一、Django Admin的简单用法
- 创建管理员账号
python manage.py createsuperuser
- 在admin注册我们的表(/project/app01/admin.py)
from app01 import models admin.site.register(models.类名) 示例: from django.contrib import admin from app01 import models # Register your models here admin.site.register(models.Author) admin.site.register(models.Publisher) admin.site.register(models.Book)
- 其他配置项
1. admin页面显示中文(settings.py) settings.py中修改LANGUAGE_CODE = ‘zh-hans‘ 2. 表名显示中文(models.py) 类下面写如下配置项 class Meta: verbose_name = "出版社" verbose_name_plural = verbose_name 3. 字段显示中文(models.py) address = models.TextField(verbose_name="出版社地址")
- 代码示例
from django.db import models # Create your models here. class Publisher(models.Model): name = models.CharField(max_length=32, unique=True, verbose_name="出版社名称") address = models.TextField(verbose_name="出版社地址") def __str__(self): return self.name class Meta: verbose_name = "出版社" verbose_name_plural = verbose_name class Author(models.Model): name = models.CharField(max_length=12, verbose_name="作者名称") gender = models.SmallIntegerField( choices=((0, "女"), (1, "男"), (2, "保密")), default=2, verbose_name="性别" ) age = models.IntegerField(verbose_name="年龄") def __str__(self): return self.name class Meta: verbose_name = "作者管理" verbose_name_plural = verbose_name class Book(models.Model): title = models.CharField(max_length=32, unique=True, verbose_name="书籍名称") # auto_now_add:创建时间 auto_add:修改时间 publish_date = models.DateField(auto_now_add=True, verbose_name="出版时间") phone = models.CharField(max_length=11, unique=True, null=True, blank=True, verbose_name="手机号") publisher = models.ForeignKey(to="Publisher", on_delete=models.CASCADE, verbose_name="出版社") authors = models.ManyToManyField(to="Author", verbose_name="作者") def __str__(self): return self.title class Meta: verbose_name = "书籍管理" verbose_name_plural = verbose_name
代码示例
二、form和model form:https://www.cnblogs.com/liwenzhou/p/8747872.html
- form
- form的作用
1. 生成HTML代码 2. 帮我们做数据有效性的校验 3. 保留上次输入内容,显示错误提示
- 代码示例
- 手写版本
from django.db import models # Create your models here. class Book(models.Model): """ 书籍表 """ name = models.CharField(max_length=36, verbose_name="图书", unique=True) publisher = models.ForeignKey(to="Publisher", default=None, verbose_name="出版社") authors = models.ManyToManyField(to="Author", verbose_name="作者") create_time = models.DateField(auto_now_add=True, null=True) def __str__(self): return self.name class Meta: verbose_name = "图书管理" verbose_name_plural = verbose_name class Publisher(models.Model): """ 出版社表 """ name = models.CharField(max_length=36, verbose_name="出版社", unique=True) address = models.TextField(verbose_name="出版社地址") create_time = models.DateField(auto_now_add=True, null=True) def __str__(self): return self.name class Meta: verbose_name = "出版社管理" verbose_name_plural = verbose_name class Author(models.Model): """ 作者表 """ name = models.CharField(max_length=12, verbose_name="作者") sex = models.SmallIntegerField( choices=((0, "女"), (1, "男"), (2, "保密")), default=2, verbose_name="性别" ) age = models.IntegerField(verbose_name="年龄", null=True) create_time = models.DateField(auto_now_add=True, null=True) def __str__(self): return self.name class Meta: verbose_name = "作者管理" verbose_name_plural = verbose_name
model.py
from django.conf.urls import url from django.contrib import admin from app01 import views urlpatterns = [ url(r‘^admin/‘, admin.site.urls), url(r‘^book_list/$‘, views.book_list), url(r‘^add_book/$‘, views.add_book), url(r‘^edit_book/(\d+)/‘, views.edit_book), ]
urls.py
