一、概念
链表和数组都是一种线性结构,数组有序存储的,链表是无序存储的。
数组中的每一个元素地址是递增或者递减的关系,链表的每一个节点的地址没有此规律,它们是通过指针的指向连接起来。
链表种类:单链表、双向链表、循环链表、双向循环链表
单链表:一个数据域data、一个后继指针域next。也即:上一个节点指向下一个节点,尾节点指向空。
双向链表:一个数据域data、一个前驱指针域previous、一个后继指针域next。也即:上一个节点和下一个节点互相指向,尾节点指向空。
循环链表:一个数据域data、一个后继指针域next。也即:上一个节点指向下一个节点,尾节点指向首节点。
双向循环链表:一个数据域data、一个前驱指针域previous、一个后继指针域next。也即:上一个节点和下一个节点互相指向,尾节点和首节点也互相指向。
二、实现
1、定义节点:
// SingleLinkNode.h // LinkListDemo // Created by 夏远全 on 2019/9/24. #import <Foundation/Foundation.h> NS_ASSUME_NONNULL_BEGIN //单链表节点 @interface SingleLinkNode : NSObject @property (nonatomic, assign) int data; //数据域 @property (nonatomic, weak) SingleLinkNode *next;//后继指针域(防止循环引用) +(instancetype)constructNodeWithData:(int)data; @end
// SingleLinkNode.m // LinkListDemo // Created by 夏远全 on 2019/9/24. #import "SingleLinkNode.h" @implementation SingleLinkNode +(instancetype)constructNodeWithData:(int)data{ SingleLinkNode *node = [[SingleLinkNode alloc] init]; node.data = data; node.next = nil; return node; } @end
2、构建链表(遍历打印方法在下面)
//1、构建一个单链表 SingleLinkNode *head = [[SingleLinkNode alloc] init]; SingleLinkNode *node1 = [SingleLinkNode constructNodeWithData:1]; SingleLinkNode *node2 = [SingleLinkNode constructNodeWithData:2]; SingleLinkNode *node3 = [SingleLinkNode constructNodeWithData:3]; head.next = node1; node1.next = node2; node2.next = node3; [FuncontionHelper printFromHeadWithNode:head printPrefixText:@"构造单链表为"];
2019-09-27 11:07:10.363408+0800 LinkList[36953:1729163] 构造单链表为:1->2->3
3、插入节点
3-1:在头部插入
//在头部插入节点 +(void)insetNodeAfterHead:(SingleLinkNode *)newNode headNode:(SingleLinkNode *)headNode { //判空处理 if (!headNode) { return; } /* //方式一:先用一个临时节点记录头结点的下一个节点,然后将头结点指向新节点,新节点再指向临时节点 if (headNode.next == nil) { headNode.next = newNode; }else{ SingleLinkNode *tempNode = headNode.next; headNode.next = newNode; newNode.next = tempNode; } */ //方式二:先把新节点指向头结点的下一个节点,再让头结点指向新节点(比较常用) if (headNode.next == nil) { headNode.next = newNode; }else{ newNode.next = headNode.next; headNode.next = newNode; } }
SingleLinkNode *node4 = [SingleLinkNode constructNodeWithData:4]; [FuncontionHelper insetNodeAfterHead:node4 headNode:head]; [FuncontionHelper printFromHeadWithNode:head printPrefixText:@"在单链表头部插入节点4后"];
2019-09-27 11:07:10.363732+0800 LinkList[36953:1729163] 在单链表头部插入节点4后:4->1->2->3 //1->2->3
3-2:在尾部插入
//在尾部插入节点 +(void)insetNodeAfterTail:(SingleLinkNode *)newNode headNode:(SingleLinkNode *)headNode { //判空处理 if (!headNode) { return; } if (headNode.next == nil) { headNode.next = newNode; } else{ SingleLinkNode *pNode = headNode; while (pNode.next != nil) { //遍历到尾部 pNode = pNode.next; } pNode.next = newNode; } }
SingleLinkNode *node5 = [SingleLinkNode constructNodeWithData:5]; [FuncontionHelper insetNodeAfterTail:node5 headNode:head]; [FuncontionHelper printFromHeadWithNode:head printPrefixText:@"在单链表尾部插入节点5后"];
2019-09-27 11:07:10.363816+0800 LinkList[36953:1729163] 在单链表尾部插入节点5后:4->1->2->3->5 //4->1->2->3
3-3:在指定位置插入
//在指定位置插入节点 +(void)insetNodeAtIndex:(int)k node:(SingleLinkNode *)newNode headNode:(SingleLinkNode *)headNode { //判空处理 if (!headNode) { return; } if (headNode.next == nil) { headNode.next = newNode; } else{ SingleLinkNode *pNode = headNode; int i = 1; while (i < k && pNode.next != nil) { pNode = pNode.next; i++; } newNode.next = pNode.next; pNode.next = newNode; } }
SingleLinkNode *node6 = [SingleLinkNode constructNodeWithData:6]; [FuncontionHelper insetNodeAtIndex:2 node:node6 headNode:head]; [FuncontionHelper printFromHeadWithNode:head printPrefixText:@"在单链表第2个位置插入节点6后"];
2019-09-27 11:07:10.363872+0800 LinkList[36953:1729163] 在单链表第2个位置插入节点6后:4->6->1->2->3->5 //4->1->2->3->5
