本文记录了ubuntu下使用源码手动安装opencv的过程。步骤来自opencv官网

此外记录了在python中安装及载入opencv的方法。

1、安装opencv所需的库（编译器、必须库、可选库）

转载请说明http://www.cnblogs.com/llxrl/p/4471831.html

• GCC 4.4.x or later
• CMake 2.6 or higher
• Git
• GTK+2.x or higher, including headers (libgtk2.0-dev)
• pkg-config
• Python 2.6 or later and Numpy 1.5 or later with developer packages (python-dev, python-numpy)
• ffmpeg or libav development packages: libavcodec-dev, libavformat-dev, libswscale-dev
• [optional] libtbb2 libtbb-dev
• [optional] libdc1394 2.x
• [optional] libjpeg-dev, libpng-dev, libtiff-dev, libjasper-dev, libdc1394-22-dev

1 [compiler] sudo apt-get install build-essential
2 [required] sudo apt-get install cmake git libgtk2.0-dev pkg-config libavcodec-dev libavformat-dev libswscale-dev
3 [optional] sudo apt-get install python-dev python-numpy libtbb2 libtbb-dev libjpeg-dev libpng-dev libtiff-dev libjasper-dev libdc1394-22-dev

2、从官网下载最新opencv源码（2.4以上）

http://sourceforge.net/projects/opencvlibrary/

或者github

3、编译opencv

将opencv放至任意目录，解压

unzip opencv-3.0.0-rc1.zip

创建编译目录，编译

cd ~/opencv-3.0.0-rc1
mkdir release
cd release
cmake -D CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=RELEASE -D CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local ..
make
sudo make install

4、测试opencv

1) 创建工作目录

mkdir ~/opencv-lenacd ~/opencv-lenagedit DisplayImage.cpp

2) 编辑如下代码

#include <stdio.h>
#include <opencv2/opencv.hpp>

using namespace cv;

int main(int argc, char** argv )
{
    if ( argc != 2 )
    {
        printf("usage: DisplayImage.out <Image_Path>\n");
        return -1;
    }

    Mat image;
    image = imread( argv[1], 1 );

    if ( !image.data )
    {
        printf("No image data \n");
        return -1;
    }
    namedWindow("Display Image", WINDOW_AUTOSIZE );
    imshow("Display Image", image);

    waitKey(0);

    return 0;
}

3) 创建CMake编译文件

gedit CMakeLists.txt

写入如下内容

cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 2.8)
project( DisplayImage )
find_package( OpenCV REQUIRED )
add_executable( DisplayImage DisplayImage.cpp )
target_link_libraries( DisplayImage ${OpenCV_LIBS} )

4) 编译

cd ~/opencv-lena
cmake .
make

5) 执行

此时opencv-lena文件夹中已经产生了可执行文件DisplayImage，下载lena.jpg放在opencv-lena下，运行

./DisplayImage lena.jpg

6) 结果

5、安装python-opencv

可直接使用apt安装

sudo apt-get install python-opencv
sudo apt-get install python-numpy

测试:

打开python，import cv模块成功即可。

import cv