from django.shortcuts import render, redirect from app01 import models # Create your views here. def book_list(request): """ 书籍列表 :param request: :return: """ data = models.Book.objects.all() return render(request, "book_list.html", locals()) def add_book(request): """ 添加书籍 :param request: :return: """ if request.method == "POST": book_name = request.POST.get("book_name") publisher_name = request.POST.get("publisher_name") author_name = request.POST.getlist("author_name") book_obj = models.Book.objects.create(name=book_name, publisher_id=publisher_name) book_obj.authors.add(*author_name) return redirect("/book_list/") authors = models.Author.objects.all() publishers = models.Publisher.objects.all() return render(request, "add_book.html", locals()) def edit_book(request, book_id): """ 编辑书籍 :param request: :return: """ book_obj = models.Book.objects.filter(id=book_id).first() if request.method == "POST": book_name = request.POST.get("book_name") publisher_name = request.POST.get("publisher_name") author_name = request.POST.getlist("author_name") book_obj.name = book_name book_obj.publisher_id = publisher_name book_obj.save() book_obj.authors.set(author_name) return redirect("/book_list/") authors = models.Author.objects.all() publishers = models.Publisher.objects.all()
views.py
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>书籍列表</title> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/static/plugins/bootstrap/css/bootstrap.min.css"> </head> <body> <a href="/add_book/" class="btn btn-success">添加书籍</a> <table class="table"> <thead> <tr> <td>#</td> <td>名称</td> <td>作者</td> <td>出版社</td> <td>操作</td> </tr> </thead> <tbody> {% for datum in data %} <tr> <td>{{ forloop.counter }}</td> <td>{{ datum.name }}</td> <td> {% for author in datum.authors.all %} {% if forloop.last %} {{ author.name }} {% else %} {{ author.name }}, {% endif %} {% endfor %} </td> <td>{{ datum.publisher.name }}</td> <td> <a href="/edit_book/{{ datum.id }}/" class="btn btn-success">编辑</a> <a href="" class="btn btn-warning">删除</a> </td> </tr> {% endfor %} </tbody> </table> </body> </html>
html-book_list.html
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>添加书籍</title> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/static/plugins/bootstrap/css/bootstrap.min.css"> </head> <body> <form action="" method="post"> {% csrf_token %} <div class="form-group"> <label for="book_name">书籍名称</label> <input type="text" class="form-control" id="book_name" placeholder="书籍名称" name="book_name"> </div> <div class="form-group"> <label for="publisher_name">出版社</label> <select name="publisher_name" id="" class="form-control"> {% for publisher in publishers %} <option value="{{ publisher.id }}">{{ publisher.name }}</option> {% endfor %} </select> </div> <div class="form-group"> <label for="author_name">作者</label> <select name="author_name" id="" class="form-control" multiple> {% for author in authors %} <option value="{{ author.id }}">{{ author.name }}</option> {% endfor %} </select> </div> <button type="submit" class="btn btn-default">提交</button> </form> </body> </html>
html-add_book.html
