Spring Framework 4.3
Spring Boot 1.4 builds on and requires Spring Framework 4.3. There are a number of nice refinements in Spring Framework 4.3 including new Spring MVC @RequestMapping annotations. Refer to the Spring Framework reference documentation for details.
Note that the test framework in Spring Framework 4.3 requires JUnit 4.12. See SPR-13275 for further details.
Third-party library upgrades
A number of third party libraries have been upgraded to their latest version. Updates include Jetty 9.3, Tomcat 8.5, Jersey 2.23, Hibernate 5.0, Jackson 2.7, Solr 5.5, Spring Data Hopper, Spring Session 1.2, Hazelcast 3.6, Artemis 1.3, Ehcache 3.1, Elasticsearch 2.3, Spring REST Docs 1.1, Spring AMQP 1.6 & Spring Integration 4.3.
Several Maven plugins were also upgraded.
Couchbase support
Full auto-configuration support is now provided for Couchbase. You can easily access a Bucketand Cluster bean by adding the spring-boot-starter-data-couchbase "Starter" and providing a little configuration:
spring.couchbase.bootstrap-hosts=my-host-1,192.168.1.123 spring.couchbase.bucket.name=my-bucket spring.couchbase.bucket.password=secret
It’s also possible to use Couchbase as a backing store for a Spring Data Repository or as aCacheManager. Refer to the updated documentation for details.
Neo4J Support
Auto-configuration support is now provided for Neo4J. You can connect to a remote server or run an embedded Neo4J server. You can also use Neo4J to back a Spring Data Repository, for example:
public interface CityRepository extends GraphRepository { Page findAll(Pageable pageable); City findByNameAndCountry(String name, String country); }
Full details are provided in the Neo4J section of the reference documentation.
Redis Spring Data repositories
Redis can now be used to back Spring Data repositories. See the Spring Data Redis documentation for more details.
Narayana transaction manager support
Auto-configuration support is now included for the Narayana transaction manager. You can choose between Narayana, Bitronix or Atomkos if you need JTA support. See the updated reference guidefor details.
Caffeine cache support
Auto-configuration is provided for Caffeine v2.2 (a Java 8 rewrite of Guava’s caching support). Existing Guava cache users should consider migrating to Caffeine as Guava cache support will be dropped in a future release.
Elasticsearch Jest support
Spring Boot auto-configures a JestClient and a dedicated HealthIndicator if Jest is on the classpath. This allows you to use Elasticsearch even when spring-data-elasticsearch isn’t on the classpath.
Analysis of startup failures
Spring Boot will now perform analysis of common startup failures and provide useful diagnostic information rather than simply logging an exception and its stack trace. For example, a startup failure due to the embedded servlet container’s port being in use looked like this in earlier versions of Spring Boot:
2016-02-16 17:46:14.334 ERROR 24753 --- [ main] o.s.boot.SpringApplication : Application startup failed java.lang.RuntimeException: java.net.BindException: Address already in use at io.undertow.Undertow.start(Undertow.java:181) ~[undertow-core-1.3.14.Final.jar:1.3.14.Final] at org.springframework.boot.context.embedded.undertow.UndertowEmbeddedServletContainer.start(UndertowEmbeddedServletContainer.java:121) ~[spring-boot-1.3.2.RELEASE.jar:1.3.2.RELEASE] at org.springframework.boot.context.embedded.EmbeddedWebApplicationContext.startEmbeddedServletContainer(EmbeddedWebApplicationContext.java:293) ~[spring-boot-1.3.2.RELEASE.jar:1.3.2.RELEASE] at org.springframework.boot.context.embedded.EmbeddedWebApplicationContext.finishRefresh(EmbeddedWebApplicationContext.java:141) ~[spring-boot-1.3.2.RELEASE.jar:1.3.2.RELEASE] at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.refresh(AbstractApplicationContext.java:541) ~[spring-context-4.2.4.RELEASE.jar:4.2.4.RELEASE] at org.springframework.boot.context.embedded.EmbeddedWebApplicationContext.refresh(EmbeddedWebApplicationContext.java:118) ~[spring-boot-1.3.2.RELEASE.jar:1.3.2.RELEASE] at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.refresh(SpringApplication.java:766) [spring-boot-1.3.2.RELEASE.jar:1.3.2.RELEASE] at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.createAndRefreshContext(SpringApplication.java:361) [spring-boot-1.3.2.RELEASE.jar:1.3.2.RELEASE] at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.run(SpringApplication.java:307) [spring-boot-1.3.2.RELEASE.jar:1.3.2.RELEASE] at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.run(SpringApplication.java:1191) [spring-boot-1.3.2.RELEASE.jar:1.3.2.RELEASE] at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.run(SpringApplication.java:1180) [spring-boot-1.3.2.RELEASE.jar:1.3.2.RELEASE] at