4、删除节点
//单链表:删除第k个位置的节点 +(SingleLinkNode *)deleteNodeAtIndex:(int)k headNode:(SingleLinkNode *)headNode { //判空处理 if (!headNode || !headNode.next || k==0) { NSLog(@"%@",[NSString stringWithFormat:@"没有要删除的第%d个节点!",k]); return nil; } SingleLinkNode *pNode = headNode; SingleLinkNode *p = pNode;//移动指针 int i = 0; while (pNode.next != nil && i < k) { p = pNode; pNode = pNode.next; i++; } if (pNode != nil) { p.next = p.next.next; return pNode; } NSLog(@"%@",[NSString stringWithFormat:@"没有要删除的第%d个节点!",k]); return nil; }
SingleLinkNode *deleteNode = [FuncontionHelper deleteNodeAtIndex:1 headNode:head]; NSString *prefixText = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"删除第1个位置的节点%d后单链表为",deleteNode.data]; [FuncontionHelper printFromHeadWithNode:head printPrefixText:prefixText];
2019-09-27 11:07:10.363902+0800 LinkList[36953:1729163] 删除第1个位置的节点4后单链表为:6->1->2->3->5 //4->6->1->2->3->5
5、查询节点
5-1:正向查询
//单链表:查询第k个位置的节点 +(SingleLinkNode *)queryNodeIndex:(int)k headNode:(SingleLinkNode *)headNode { //判空处理 if (!headNode || !headNode.next) { NSLog(@"%@",[NSString stringWithFormat:@"没有查询到第%d个节点!",k]); return nil; } SingleLinkNode *pNode = headNode.next; int i = 1; while (pNode != nil && i < k) { pNode = pNode.next; i++; } if (pNode != nil) { return pNode; } NSLog(@"%@",[NSString stringWithFormat:@"没有查询到第%d个节点!",k]); return nil; }
SingleLinkNode *node_x = [FuncontionHelper queryNodeIndex:1 headNode:head]; if (node_x) NSLog(@"查询到第1个结点的值是:%d",node_x.data);
2019-09-27 11:07:10.363916+0800 LinkList[36953:1729163] 查询到第1个结点的值是:6 //6->1->2->3->5
5-2:反向查询(两次遍历法、快慢指针法)
//单链表:查询倒数第k个位置的节点 +(SingleLinkNode *)queryNodeCountdown:(int)k headNode:(SingleLinkNode *)headNode { //判空处理 if (!headNode || !headNode.next) { NSLog(@"%@",[NSString stringWithFormat:@"没有查询到倒数第%d个节点!",k]); return nil; } /* //方式一:两次遍历法:第一次遍历获取链表总长度L,第二次遍历区间为[1,L-k+1]即可 int L = 0; SingleLinkNode *pNode = headNode.next; while (pNode != nil) { pNode = pNode.next; L++; } if (k > L) { NSLog(@"%@",[NSString stringWithFormat:@"没有查询到倒数第%d个节点!",k]); return nil; } pNode = headNode.next; for (int i=1; i<L-k+1; i++) { pNode = pNode.next; } return pNode; */ //方式二:使用快慢指针法,快指针先走k步,然后快慢指针一起走,等到快指针结束时,慢指针所在位置就是目标节点 SingleLinkNode *quickNode = headNode.next; SingleLinkNode *slowNode = headNode.next; int i = 0; while (quickNode != nil && i<k) { quickNode = quickNode.next; i++; } if (i == k) { while (quickNode != nil && slowNode != nil) { quickNode = quickNode.next; slowNode = slowNode.next; } if (quickNode == nil && slowNode != nil) { return slowNode; }else{ NSLog(@"%@",[NSString stringWithFormat:@"没有查询到倒数第%d个节点!",k]); return nil; } } NSLog(@"%@",[NSString stringWithFormat:@"没有查询到倒数第%d个节点!",k]); return nil; }
SingleLinkNode *node_y = [FuncontionHelper queryNodeCountdown:1 headNode:head]; if (node_y) NSLog(@"查询到倒数第1个结点的值是:%d",node_y.data);
2019-09-27 11:07:10.363934+0800 LinkList[36953:1729163] 查询到倒数第1个结点的值是:5 //6->1->2->3->5
6、遍历链表
6-1:正向遍历
//正序遍历链表 +(NSArray<NSNumber *>*)printFromHeadWithNode:(SingleLinkNode *)headNode printPrefixText:(NSString *)text { //判空处理 if (!headNode || !headNode.next) { return nil; } SingleLinkNode *pNode = headNode.next; NSMutableArray *items = [NSMutableArray array]; while (pNode!= nil) { [items addObject:@(pNode.data)]; pNode = pNode.next; } NSLog(@"%@:%@",text,[items componentsJoinedByString:@"->"]); return items; }
6-2:反向遍历(递归法、指针法)
