 语句、类型转换 cast显示转换
select *,班级=
case
when ClassNum>1500 then ‘大班‘
when ClassNum=1500 then ‘中班‘
when ClassNum<1500 then cast(ClassNum as nvarchar(20))
end
from tb_class--类型转换 1,cast 2,Convert
select convert(nvarchar(20),getdate(),111)as 时间格式--去除空格 rtrim ltrim
select ltrim(‘ 中国 人 ‘)as title
--截取字符串substring
select substring(‘中华人民共和国‘,3,2) as title
--字符插入sutff
select stuff(‘中华共和国‘,3,0,‘人民‘) as title
--计算字符长度 len
select len(‘中华人民共和国‘)--字符串大小写lower upper
--字符串替换replace
select replace(‘中*华*人*民*共*和*国‘,‘*‘,‘-‘)--获取字符所在位置
select substring(‘010-99998888‘,0,charindex(‘-‘,‘010-99998888‘))
--日期函数
select year(getdate())
select month(getdate())
select day(getdate())
select datepart(year,getdate())
select datepart(hh,getdate())select datename(dw,getdate()) as 今天星期几
select datename(ww,getdate()) as 本周是一年的第几周
select datename(yy,getdate()) as 年份
select datename(dy,getdate()) as 今天是一年中的第几天
select datediff(d,‘2012-11-27‘,‘2012-11-30‘) as 相差天数
select datediff(hh,‘2012-11-27‘,‘2012-11-30‘) as 相差小时select getdate(),dateadd(d,3,getdate()) as 增加三天
select getdate(),dateadd(hh,3,dateadd(d,3,getdate())) as 增加三天在增加三小时--排序order by 笔画排序:Chinese_prc_stroke_cs_as_ks_ws,音序排序:chinese_prc_cs_as
select * from tb_class order by des collate Chinese_prc_stroke_cs_as_ks_ws
select * from tb_class order by des collate Chinese_prc_cs_as
--动态排序
declare @myorder int
set @myorder=2
select * from tb_class order by case @myorder
when 1 then classnum
when 2 then id
end
desc--聚合函数,where(作用单行) 和 having(作用多行)区别
select count(distinct classname) from tb_class
--游标 sql语句面向一个集合操作,游标面向逐条记录的操作
declare cur_s cursor
for select * from tb_class
for read only --只读游标
for update of classname--更新游标declare @cur_ss cursor--游标变量
open cur_s
fetch next from cur_s
while @@FETCH_STATUS=0
begin
fetch next from cur_s
endclose cur_s
--释放游标
deallocate cur_s--存储过程是一组为了完成特定功能的SQL语句集合,创建Create、修改Alter、删除Drop
create procedure GetClassInfo
(
@id int,
@ClassName nvarchar(50),
@Sum int output--存储过程返回值一种情况
)
as
begin
select @Sum=sum(ClassNum)from tb_Class where id>@id and ClassName=@ClassName
declare @AllSum int
select @AllSum=sum(ClassNum)from tb_Class
return @AllSum--存储过程返回值另一种情况
end
go
declare @sum int
declare @AllSum int
EXEC @AllSum=GetClassInfo 1,‘高三‘,@sum output
select @sum as 总数,@AllSum as 全部总数--重命名存储过程
exec sp_rename ‘GetClassInfo‘,‘ReNameGetInfo‘
--监视存储过程
exec sp_monitor
--返回参数含义
-- *last_run: 上次运行时间
--
-- *current_run:本次运行的时间
--
-- *seconds: 自动执行存储过程后所经过的时间
--
-- *cpu_busy:计算机CPU处理该存储过程所使用的时间
--
-- *io_busy:在输入和输出操作上花费的时间
--
-- *idle:SQL Server已经空闲的时间
--
-- *packets_received:SQL Server读取的输入数据包数
--
-- *packets_sent:SQL Server写入的输出数据包数
--
-- *packets_error:SQL Server在写入和读取数据包时遇到的错误数
--
-- *total_read: SQL Server读取的次数
--
-- *total_write: SQLServer写入的次数
--
-- *total_errors: SQL Server在写入和读取时遇到的错误数
--
-- *connections:登录或尝试登录SQL Server的次数--自动执行存储过程
--sp_procoption [@procName=] ‘procedure‘, [@optionName=] ‘option‘, [@optionValue=] ‘value‘
-- [@procName=] ‘procedure‘: 即自动执行的存储过程
--
-- [@optionName=] ‘option‘:其值是startup,即自动执行存储过程
--
-- [@optionValue=] ‘value‘:表示自动执行是开(true)或是关(false)
exec sp_procoption @procName=‘masterproc‘, @optionName=‘startup‘, @optionValue=‘true‘--自定义函数
--标量函数
create function myfunAdd(@a int,@b int)
returns int
as
begin
declare @c int
set @[email protected]+@b
return @c
end
go
declare @a1 int,
@b1 int,
@c1 int
set @a1=8
set @b1=7
set @c1=School.dbo.myfunAdd(@a1,@b1)
print @c1--表值函数
create function GetTable()
returns table
as
return (select * from tb_class)select * from School.dbo.GetTable()
--触发器,特殊的存储过程,嵌套触发器、递归触发器
create trigger mytrigger
on tb_Class
for update,delete,insert--三种触发器
as
update tb_student set age=age+1 where id =1update tb_Class set des=‘???‘ where id =1
delete from tb_Class where id=6--事务
begin try
begin transaction
insert into tb_class values(‘特色班‘,100,‘描述‘)
insert into tb_student([name],sex,age,classid) values(‘小刘‘,1,22,5)
commit transaction
end try
begin catch
rollback
end catch--保存事务
begin transaction
insert into tb_class values(‘特色二班‘,100,‘描述‘)
insert into tb_student([name],sex,age,classid) values(‘小二‘,1,22,5)
save transaction save1
insert into tb_class values(‘特色三班‘,100,‘描述‘)
insert into tb_student([name],sex,age,classid) values(‘小叁‘,1,22,5)
rollback transaction save1
commit transaction--事务并发控制
begin tran
select * from dbo.tb_Class with(holdlock)
waitfor delay ‘00:00:10‘
commit tranupdate tb_Class set ClassNum=200 where id=12
select * from tb_Class--视图
--创建约束,主键约束、外键约束、唯一约束、check约束、default约束
--创建表设置字段
create table ss
(
id int identity(1,1) not null constraint pk_id primary key)
--修改表设置字段
alter table dbo.tb_Class
add constraint pk_id primary key(id)
-- drop constraint pk_id --删除主键
--add constraint un_ss unique(id)--唯一约束
add constraint ch_sex check (like ‘[0-1]‘)
add constraint de_sex default 1 for sexalter table dbo.tb_student
add constraint fk_classid
foreign key(classid)
references tb_Class (id)
sql基础复习