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>编辑书籍</title> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/static/plugins/bootstrap/css/bootstrap.min.css"> </head> <body> <form action="" method="post"> {% csrf_token %} <div class="form-group"> <label for="book_name">书籍名称</label> <input type="text" class="form-control" id="book_name" value="{{ book_obj.name }}" name="book_name"> </div> <div class="form-group"> <label for="publisher_name">出版社</label> <select name="publisher_name" id="" class="form-control"> {% for publisher in publishers %} {% if book_obj.publisher_id == publisher.id %} <option value="{{ publisher.id }}" selected>{{ publisher.name }}</option> {% else %} <option value="{{ publisher.id }}">{{ publisher.name }}</option> {% endif %} {% endfor %} </select> </div> <div class="form-group"> <label for="author_name">作者</label> <select name="author_name" id="" class="form-control" multiple> {% for author in authors %} {% if author in book_obj.authors.all %} <option value="{{ author.id }}" selected>{{ author.name }}</option> {% else %} <option value="{{ author.id }}">{{ author.name }}</option> {% endif %} {% endfor %} </select> </div> <button type="submit" class="btn btn-default">提交</button> </form> </body> </html>
html-edit_book.html
- form 版本
from django.db import models # Create your models here. class Publisher(models.Model): name = models.CharField(max_length=32, unique=True, verbose_name="出版社名称") address = models.TextField(verbose_name="出版社地址") def __str__(self): return self.name class Meta: verbose_name = "出版社" verbose_name_plural = verbose_name class Author(models.Model): name = models.CharField(max_length=12, verbose_name="作者名称") gender = models.SmallIntegerField( choices=((0, "女"), (1, "男"), (2, "保密")), default=2, verbose_name="性别" ) age = models.IntegerField(verbose_name="年龄") def __str__(self): return self.name class Meta: verbose_name = "作者管理" verbose_name_plural = verbose_name class Book(models.Model): title = models.CharField(max_length=32, unique=True, verbose_name="书籍名称") # auto_now_add:创建时间 auto_add:修改时间 publish_date = models.DateField(auto_now_add=True, verbose_name="出版时间") phone = models.CharField(max_length=11, unique=True, null=True, blank=True, verbose_name="手机号") publisher = models.ForeignKey(to="Publisher", on_delete=models.CASCADE, verbose_name="出版社") authors = models.ManyToManyField(to="Author", verbose_name="作者") def __str__(self): return self.title class Meta: verbose_name = "书籍管理" verbose_name_plural = verbose_name
model.py
from django.conf.urls import url from django.contrib import admin from app01 import views urlpatterns = [ url(r‘^admin/‘, admin.site.urls), url(r‘^book_list/$‘, views.book_list), url(r‘^add_book/$‘, views.add_book), url(r‘^edit_book/(\d+)/$‘, views.edit_book), # edit_book(request, id) ]
urls.py
from django.shortcuts import render, redirect, HttpResponse from app01 import models from django import forms from django.core.validators import RegexValidator from django.core.exceptions import ValidationError # Create your views here. # 自定义一个字段的校验规则函数 def phone_validate(value): # 拿用户填写的手机号去数据库查找有没有 is_exist = models.Book.objects.filter(phone=value) if is_exist: # 如果该手机号已经被使用就不能再注册 raise ValidationError("该手机号已经被注册!") else: return value # 自定义一个form类 class BookForm(forms.Form): title = forms.CharField( max_length=12, min_length=6, label="书名", # initial="书名的默认值", widget=forms.widgets.TextInput(attrs={"class": "form-control"}) ) publish_date = forms.DateField( label="出版日期", widget=forms.widgets.DateInput(attrs={"type": "date", "class": "form-control"}) ) phone = forms.CharField( max_length=11, # required=False, # validators=[RegexValidator(r‘^1[356789]\d{9}$‘, "手机号码格式不正确"), phone_validate], validators=[RegexValidator(r‘^1[356789]\d{9}$‘, "手机号码格式不正确")], widget=forms.widgets.TextInput(attrs={"class": "form-control"}) ) # publisher = forms.ChoiceField( # # choices=models.Publisher.objects.values_list("id", "name"), # widget=forms.widgets.Select() # ) publisher = forms.ModelChoiceField( queryset=models.Publisher.objects.all(), widget=forms.widgets.Select(attrs={"class": "form-control"}) ) authors = forms.ModelMultipleChoiceField( queryset=models.Author.objects.all(), widget=forms.widgets.SelectMultiple(attrs={"class": "form-control"}) ) # 自定义一个局部钩子函数 def clean_title(self): value = self.cleaned_data.get("title") # 判断有没有敏感词 if "alex" in value: raise ValidationError("alex已被河蟹...") else: return value # 全局钩子函数 def clean(self): # 可以从self.cleaned_data取到所有字段的数据 # self.add_error("字段", "密码和确认密码不一致") pass def book_list(request): data = models.Book.objects.all() # return render(request, "book_list.html", {"data": data}) # locals()以字典的形式把当前作用域的变量表示出来 return render(request, "book_list.html", locals()) def add_book(request): form_obj = BookForm() if request.method == "POST": # 从用户提交过来的数据中取数据 # 做校验 form_obj = BookForm(request.POST) if form_obj.is_valid(): # 做数据有效性的校验 # 去数据库创建新的数据 print(form_obj.cleaned_data) # 因为有多对多的字段,所以需要额外处理 authors = form_obj.cleaned_data.pop("authors") # 创建新书籍对象 book_obj = models.Book.objects.create(**form_obj.cleaned_data) # 将书籍对象和作者建立关联 book_obj.authors.add(*authors) return redirect("/book_list/") return render(request, "add_book.html", locals()) def edit_book(request, pk): book_obj = models.Book.objects.filter(id=pk).first() # book_dict = { # "title": book_obj.title, # "publish_date": book_obj.publish_date.strftime("%Y-%m-%d"), # } # 把ORM中一个对象 快速转换成 字典格式 from django.forms import model_to_dict book_dict = model_to_dict(book_obj) book_dict["publish_date"] = book_obj.publish_date.strftime("%Y-%m-%d") print(book_dict) print("=" * 120) # form_obj = BookForm({"title": "书的默认值呀2", "publish_date": "2018-01-01"}) form_obj = BookForm(book_dict) if request.method == "POST": # 从用户提交过来的数据中取数据 form_obj = BookForm(request.POST) if form_obj.is_valid(): # 去数据库更新对应的书籍 book_obj.title = form_obj.cleaned_data.get("title") book_obj.publish_date = form_obj.cleaned_data.get("publish_date") book_obj.publisher_id = form_obj.cleaned_data.get("publisher") book_obj.save() book_obj.authors.set(form_obj.cleaned_data.get("authors")) # 让ORM去更新第三张关系表 return redirect("/book_list/") return render(request, "edit_book.html", locals())
views.py
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Title</title> </head> <body> <a href="/add_book/">添加书籍</a> <table border="1"> <tbody> {% for book in data %} <tr> <td>{{ forloop.counter }}</td> <td>{{ book.id }}</td> <td>{{ book.title }}</td> <td>{{ book.publish_date }}</td> <td>{{ book.publisher }}</td> <td>{{ book.authors.all }}</td> <td> <a href="">删除</a> <a href="/edit_book/{{ book.id }}/">编辑</a> </td> </tr> {% endfor %} </tbody> </table> </body> </html>
html-book_list.html
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>添加书籍</title> <link href="https://cdn.bootcss.com/bootstrap/3.3.7/css/bootstrap.css" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-8 col-md-offset-2"> <h1>添加书籍</h1> <form action="" method="post" novalidate autocomplete="off"> {% csrf_token %} {% for field in form_obj %} <div class="form-group"> <label for="{{ field.id_for_label }}">{{ field.label }}</label> {{ field }} <p>{{ field.errors.0 }}</p> </div> {% endfor %} <input type="submit" class="btn btn-success"> </form> </div> </div> </div> </body> </html>
html-add_book.html