//倒序遍历链表 +(NSArray<NSNumber *>*)printFromTailWithNode:(SingleLinkNode *)headNode{ //判空处理 if (!headNode || !headNode.next) { return nil; } //方式一:递归打印 /* NSMutableArray *items = [NSMutableArray array]; if (headNode.next != nil) { headNode = headNode.next; [self printFromTailWithNode:headNode]; [items addObject:@(headNode.data)]; } return items; */ //方式二:遍历指针偏移,每次遍历完一次后,要记录最后一个节点,然后将遍历指针移动到开头重新开始,与记录的最后一个节点作比较 NSMutableArray *items = [NSMutableArray array]; SingleLinkNode *pNode = headNode; SingleLinkNode *lastNode = nil; while (pNode != nil && lastNode != pNode) { pNode = pNode.next; if (pNode.next == nil || pNode.next == lastNode) { lastNode = pNode; pNode = headNode; [items addObject:@(lastNode.data)]; } } return items; }
NSArray *items = [FuncontionHelper printFromTailWithNode:head]; NSLog(@"链表倒序遍历:%@",[items componentsJoinedByString:@"、"]);
2019-09-27 11:07:10.363962+0800 LinkList[36953:1729163] 链表倒序遍历:5、3、2、1、6 //6->1->2->3->5
7、反转链表
//反转链表 +(SingleLinkNode *)reverseWithNode:(SingleLinkNode *)headNode{ //判空处理 if (!headNode || !headNode.next) { return nil; } //采用头结点插入的方式反转 SingleLinkNode *p = headNode.next; ///定义遍历指针 SingleLinkNode *newHead = [[SingleLinkNode alloc] init]; ///定义反转后头结点 while (p != nil) { SingleLinkNode *temp = p.next;///记录下一个节点 p.next = newHead.next; ///当前节点指向新头结点的下一个节点 newHead.next = p; ///更换新头结点指向当前节点 p = temp; ///移动p指针 } return newHead; }
SingleLinkNode *newHead = [FuncontionHelper reverseWithNode:head]; [FuncontionHelper printFromHeadWithNode:newHead printPrefixText:@"将单链表反转后"];
2019-09-27 11:07:10.363999+0800 LinkList[36953:1729163] 将单链表反转后:5->3->2->1->6 //6->1->2->3->5
8、合并有序链表
//单链表:两个有序链表合成一个新的有序链表 +(SingleLinkNode *)combineWithNode:(SingleLinkNode *)headNode otherNode:(SingleLinkNode *)otherNode { //判空处理 if (!headNode || !headNode.next) { return otherNode; } if (!otherNode || !otherNode.next) { return headNode; } //一起开始扫描 SingleLinkNode *p1 = headNode.next; SingleLinkNode *p2 = otherNode.next; SingleLinkNode *newHead = [[SingleLinkNode alloc] init];//定义一个新头结点 while (p1 != nil && p2 != nil) { if (p1.data > p2.data) { otherNode.next = p2.next; //移动otherNode头结点指向当前节点的下一个节点 p2.next = nil;//将当前节点从otherNode链表断掉 [self insetNodeAfterTail:p2 headNode:newHead];//将当前节点插入到新链表newHead的尾部 p2 = otherNode.next;//获取otherNode链表的下一点节点 }else{ headNode.next = p1.next; p1.next = nil; [self insetNodeAfterTail:p1 headNode:newHead]; p1 = headNode.next; } } //处理没有扫描结束的链表 while (p1 != nil) { headNode.next = p1.next; p1.next = nil; [self insetNodeAfterTail:p1 headNode:newHead];//尾节点插入 p1 = headNode.next; } while (p2 != nil) { otherNode.next = p2.next; p2.next = nil; [self insetNodeAfterTail:p2 headNode:newHead];//尾节点插入 p2 = otherNode.next; } return newHead; }
SingleLinkNode *head1 = [[SingleLinkNode alloc] init]; SingleLinkNode *node11 = [SingleLinkNode constructNodeWithData:1]; SingleLinkNode *node22 = [SingleLinkNode constructNodeWithData:3]; SingleLinkNode *node33 = [SingleLinkNode constructNodeWithData:5]; head1.next = node11; node11.next = node22; node22.next = node33; [FuncontionHelper printFromHeadWithNode:head1 printPrefixText:@"构造第一个有序单链表为:"]; SingleLinkNode *otherHead = [[SingleLinkNode alloc] init]; SingleLinkNode *node44 = [SingleLinkNode constructNodeWithData:2]; SingleLinkNode *node55 = [SingleLinkNode constructNodeWithData:4]; SingleLinkNode *node66 = [SingleLinkNode constructNodeWithData:6]; SingleLinkNode *node77 = [SingleLinkNode constructNodeWithData:8]; otherHead.next = node44; node44.next = node55; node55.next = node66; node66.next = node77; [FuncontionHelper printFromHeadWithNode:otherHead printPrefixText:@"构造第二个有序单链表为:"]; SingleLinkNode *combieHeadNode = [FuncontionHelper combineWithNode:head1 otherNode:otherHead]; [FuncontionHelper printFromHeadWithNode:combieHeadNode printPrefixText:@"合并后的有序新链表为:"];