sample.undertow.SampleUndertowApplication.main(SampleUndertowApplication.java:26) [classes/:na] Caused by: java.net.BindException: Address already in use at sun.nio.ch.Net.bind0(Native Method) ~[na:1.8.0_60] at sun.nio.ch.Net.bind(Net.java:433) ~[na:1.8.0_60] at sun.nio.ch.Net.bind(Net.java:425) ~[na:1.8.0_60] at sun.nio.ch.ServerSocketChannelImpl.bind(ServerSocketChannelImpl.java:223) ~[na:1.8.0_60] at sun.nio.ch.ServerSocketAdaptor.bind(ServerSocketAdaptor.java:74) ~[na:1.8.0_60] at org.xnio.nio.NioXnioWorker.createTcpConnectionServer(NioXnioWorker.java:190) ~[xnio-nio-3.3.4.Final.jar:3.3.4.Final] at org.xnio.XnioWorker.createStreamConnectionServer(XnioWorker.java:243) ~[xnio-api-3.3.4.Final.jar:3.3.4.Final] at io.undertow.Undertow.start(Undertow.java:137) ~[undertow-core-1.3.14.Final.jar:1.3.14.Final] ... 11 common frames omitted
In 1.4, it will look like this:
2016-02-16 17:44:49.179 ERROR 24745 --- [ main] o.s.b.d.LoggingFailureAnalysisReporter : *************************** APPLICATION FAILED TO START *************************** Description: Embedded servlet container failed to start. Port 8080 was already in use. Action: Identify and stop the process that‘s listening on port 8080 or configure this application to listen on another port.
If you still want to see the stacktrace of the underlying cause, enable debug logging fororg.springframework.boot.diagnostics.LoggingFailureAnalysisReporter.
Image Banners
You can now use image files to render ASCII art banners. Drop a banner.gif, banner.jpg orbanner.png file into src/main/resources to have it automatically converted to ASCII. You can use the banner.image.width and banner.image.height properties to tweak the size, or usebanner.image.invert to invert the colors.
RestTemplate builder
A new RestTemplateBuilder can be used to easily create a RestTemplate with sensible defaults. By default, the built RestTemplate will attempt to use the most suitable ClientHttpRequestFactoryavailable on the classpath and will be aware of the MessageConverter instances to use (including Jackson). The builder includes a number of useful methods that can be used to quickly configure aRestTemplate. For example, to add BASIC auth support you can use:
@Beanpublic RestTemplate restTemplate(RestTemplateBuilder builder) { return builder.basicAuthorization("user", "secret").build(); }
The auto-configured TestRestTemplate now uses the RestTemplateBuilder as well.
JSON Components
A new @JsonComponent annotation is now provided for custom Jackson JsonSerializer and/orJsonDeserializer registration. This can be a useful way to decouple JSON serialization logic:
@JsonComponentpublic class Example { public static class Serializer extends JsonSerializer { // ... } public static class Deserializer extends JsonDeserializer { // ... } }
Additionally, Spring Boot also now provides JsonObjectSerializer and JsonObjectDeserializerbase classes which provide useful alternatives to the standard Jackson versions when serializing objects. See the updated documentation for details.
Convention based error pages
Custom error pages for a given status code can now be created by following a convention based approach. Create a static HTML file in /public/error or add a template to /templates/error using the status code as the filename. For example, to register a custom 404 file you could addsrc/main/resource/public/error/404.html. See the updated reference documentation for details.
Unified @EntityScan annotation
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.domain.EntityScan can now be used to specify the packages to use for JPA, Neo4J, MongoDB, Cassandra and Couchbase. As a result, the JPA-specificorg.springframework.boot.orm.jpa.EntityScan is now deprecated.
ErrorPageRegistry
New ErrorPageRegistry and ErrorPageRegistrar interfaces allow error pages to be registered in a consistent way regardless of the use of an embedded servlet container. The ErrorPageFilter class has been updated to that it is now a ErrorPageRegistry and not a fakeConfigurableEmbeddedServletContainer.
PrincipalExtractor
The PrincipalExtractor interface can now be used if you need to extract the OAuth2 Principalusing custom logic.
Test improvements
Spring Boot 1.4 includes a major overhaul of testing support. Test classes and utilities are now provided in dedicated spring-boot-test and spring-boot-test-autoconfigure jars (although most users will continue to pick them up via the spring-boot-starter-test "Starter"). We’ve added AssertJ, JSONassert and JsonPath dependencies to the test starter.