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>编辑书籍</title> <link href="https://cdn.bootcss.com/bootstrap/3.3.7/css/bootstrap.css" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-8 col-md-offset-2"> <h1>编辑书籍</h1> <form action="" method="post"> {% csrf_token %} {% for field in form_obj %} <div class="form-group"> <label for="{{ field.id_for_label }}">{{ field.label }}</label> {{ field }} <p>{{ field.errors.0 }}</p> </div> {% endfor %} <input type="submit" class="btn btn-success"> </form> </div> </div> </div> </body> </html>
html
- form组件校验数据有效性
1. 内置的校验规则 1. require=True 该字段必填 2. max_length 该字段的最大长度 3. min_length 该字段的最小长度
2. 自定义校验规则 1. phone的格式 利用内置的正则校验器 from django.core.validators import RegexValidator validators=[RegexValidator(r‘^1[356789]\d{9}$‘, "手机号码格式不正确")], 2. 手机号的唯一性校验 validators=[RegexValidator(r‘^1[356789]\d{9}$‘, "手机号码格式不正确"), phone_validate], # 自定义一个字段的校验规则函数 def phone_validate(value): # 拿用户填写的手机号去数据库查找有没有 is_exist = models.Book.objects.filter(phone=value) if is_exist: # 如果该手机号已经被使用就不能再注册 raise ValidationError("该手机号已经被注册!") else: return value 3. 使用钩子函数做校验 1. 局部钩子(hook) 在form类内部定义一个 clean_字段名() 方法 # 自定义一个局部钩子函数 def clean_title(self): value = self.cleaned_data.get("title") # 判断有没有敏感词 if "alex" in value: raise ValidationError("alex已被河蟹...") else: return value 2. 全局钩子 在form类内部定义一个 clean() 方法 # 全局钩子函数 def clean(self): # 可以从self.cleaned_data取到所有字段的数据 # self.add_error("字段", "密码和确认密码不一致") pass
- form组合如何给html标签设置默认值
1. 每一个字段设置默认值 initial="默认值"
- 手写版本
- form的作用
- model form
1. 必须继承forms.ModelForm class BookModelForm(forms.ModelForm):
2. class Meta: class Meta: model = models.Book # fields = "__all__" # model类里所有的字段都展示 # fields = ["title", ] # 指定展示某些字段 exclude = ["title", ] # 除了指定字段,其他字段都展示 labels = { # 设置label标签名 "title": "书名", "phone": "手机号", "publisher": "出版社", "authors": "作者", } widgets = { # 设置每个字段的插件信息 "title": forms.widgets.TextInput(attrs={"class": "form-control"}), "phone": forms.widgets.TextInput(attrs={"class": "form-control"}), "publisher": forms.widgets.Select(attrs={"class": "form-control"}), "authors": forms.widgets.SelectMultiple(attrs={"class": "form-control"}), } error_messages = { # 设置每个字段的报错提示信息 "publisher": { "required": "必须给我选一个出版社!" } }
3. 实例化 1. form_obj = BookModelForm() 2. BookModelForm(instance=book_obj) 3. BookModelForm(request.POST, instance=book_obj)
4. 保存 form_obj.save()
代码示例
from django.db import models # Create your models here. class Publisher(models.Model): name = models.CharField(max_length=32, unique=True, verbose_name="出版社名称") address = models.TextField(verbose_name="出版社地址") def __str__(self): return self.name class Meta: verbose_name = "出版社" verbose_name_plural = verbose_name class Author(models.Model): name = models.CharField(max_length=12) gender = models.SmallIntegerField( choices=((0, "女"), (1, "男"), (2, "保密")), default=2 ) age = models.IntegerField() def __str__(self): return self.name class Book(models.Model): title = models.CharField(max_length=32, unique=True) # auto_now_add:创建时间 auto_add:修改时间 publish_date = models.DateField(auto_now_add=True) phone = models.CharField(max_length=11, unique=True, null=True, blank=True) publisher = models.ForeignKey(to="Publisher", on_delete=models.CASCADE) authors = models.ManyToManyField(to="Author") def __str__(self): return self.title
models.py
from django.conf.urls import url from django.contrib import admin from app01 import views urlpatterns = [ url(r‘^admin/‘, admin.site.urls), url(r‘^book_list/$‘, views.book_list), url(r‘^add_book/$‘, views.add_book), url(r‘^edit_book/(\d+)/$‘, views.edit_book), # edit_book(request, id) ]
urls.py