2019-09-27 11:07:10.364037+0800 LinkList[36953:1729163] 构造第一个有序单链表为::1->3->5 2019-09-27 11:07:10.364067+0800 LinkList[36953:1729163] 构造第二个有序单链表为::2->4->6->8 2019-09-27 11:07:10.364098+0800 LinkList[36953:1729163] 合并后的有序新链表为::1->2->3->4->5->6->8
9、判断两个链表是否相交
//单链表:判断两个链表是否相交 (只能是某一个链表的尾节点与另一链表的某一个节点相交) +(BOOL)intersectWithNode:(SingleLinkNode *)headNode otherNode:(SingleLinkNode *)otherNode { //判空处理 if (!headNode || !headNode.next || !otherNode || !otherNode.next) { return NO; } //思路:分别获取两个链表的长度,判断谁的链表更长,链表更长的先走完相差的步数,然后齐步走 SingleLinkNode *p1 = headNode.next; SingleLinkNode *p2 = otherNode.next; int L1 = 1; int L2 = 1; while (p1 != nil) { L1 ++; p1 = p1.next; } while (p2 != nil) { L2 ++; p2 = p2.next; } p1 = headNode.next; //将p1遍历指针移动到首节点 p2 = otherNode.next; //将p2遍历指针移动到首节点 int i=0; if (L1 > L2) { while (i < L1-L2 && p1 != nil) { //p1先走 p1 = p1.next; i++; } }else{ while (i < L2-L1 && p2 != nil) { //p2先走 p2 = p2.next; i++; } } if (i == ABS(L1-L2)) { while (p1 != nil && p2 != nil) { //p1、p2齐步走 if(p1.next == p2.next) return YES; //相交 p1 = p1.next; p2 = p2.next; } } return NO; }
SingleLinkNode *head2 = [[SingleLinkNode alloc] init]; SingleLinkNode *node111 = [SingleLinkNode constructNodeWithData:1]; SingleLinkNode *node222 = [SingleLinkNode constructNodeWithData:3]; SingleLinkNode *node333 = [SingleLinkNode constructNodeWithData:5]; head2.next = node111; node111.next = node222; node222.next = node333; [FuncontionHelper printFromHeadWithNode:head2 printPrefixText:@"单链表1"]; SingleLinkNode *otherHead2 = [[SingleLinkNode alloc] init]; SingleLinkNode *node444 = [SingleLinkNode constructNodeWithData:2]; SingleLinkNode *node555 = [SingleLinkNode constructNodeWithData:4]; SingleLinkNode *node666 = [SingleLinkNode constructNodeWithData:6]; SingleLinkNode *node777 = [SingleLinkNode constructNodeWithData:8]; otherHead2.next = node444; node444.next = node555; node555.next = node666; node666.next = node777; node777.next = node222;//指向链表1的node222节点 [FuncontionHelper printFromHeadWithNode:otherHead2 printPrefixText:@"单链表2"]; BOOL isIntersect = [FuncontionHelper intersectWithNode:head2 otherNode:otherHead2]; NSLog(@"单链表1和单链表2是否相交:%@", isIntersect ? @"相交" : @"不相交");
2019-09-27 11:07:10.364154+0800 LinkList[36953:1729163] 单链表1:1->3->5 2019-09-27 11:07:10.364189+0800 LinkList[36953:1729163] 单链表2:2->4->6->8->3->5 2019-09-27 11:07:10.364201+0800 LinkList[36953:1729163] 单链表1和单链表2是否相交:相交 //相交点从3开始
10、判断链表是否构成环,如果成环,求出环的入口节点
//单链表:判断链表是否构成环,如果成环,返回构成环的那个节点 +(SingleLinkNode *)circleWithNode:(SingleLinkNode *)headNode { //判空处理 if (!headNode || !headNode.next) { return nil; } //思路:采用快慢指针法 //快指针先走两步,慢指针走一步,如果成环,必然重合。走到第一次重合的地点后,重新设置一个指针p指向头结点,并与慢节点同步伐齐步走, //走到第二次相遇的地方,即为构成环的节点 SingleLinkNode *quick = headNode.next; SingleLinkNode *slow = headNode.next; SingleLinkNode *p = headNode.next; while (quick != nil && slow != nil) { quick = quick.next.next; slow = slow.next; if (quick == slow) { //第一次重合,结束循环 break; } } while (p != nil && slow != nil) { p = p.next; slow = slow.next; if (p == slow) { //第二次重合,找到成环的入口节点 return p; } } return nil; }
SingleLinkNode *head3 = [[SingleLinkNode alloc] init]; SingleLinkNode *node1111 = [SingleLinkNode constructNodeWithData:1]; SingleLinkNode *node2222 = [SingleLinkNode constructNodeWithData:3]; SingleLinkNode *node3333 = [SingleLinkNode constructNodeWithData:4]; SingleLinkNode *node4444 = [SingleLinkNode constructNodeWithData:5]; SingleLinkNode *node5555 = [SingleLinkNode constructNodeWithData:6]; SingleLinkNode *node6666 = [SingleLinkNode constructNodeWithData:7]; head3.next = node1111; node1111.next = node2222; node2222.next = node3333; node3333.next = node4444; node4444.next = node5555; node5555.next = node6666; node6666.next = node2222; /* 1 -> 3 -> 4 -> 5 \ / 7 - 6 */ SingleLinkNode *circleNode = [FuncontionHelper circleWithNode:head3]; NSLog(@"链表是否成环:%@, 成环的入口节点是%d:", circleNode != nil ? @"成环" : @"不成环", circleNode.data);