@SpringBootTest
With Spring Boot 1.3 there were multiple ways of writing a Spring Boot test. You could use@SpringApplicationConfiguration, @ContextConfiguration with theSpringApplicationContextLoader, @IntegrationTest or @WebIntegrationTest. With Spring Boot 1.4, a single @SpringBootTest annotation replaces all of those.
Use @SpringBootTest in combination with @RunWith(SpringRunner.class) and set thewebEnvironment attribute depending on the type of test you want to write.
A classic integration test, with a mocked servlet environment:
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class) @SpringBootTestpublic class MyTest { // ...}
A web integration test, running a live server listening on a defined port:
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class) @SpringBootTest(webEnvironment=WebEnvionment.DEFINED_PORT)public class MyTest { // ...}
A web integration test, running a live server listening on a random port:
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class) @SpringBootTest(webEnvironment=WebEnvionment.RANDOM_PORT)public class MyTest { @LocalServerPort private int actualPort; // ...}
See the updated reference documentation for details.
Auto-detection of test configuration
Test configuration can now be automatically detected for most tests. If you follow the Spring Boot recommended conventions for structuring your code the @SpringBootApplication class will be loaded when no explicit configuration is defined. If you need to load a different @Configurationclass you can either include it as a nested inner-class in your test, or use the classes attribute of@SpringBootTest.
See Detecting test configuration for details.
Mocking and spying beans
It’s quite common to want to replace a single bean in your ApplicationContext with a mock for testing purposes. With Spring Boot 1.4 this now as easy as annotating a field in your test with@MockBean:
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class) @SpringBootTestpublic class MyTest { @MockBean private RemoteService remoteService; @Autowired private Reverser reverser; @Test public void exampleTest() { // RemoteService has been injected into the reverser bean given(this.remoteService.someCall()).willReturn("mock"); String reverse = reverser.reverseSomeCall(); assertThat(reverse).isEqualTo("kcom"); } }
You can also use @SpyBean if you want to spy on an existing bean rather than using a full mock.
See the mocking section of the reference documentation for more details.
Auto-configured tests
Full application auto-configuration is sometime overkill for tests, you often only want to auto-configure a specific "slice" of your application. Spring Boot 1.4 introduces a number of specialized test annotations that can be used for testing specific parts of your application:
@JsonTest- For testing JSON marshalling and unmarshalling.@WebMvcTest- For testing Spring MVC@Controllersusing MockMVC.@RestClientTest- For testing RestTemplate calls.@DataJpaTest- For testing Spring Data JPA elements
Many of the annotations provide additional auto-configuration that’s specific to testing. For example, if you use @WebMvcTest you can @Autowire a fully configured MockMvc instance.
See the reference documentation for details.
JSON AssertJ assertions
New JacksonTester, GsonTester and BasicJsonTester classes can be used in combination with AssertJ to test JSON marshalling and unmarshalling. Testers can be used with the @JsonTestannotation or directly on a test class:
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class) @JsonTestpublic class MyJsonTests { private JacksonTester json; @Test public void testSerialize() throws Exception { VehicleDetails details = new VehicleDetails("Honda", "Civic"); assertThat(this.json.write(details)).isEqualToJson("expected.json"); assertThat(this.json.write(details)).hasJsonPathStringValue("@.make"); } }
See the JSON section of the reference documentation or the Javadocs for details.
@RestClientTest
The @RestClientTest annotation can be used if you want to test REST clients. By default it will auto-configure Jackson and GSON support, configure a RestTemplateBuilder and add support forMockRestServiceServer.
Auto-configuration for Spring REST Docs
Combined with the support for auto-configuring MockMvc described above, auto-configuration for Spring REST Docs has been introduced. REST Docs can be enabled using the new@AutoConfigureRestDocs annotation. This will result in the MockMvc instance being automatically configured to use REST Docs and also removes the need to use REST Docs‘ JUnit rule. Please see the relevant section of the reference documentation for further details.
Test utilities
spring-boot-starter-test now brings the AssertJ assertions library.
Test utilities from the org.springframework.boot.test package have been moved to a spring-boot-test dedicated artifact.
Actuator info endpoint improvements
You can now use the InfoContributor interface to register beans that expose information to the/info actuator endpoint. Out of the box support is provided for:
- Full or partial Git information generated from the
git-commit-id-pluginMaven orgradle-git-propertiesGradle plugin (setmanagement.info.git.mode=fullto expose full details) - Build information generated from the Spring Boot Maven or Gradle plugin.
- Custom information from the Environment (any property starting
info.*)
Details are documented in the "Application information" section of the reference docs.