from django.shortcuts import render, redirect, HttpResponse from app01 import models from app01.forms import BookForm, BookModelForm # Create your views here. def book_list(request): data = models.Book.objects.all() # return render(request, "book_list.html", {"data": data}) # locals()以字典的形式把当前作用域的变量表示出来 return render(request, "book_list.html", locals()) def add_book(request): form_obj = BookModelForm() if request.method == "POST": # 从用户提交过来的数据中取数据 # 做校验 form_obj = BookModelForm(request.POST) if form_obj.is_valid(): # 做数据有效性的校验 form_obj.save() return redirect("/book_list/") return render(request, "add_book.html", locals()) def edit_book(request, pk): book_obj = models.Book.objects.filter(id=pk).first() form_obj = BookModelForm(instance=book_obj) if request.method == "POST": # 从用户提交过来的数据中取数据 form_obj = BookModelForm(request.POST, instance=book_obj) if form_obj.is_valid(): # 去数据库更新对应的书籍 form_obj.save() return redirect("/book_list/") return render(request, "edit_book.html", locals())
views.py
from django import forms from django.core.validators import RegexValidator from django.core.exceptions import ValidationError from app01 import models # 写一个和Model类一一对应的form class BookModelForm(forms.ModelForm): class Meta: model = models.Book # fields = "__all__" # model类里所有的字段都展示 # fields = ["title", ] # 指定展示某些字段 exclude = ["title", ] # 除了指定字段,其他字段都展示 labels = { # 设置label标签名 "title": "书名", "phone": "手机号", "publisher": "出版社", "authors": "作者", } widgets = { # 设置每个字段的插件信息 "title": forms.widgets.TextInput(attrs={"class": "form-control"}), "phone": forms.widgets.TextInput(attrs={"class": "form-control"}), "publisher": forms.widgets.Select(attrs={"class": "form-control"}), "authors": forms.widgets.SelectMultiple(attrs={"class": "form-control"}), } error_messages = { # 设置每个字段的报错提示信息 "publisher": { "required": "必须给我选一个出版社!" } }
forms.py
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Title</title> </head> <body> <a href="/add_book/">添加书籍</a> <table border="1"> <tbody> {% for book in data %} <tr> <td>{{ forloop.counter }}</td> <td>{{ book.id }}</td> <td>{{ book.title }}</td> <td>{{ book.publish_date }}</td> <td>{{ book.publisher }}</td> <td>{{ book.authors.all }}</td> <td> <a href="">删除</a> <a href="/edit_book/{{ book.id }}/">编辑</a> </td> </tr> {% endfor %} </tbody> </table> </body> </html>
html-book_list.html
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>添加书籍</title> <link href="https://cdn.bootcss.com/bootstrap/3.3.7/css/bootstrap.css" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-8 col-md-offset-2"> <h1>添加书籍</h1> <form action="" method="post" novalidate autocomplete="off"> {% for field in form_obj %} <div class="form-group"> <label for="{{ field.id_for_label }}">{{ field.label }}</label> {{ field }} <p>{{ field.errors.0 }}</p> </div> {% endfor %} <input type="submit" class="btn btn-success"> </form> </div> </div> </div> </body> </html>
html-add_book.html
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>编辑书籍</title> <link href="https://cdn.bootcss.com/bootstrap/3.3.7/css/bootstrap.css" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-8 col-md-offset-2"> <h1>编辑书籍</h1> <form action="" method="post"> {% csrf_token %} {% for field in form_obj %} <div class="form-group"> <label for="{{ field.id_for_label }}">{{ field.label }}</label> {{ field }} <p>{{ field.errors.0 }}</p> </div> {% endfor %} <input type="submit" class="btn btn-success"> </form> </div> </div> </div> </body> </html>
html-edit_book.html
三、auth模块+报障系统(BBS) :https://www.cnblogs.com/liwenzhou/p/9030211.html
原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/spf21/p/9559710.html
时间: 2024-10-08 11:43:22