2019-09-27 11:07:10.364225+0800 LinkList[36953:1729163] 链表是否成环:成环, 成环的入口节点是3:
三、源码
FuncontionHelper.h
// // FuncontionHelper.h // LinkList // // Created by 夏远全 on 2019/9/25. // #import <Foundation/Foundation.h> #import "SingleLinkNode.h" #import "SingleCycleLinkNode.h" #import "DoubleLinkNode.h" #import "DoubleCycleLinkNode.h" NS_ASSUME_NONNULL_BEGIN @interface FuncontionHelper : NSObject //单链表:在头部插入节点 +(void)insetNodeAfterHead:(SingleLinkNode *)newNode headNode:(SingleLinkNode *)headNode; //单链表:在尾部插入节点 +(void)insetNodeAfterTail:(SingleLinkNode *)newNode headNode:(SingleLinkNode *)headNode; //单链表:在指定位置插入节点 +(void)insetNodeAtIndex:(int)k node:(SingleLinkNode *)newNode headNode:(SingleLinkNode *)headNode; //单链表:删除第k个位置的节点 +(SingleLinkNode *)deleteNodeAtIndex:(int)k headNode:(SingleLinkNode *)headNode; //单链表:查询第k个位置的节点 +(SingleLinkNode *)queryNodeIndex:(int)k headNode:(SingleLinkNode *)headNode; //单链表:查询倒数第k个位置的节点 +(SingleLinkNode *)queryNodeCountdown:(int)k headNode:(SingleLinkNode *)headNode; //单链表:正序遍历链表 +(NSArray<NSNumber *>*)printFromHeadWithNode:(SingleLinkNode *)headNode printPrefixText:(NSString *)text; //单链表:倒序遍历链表 +(NSArray<NSNumber *>*)printFromTailWithNode:(SingleLinkNode *)headNode; //单链表:反转链表 +(SingleLinkNode *)reverseWithNode:(SingleLinkNode *)headNode; //单链表:两个有序链表合成一个新的有序链表 +(SingleLinkNode *)combineWithNode:(SingleLinkNode *)headNode otherNode:(SingleLinkNode *)otherNode; //单链表:判断两个链表是否相交 +(BOOL)intersectWithNode:(SingleLinkNode *)headNode otherNode:(SingleLinkNode *)otherNode; //单链表:判断链表是否构成环,如果成环,返回构成环的那个节点 +(SingleLinkNode *)circleWithNode:(SingleLinkNode *)headNode; @end NS_ASSUME_NONNULL_END
FuncontionHelper.m
// // FuncontionHelper.m // LinkList // // Created by 夏远全 on 2019/9/25. // #import "FuncontionHelper.h" @implementation FuncontionHelper //在头部插入节点 +(void)insetNodeAfterHead:(SingleLinkNode *)newNode headNode:(SingleLinkNode *)headNode { //判空处理 if (!headNode) { return; } /* //方式一:先用一个临时节点记录头结点的下一个节点,然后将头结点指向新节点,新节点再指向临时节点 if (headNode.next == nil) { headNode.next = newNode; }else{ SingleLinkNode *tempNode = headNode.next; headNode.next = newNode; newNode.next = tempNode; } */ //方式二:先把新节点指向头结点的下一个节点,再让头结点指向新节点(比较常用) if (headNode.next == nil) { headNode.next = newNode; }else{ newNode.next = headNode.next; headNode.next = newNode; } } //在尾部插入节点 +(void)insetNodeAfterTail:(SingleLinkNode *)newNode headNode:(SingleLinkNode *)headNode { //判空处理 if (!headNode) { return; } if (headNode.next == nil) { headNode.next = newNode; } else{ SingleLinkNode *pNode = headNode; while (pNode.next != nil) { pNode = pNode.next; } pNode.next = newNode; } } //在指定位置插入节点 +(void)insetNodeAtIndex:(int)k node:(SingleLinkNode *)newNode headNode:(SingleLinkNode *)headNode { //判空处理 if (!headNode) { return; } if (headNode.next == nil) { headNode.next = newNode; } else{ SingleLinkNode *pNode = headNode; int i = 1; while (i < k && pNode.next != nil) { pNode = pNode.next; i++; } newNode.next = pNode.next; pNode.next = newNode; } } //单链表:删除第k个位置的节点 +(SingleLinkNode *)deleteNodeAtIndex:(int)k headNode:(SingleLinkNode *)headNode { //判空处理 if (!headNode || !headNode.next || k==0) { NSLog(@"%@",[NSString stringWithFormat:@"没有要删除的第%d个节点!",k]); return nil; } SingleLinkNode *pNode = headNode; SingleLinkNode *p = pNode;//移动指针 int i = 0; while (pNode.next != nil && i < k) { p = pNode; pNode = pNode.next; i++; } if (pNode != nil) { p.next = p.next.next; return pNode; } NSLog(@"%@",[NSString stringWithFormat:@"没有要删除的第%d个节点!",k]); return nil; } //单链表:查询第k个位置的节点 +(SingleLinkNode *)queryNodeIndex:(int)k headNode:(SingleLinkNode *)headNode { //判空处理 if (!headNode || !headNode.next) { NSLog(@"%@",[NSString stringWithFormat:@"没有查询到第%d个节点!",k]); return nil; } SingleLinkNode *pNode = headNode.next; int i = 1; while (pNode != nil && i < k) { pNode = pNode.next; i++; } if (pNode != nil) { return pNode; } NSLog(@"%@",[NSString stringWithFormat:@"没有查询到第%d个节点!",k]); return nil; } //单链表:查询倒数第k个位置的节点 +(SingleLinkNode *)queryNodeCountdown:(int)k headNode:(SingleLinkNode *)headNode { //判空处理 if (!headNode || !headNode.next) { NSLog(@"%@",[NSString stringWithFormat:@"没有查询到倒数第%d个节点!",k]); return nil; } /* //方式一:两次遍历法:第一次遍历获取链表总长度L,第二次遍历区间为[1,L-k+1]即可 int L = 0; SingleLinkNode *pNode = headNode.next; while (pNode != nil) { pNode = pNode.next; L++; } if (k > L) { NSLog(@"%@",[NSString stringWithFormat:@"没有查询到倒数第%d个节点!",k]); return nil; } pNode = headNode.next; for (int i=1; i<L-k+1; i++) { pNode = pNode.next; } return pNode; */ //方式二:使用快慢指针法,快指针先走k步,然后快慢指针一起走,等到快指针结束时,慢指针所在位置就是目标节点 SingleLinkNode *quickNode = headNode.next; SingleLinkNode *slowNode = headNode.next; int i = 0; while (quickNode != nil && i<k) { quickNode = quickNode.next; i++; } if (i == k) { while (quickNode != nil && slowNode != nil) { quickNode = quickNode.next; slowNode = slowNode.next; } if (quickNode == nil && slowNode != nil) { return slowNode; }else{ NSLog(@"%@",[NSString stringWithFormat:@"没有查询到倒数第%d个节点!",k]); return nil; } } NSLog(@"%@",[NSString stringWithFormat:@"没有查询到倒数第%d个节点!",k]); return nil; } //正序遍历链表 +(NSArray<NSNumber *>*)printFromHeadWithNode:(SingleLinkNode *)headNode printPrefixText:(NSString *)text { //判空处理 if (!headNode || !headNode.next) { return nil; } SingleLinkNode *pNode = headNode.next; NSMutableArray *items = [NSMutableArray array]; while (pNode!= nil) { [items addObject:@(pNode.data)]; pNode = pNode.next; } NSLog(@"%@:%@",text,[items componentsJoinedByString:@"->"]); return items; } //倒序遍历链表 +(NSArray<NSNumber *>*)printFromTailWithNode:(SingleLinkNode *)headNode{ //判空处理 if (!headNode || !headNode.next) { return nil; } //方式一:递归打印 /* NSMutableArray *items = [NSMutableArray array]; if (headNode.next != nil) { headNode = headNode.next; [self printFromTailWithNode:headNode]; [items addObject:@(headNode.data)]; } return items; */ //方式二:遍历指针偏移,每次遍历完一次后,要记录最后一个节点,然后将遍历指针移动到开头重新开始,与记录的最后一个节点作比较 NSMutableArray *items = [NSMutableArray array]; SingleLinkNode *pNode = headNode; SingleLinkNode *lastNode = nil; while (pNode != nil && lastNode != pNode) { pNode = pNode.next; if (pNode.next == nil || pNode.next == lastNode) { lastNode = pNode; pNode = headNode; [items addObject:@(lastNode.data)]; } } return items; } //反转链表 +(SingleLinkNode *)reverseWithNode:(SingleLinkNode *)headNode{ //判空处理 if (!headNode || !headNode.next) { return nil; } //采用头结点插入的方式反转 SingleLinkNode *p = headNode.next; ///定义遍历指针 SingleLinkNode *newHead = [[SingleLinkNode alloc] init]; ///定义反转后头结点 while (p != nil) { SingleLinkNode *temp = p.next;///记录下一个节点 p.next = newHead.next; ///当前节点指向新头结点的下一个节点 newHead.next = p; ///更换新头结点指向当前节点 p = temp; ///移动p指针 } return newHead; } //单链表:两个有序链表合成一个新的有序链表 +(SingleLinkNode *)combineWithNode:(SingleLinkNode *)headNode otherNode:(SingleLinkNode *)otherNode { //判空处理 if (!headNode || !headNode.next) { return otherNode; } if (!otherNode || !otherNode.next) { return headNode; } //一起开始扫描 SingleLinkNode *p1 = headNode.next; SingleLinkNode *p2 = otherNode.next; SingleLinkNode *newHead = [[SingleLinkNode alloc] init];//定义一个新头结点 while (p1 != nil && p2 != nil) { if (p1.data > p2.data) { otherNode.next = p2.next; //移动otherNode头结点指向当前节点的下一个节点 p2.next = nil;//将当前节点从otherNode链表断掉 [self insetNodeAfterTail:p2 headNode:newHead];//将当前节点插入到新链表newHead的尾部 p2 = otherNode.next;//获取otherNode链表的下一点节点 }else{ headNode.next = p1.next; p1.next = nil; [self insetNodeAfterTail:p1 headNode:newHead]; p1 = headNode.next; } } //处理没有扫描结束的链表 while (p1 != nil) { headNode.next = p1.next; p1.next = nil; [self insetNodeAfterTail:p1 headNode:newHead];//尾节点插入 p1 = headNode.next; } while (p2 != nil) { otherNode.next = p2.next; p2.next = nil; [self insetNodeAfterTail:p2 headNode:newHead];//尾节点插入 p2 = otherNode.next; } return newHead; } //单链表:判断两个链表是否相交 (只能是某一个链表的尾节点与另一链表的某一个节点相交) +(BOOL)intersectWithNode:(SingleLinkNode *)headNode otherNode:(SingleLinkNode *)otherNode { //判空处理 if (!headNode || !headNode.next || !otherNode || !otherNode.next) { return NO; } //思路:分别获取两个链表的长度,判断谁的链表更长,链表更长的先走完相差的步数,然后齐步走 SingleLinkNode *p1 = headNode.next; SingleLinkNode *p2 = otherNode.next; int L1 = 1; int L2 = 1; while (p1 != nil) { L1 ++; p1 = p1.next; } while (p2 != nil) { L2 ++; p2 = p2.next; } p1 = headNode.next; //将p1遍历指针移动到首节点 p2 = otherNode.next; //将p2遍历指针移动到首节点 int i=0; if (L1 > L2) { while (i < L1-L2 && p1 != nil) { //p1先走 p1 = p1.next; i++; } }else{ while (i < L2-L1 && p2 != nil) { //p2先走 p2 = p2.next; i++; } } if (i == ABS(L1-L2)) { while (p1 != nil && p2 != nil) { //p1、p2齐步走 if(p1.next == p2.next) return YES; //相交 p1 = p1.next; p2 = p2.next; } } return NO; } //单链表:判断链表是否构成环,如果成环,返回构成环的那个节点 +(SingleLinkNode *)circleWithNode:(SingleLinkNode *)headNode { //判空处理 if (!headNode || !headNode.next) { return nil; } //思路:采用快慢指针法 //快指针先走两步,慢指针走一步,如果成环,必然重合。走到第一次重合的地点后,重新设置一个指针p指向头结点,并与慢节点同步伐齐步走, //走到第二次相遇的地方,即为构成环的节点 SingleLinkNode *quick = headNode.next; SingleLinkNode *slow = headNode.next; SingleLinkNode *p = headNode.next; while (quick != nil && slow != nil) { quick = quick.next.next; slow = slow.next; if (quick == slow) { //第一次重合,结束循环 break; } } while (p != nil && slow != nil) { p = p.next; slow = slow.next; if (p == slow) { //第二次重合,找到成环的入口节点 return p; } } return nil; } @end
main方法
// // main.m // LinkList // // Created by 夏远全 on 2019/9/25. // #import <Foundation/Foundation.h> #import "FuncontionHelper.h" int main(int argc, const char * argv[]) { @autoreleasepool { //1、构建一个单链表 SingleLinkNode *head = [[SingleLinkNode alloc] init]; SingleLinkNode *node1 = [SingleLinkNode constructNodeWithData:1]; SingleLinkNode *node2 = [SingleLinkNode constructNodeWithData:2]; SingleLinkNode *node3 = [SingleLinkNode constructNodeWithData:3]; head.next = node1; node1.next = node2; node2.next = node3; [FuncontionHelper printFromHeadWithNode:head printPrefixText:@"构造单链表为"]; //2、从单链表中插入节点 SingleLinkNode *node4 = [SingleLinkNode constructNodeWithData:4]; [FuncontionHelper insetNodeAfterHead:node4 headNode:head]; [FuncontionHelper printFromHeadWithNode:head printPrefixText:@"在单链表头部插入节点4后"]; SingleLinkNode *node5 = [SingleLinkNode constructNodeWithData:5]; [FuncontionHelper insetNodeAfterTail:node5 headNode:head]; [FuncontionHelper printFromHeadWithNode:head printPrefixText:@"在单链表尾部插入节点5后"]; SingleLinkNode *node6 = [SingleLinkNode constructNodeWithData:6]; [FuncontionHelper insetNodeAtIndex:2 node:node6 headNode:head]; [FuncontionHelper printFromHeadWithNode:head printPrefixText:@"在单链表第2个位置插入节点6后"]; //3、删除节点 SingleLinkNode *deleteNode = [FuncontionHelper deleteNodeAtIndex:1 headNode:head]; NSString *prefixText = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"删除第1个位置的节点%d后单链表为",deleteNode.data]; [FuncontionHelper