12.17 Nginx负载均衡
在upstream下定义多个ip
如何查到网站解析的ip？——使用dig命令 需要安装bind-utils
[[email protected] ~]# yum install -y bind-utils （过程省略） [[email protected] ~]# dig qq.com
(这是网站的两台服务器ip)
[[email protected] vhost]# vim ld.conf
ip_hash 网站有两台服务器提供服务，想让始终访问一台服务器，用ip_hash
[[email protected] vhost]# curl -x127.0.0.1:80 www.sina.com.cn This is the default site.##回会去访问默认虚拟主机 [[email protected] vhost]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t [[email protected] vhost]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload [[email protected] vhost]# curl -x127.0.0.1:80 www.sina.com.cn
(内容太多，是网站源码)
12.18 ssl原理
·浏览器发送一个https的请求给服务器；
·服务器要有一套数字证书，可以自己制作，也可以向组织申请，区别就是自己颁发的证书需要客户端验证通过，才可以继续访问，而使用受信任的公司申请的证书则不会弹出>提示页面，这套证书其实就是一对公钥和私钥；
·服务器会把公钥传输给客户端；
·客户端（浏览器）收到公钥后，会验证其是否合法有效，无效会有警告提醒，有效则会生成一串随机数，并用收到的公钥加密；
·客户端把加密后的随机字符串传输给服务器；
·服务器收到加密随机字符串后，先用私钥解密（公钥加密，私钥解密），获取到这一串随机数后，再用这串随机字符串加密传输的数据（该加密为对称加密，所谓对称加密，就是将数据和私钥也就是这个随机字符串>通过某种算法混合在一起，这样除非知道私钥，否则无法获取数据内容）；
服务器把加密后的数据传输给客户端；
·客户端收到数据后，再用自己的私钥也就是那个随机字符串解密；
12.19 生成ssl密钥对
[[email protected] vhost]# cd /usr/local/nginx/conf/ ##公钥和私钥放到conf下 [[email protected] conf]# openssl genrsa -des3 -out tmp.key 2048 ##生成私钥 Generating RSA private key, 2048 bit long modulus ......+++ ...................................................+++ e is 65537 (0x10001) Enter pass phrase for tmp.key: Verifying - Enter pass phrase for tmp.key: [[email protected] conf]# openssl rsa -in tmp.key -out arsenal.key Enter pass phrase for tmp.key: ##转换key，取消密码 writing RSA key [[email protected] conf]# rm -f tmp.key ##删除 [[email protected] conf]# openssl req -new -key arsenal.key -out arsenal.csr
生成证书请求文件，需要拿这个文件和私钥一起生产公钥文件
[[email protected] conf]# openssl x509 -req -days 365 -in arsenal.csr -signkey arsenal.key -out arsenal.crt Signature ok subject=/C=cn/ST=nj/L=nj/O=60/CN=arsenal/[email protected] Getting Private key [[email protected] conf]# ls arsenal.crt fastcgi.conf fastcgi_params.default koi-win nginx.conf scgi_params.default vhost arsenal.csr fastcgi.conf.default htpasswd mime.types nginx.conf.bak uwsgi_params win-utf arsenal.key fastcgi_params koi-utf mime.types.default scgi_params uwsgi_params.default
12.20 Nginx配置ssl
[[email protected] conf]# mkdir /data/wwwroot/aming.com [[email protected] vhost]# cd /usr/local/nginx/conf/vhost/ [[email protected] vhost]# vim ssl.conf
[[email protected] vhost]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t nginx：[emerg] unknown directive "ssl" in /usr/local/nginx/conf/vhost/ssl.conf:7 nginx:configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test failed
若报错unknown directive “ssl” ，nginx可能不支持ssl，需要重新编译nginx，加上--with-http_ssl_module
[[email protected] vhost]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -V nginx version: nginx/1.12.2 built by gcc 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-16) (GCC) built with OpenSSL 1.0.2k-fips 26 Jan 2017 TLS SNI support enabled configure arguments: --prefix=/usr/local/nginx [[email protected] nginx-1.12.2]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --with-http_ssl_module （编译过程省略） [[email protected] vhost]# make && make install （过程省略） [[email protected] vhost]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -V nginx version: nginx/1.12.2 built by gcc 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-16) (GCC) built with OpenSSL 1.0.2k-fips 26 Jan 2017 TLS SNI support enabled configure arguments: --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --with-http_ssl_module [[email protected] vhost]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful [[email protected] vhost]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload [[email protected] vhost]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful [[email protected] vhost]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload [[email protected] vhost]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx restart nginx: invalid option: "restart" [[email protected] vhost]# /etc/init.d/nginx restart Restarting nginx (via systemctl): [ 确定 ] [[email protected] vhost]# netstat -lntp Active Internet connections (only servers) Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program name tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:80 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 4252/nginx: master tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 797/sshd tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:25 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1083/master tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:443 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 4252/nginx: master tcp6 0 0 :::22 :::* LISTEN 797/sshd tcp6 0 0 ::1:25 :::* LISTEN 1083/master tcp6 0 0 :::3306 :::* LISTEN 1044/mysqld
(监听端口443启用)
[[email protected] vhost]# cd /data/wwwroot/aming.com/ [[email protected] arsenal.com]# vim index.html [[email protected] arsenal.com]# curl -x127.0.0.1:443 https://aming.com curl: (56) Received HTTP code 400 from proxy after CONNECT [[email protected] arsenal.com]# vim /etc/hosts
[[email protected] arsenal.com]# curl https://aming.com
（证书不可信任，但实际上已经配置成功了）
在windows的hosts中添加192.168.65.128 aming.com
打开浏览器，访问https://aming.com
高级——>自己前往
写到快1点，实在是有点困，笔记有点匆忙，待时间充裕再更新
如有错误，欢迎指正，互相学习，共同进步！！！
原文地址：http://blog.51cto.com/11530642/2087803
时间： 2024-11-07 18:44:17