MetricsFilter improvements
The MetricsFilter can now submit metrics in both the classic "merged" form, or grouped per HTTP method. Use endpoints.metrics.filter properties to change the configuration:
endpoints.metrics.filter.gauge-submissions=grouped endpoints.metrics.filter.counter-submissions=grouped,merged
Spring Session JDBC Initializer
If Spring Session is configured to use the JDBC store, the schema is now created automatically on startup.
Secured connection for Artemis/HornetQ
Spring Boot now allows to connect against a secured Artemis/HornetQ broker.
Miscellaneous
server.jetty.acceptorsandserver.jetty.selectorsproperties have been added to configure the number of Jetty acceptors and selectors.server.max-http-header-sizeandserver.max-http-post-sizecan be used to constrain maximum sizes for HTTP headers and HTTP POSTs. Settings work on Tomcat, Jetty and Undertow.- The minimum number of spare threads for Tomcat can now be configured using
server.tomcat.min-spare-threads - Profile negation in now supported in
application.ymlfiles. Use the familiar!prefix inspring.profilesvalues - The actuator exposes a new
headdumpendpoint that returns a GZip compressedhprofheap dump file - Spring Mobile is now auto-configured for all supported template engines
- The Spring Boot maven plugin allows to bundle
systemscoped artifacts using the newincludeSystemScopeattribute spring.mvc.log-resolved-exceptionenables the automatic logging of a warning when an exception is resolved by aHandlerExceptionResolverspring.data.cassandra.schema-actionyou be used to customize the schema action to take on startup- Spring Boot’s fat jar format should now consume much less memory
- Locale to Charset mapping is now supported via the
spring.http.encoding.mapping.property
Spring Data "Ingalls" release train support
Spring Boot 1.4 GA ships with the Spring Data "Hopper" release out of the box. Users that would like to try the "Ingalls" release train (available in milestone one at the time of writing) can do so by just setting the spring-data-releasetrain.version property to Ingalls-M1 and declaring the Spring milestone repository.
Depending on what modules of Spring Data you use, you might have to upgrade a couple of transitive dependencies, too:
- Spring Data REST users will have to upgrade to Spring HATEOAS 0.21 (set
spring-hateoas.versionto0.21.0.RELEASE) - Spring Data Redis users using Jedis as driver will have to upgrade to 2.9 (set
jedis.versionto2.9.0)
Deprecations in Spring Boot 1.4
- Velocity support has been deprecated since support has been deprecated as of Spring Framework 4.3.
- Some constructors in
UndertowEmbeddedServletContainerhave been deprecated (most uses should be unaffected). - The
locationsandmergeattributes of the@ConfigurationPropertiesannotation have been deprecated in favor of directly configuring theEnvironment. - The protected
SpringApplication.printBannermethod should no longer be used to print a custom banner. Use theBannerinterface instead. - The protected
InfoEndpoint.getAdditionalInfomethod has been deprecated in favor of theInfoContributorinterface. org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.test.ImportAutoConfigurationhas been moved toorg.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.- All classes in the
org.springframework.boot.testpackage have been deprecated. See the "upgrading" notes above for details. PropertiesConfigurationFactory.setProperties(Properties)is deprecated in favor of usingPropertySources.- Several classes in the
org.springframework.boot.context.embeddedpackage have been deprecated and relocated toorg.springframework.boot.web.servlet. - All classes in the
org.springframework.boot.context.webpackage have been deprecated and relocated. - The
spring-boot-starter-ws"Starter" has been renamed tospring-boot-starter-web-services. - The
spring-boot-starter-redis"Starter" has been renamed tospring-boot-starter-data-redis. - The
spring-boot-starter-hornetqstarter and auto-configuration has been deprecated in favour of usingspring-boot-starter-artemis management.security.rolehas been deprecated in favour ofmanagement.security.roles- The
@org.springframework.boot.orm.jpa.EntityScanannotation has been deprecated in favor of@org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.domain.EntityScanor explicit configuration. TomcatEmbeddedServletContainerFactory.getValves()has been deprecated in favor ofgetContextValves().org.springframework.boot.actuate.system.EmbeddedServerPortFileWriterhas been deprecated in favor oforg.springframework.boot.system.EmbeddedServerPortFileWriterorg.springframework.boot.actuate.system.ApplicationPidFileWriterhas been deprecated in favor oforg.springframework.boot.system.ApplicationPidFileWriter
Property Renames
spring.jackson.serialization-inclusionshould be replaced withspring.jackson.default-property-inclusion.spring.activemq.pooledshould be replaced withspring.activemq.pool.enabled.spring.jpa.hibernate.naming-strategyshould be replaced withspring.jpa.hibernate.naming.strategy.server.tomcat.max-http-header-sizeshould be replaced withserver.max-http-header-size.
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