代码版本控制Git工具使用详解

一、Git简介

• Git是一个开源的分布式版本控制系统，用于敏捷高效地处理任何或小或大的项目。
• Git 是 Linus Torvalds 为了帮助管理 Linux 内核开发而开发的一个开放源码的版本控制软件。
• Git 与常用的版本控制工具 CVS, Subversion 等不同，它采用了分布式版本库的方式，不必服务器端软件支持。

二、Git安装

1.centos7安装Git

[[email protected] ~]# yum install -y git

2.查看安装的Git版本

[[email protected] ~]# git --version
git version 1.8.3.1

3.创建git安装目录并初始化

[[email protected] ~]# mkdir /data/git/
[[email protected] ~]# cd /data/git/
[[email protected] git]# git init
Initialized empty Git repository in /data/git/.git/

初始化后在该目录下会生成.git隐藏目录

[[email protected] git]# ls -la
total 0
drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root  18 Apr  8 09:07 .
drwxr-xr-x. 5 root root  45 Apr  8 09:05 ..
drwxr-xr-x. 7 root root 119 Apr  8 09:07 .git
[[email protected] git]# ls .git/
branches  config  description  HEAD  hooks  info  objects  refs

4.新建一个test.txt测试文件

[[email protected] git]# vim test.txt

123abc

把本地test.txt文件添加到git仓库

[[email protected] git]# git add test.txt

add后必须执行commit才能真正把文件提交到git仓库里

[[email protected] git]# git commit -m "add new file test.txt"

*** Please tell me who you are.

Run

  git config --global user.email "[email protected]"
  git config --global user.name "Your Name"

to set your account‘s default identity.
Omit --global to set the identity only in this repository.

fatal: unable to auto-detect email address (got ‘[email protected](none)‘)

修改test.txt

[[email protected] git]# vim test.txt 

123abc
456789

[[email protected] git]# git add test.txt
[[email protected] git]# git commit -m "add new file test.txt"

*** Please tell me who you are.

Run

  git config --global user.email "[email protected]"
  git config --global user.name "Your Name"

to set your account‘s default identity.
Omit --global to set the identity only in this repository.

fatal: unable to auto-detect email address (got ‘[email protected](none)‘)

查看当前仓库中的状态是否有改动的文件

[[email protected] git]# git status
# On branch master
#
# Initial commit
#
# Changes to be committed:
#   (use "git rm --cached <file>..." to unstage)
#
#   new file:   test.txt
#
# Changes not staged for commit:
#   (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
#   (use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)
#
#   modified:   test.txt
#
# Untracked files:
#   (use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)
#
#   .test.txt.swp

原文地址：http://blog.51cto.com/liuleis/2095524