printFromHeadWithNode:head printPrefixText:prefixText]; //4、查询节点 SingleLinkNode *node_x = [FuncontionHelper queryNodeIndex:1 headNode:head]; if (node_x) NSLog(@"查询到第1个结点的值是:%d",node_x.data); SingleLinkNode *node_y = [FuncontionHelper queryNodeCountdown:1 headNode:head]; if (node_y) NSLog(@"查询到倒数第1个结点的值是:%d",node_y.data); //5、倒序遍历 NSArray *items = [FuncontionHelper printFromTailWithNode:head]; NSLog(@"链表倒序遍历:%@",[items componentsJoinedByString:@"、"]); //6、反转链表 SingleLinkNode *newHead = [FuncontionHelper reverseWithNode:head]; [FuncontionHelper printFromHeadWithNode:newHead printPrefixText:@"将单链表反转后"]; //7、合并单链表 SingleLinkNode *head1 = [[SingleLinkNode alloc] init]; SingleLinkNode *node11 = [SingleLinkNode constructNodeWithData:1]; SingleLinkNode *node22 = [SingleLinkNode constructNodeWithData:3]; SingleLinkNode *node33 = [SingleLinkNode constructNodeWithData:5]; head1.next = node11; node11.next = node22; node22.next = node33; [FuncontionHelper printFromHeadWithNode:head1 printPrefixText:@"构造第一个有序单链表为:"]; SingleLinkNode *otherHead = [[SingleLinkNode alloc] init]; SingleLinkNode *node44 = [SingleLinkNode constructNodeWithData:2]; SingleLinkNode *node55 = [SingleLinkNode constructNodeWithData:4]; SingleLinkNode *node66 = [SingleLinkNode constructNodeWithData:6]; SingleLinkNode *node77 = [SingleLinkNode constructNodeWithData:8]; otherHead.next = node44; node44.next = node55; node55.next = node66; node66.next = node77; [FuncontionHelper printFromHeadWithNode:otherHead printPrefixText:@"构造第二个有序单链表为:"]; SingleLinkNode *combieHeadNode = [FuncontionHelper combineWithNode:head1 otherNode:otherHead]; [FuncontionHelper printFromHeadWithNode:combieHeadNode printPrefixText:@"合并后的有序新链表为:"]; //8、判断相交 SingleLinkNode *head2 = [[SingleLinkNode alloc] init]; SingleLinkNode *node111 = [SingleLinkNode constructNodeWithData:1]; SingleLinkNode *node222 = [SingleLinkNode constructNodeWithData:3]; SingleLinkNode *node333 = [SingleLinkNode constructNodeWithData:5]; head2.next = node111; node111.next = node222; node222.next = node333; [FuncontionHelper printFromHeadWithNode:head2 printPrefixText:@"单链表1"]; SingleLinkNode *otherHead2 = [[SingleLinkNode alloc] init]; SingleLinkNode *node444 = [SingleLinkNode constructNodeWithData:2]; SingleLinkNode *node555 = [SingleLinkNode constructNodeWithData:4]; SingleLinkNode *node666 = [SingleLinkNode constructNodeWithData:6]; SingleLinkNode *node777 = [SingleLinkNode constructNodeWithData:8]; otherHead2.next = node444; node444.next = node555; node555.next = node666; node666.next = node777; node777.next = node222;//指向链表1的node222节点 [FuncontionHelper printFromHeadWithNode:otherHead2 printPrefixText:@"单链表2"]; BOOL isIntersect = [FuncontionHelper intersectWithNode:head2 otherNode:otherHead2]; NSLog(@"单链表1和单链表2是否相交:%@", isIntersect ? @"相交" : @"不相交"); //8、判断成环 SingleLinkNode *head3 = [[SingleLinkNode alloc] init]; SingleLinkNode *node1111 = [SingleLinkNode constructNodeWithData:1]; SingleLinkNode *node2222 = [SingleLinkNode constructNodeWithData:3]; SingleLinkNode *node3333 = [SingleLinkNode constructNodeWithData:4]; SingleLinkNode *node4444 = [SingleLinkNode constructNodeWithData:5]; SingleLinkNode *node5555 = [SingleLinkNode constructNodeWithData:6]; SingleLinkNode *node6666 = [SingleLinkNode constructNodeWithData:7]; head3.next = node1111; node1111.next = node2222; node2222.next = node3333; node3333.next = node4444; node4444.next = node5555; node5555.next = node6666; node6666.next = node2222; /* 1 -> 3 -> 4 -> 5 \ / 7 - 6 */ SingleLinkNode *circleNode = [FuncontionHelper circleWithNode:head3]; NSLog(@"链表是否成环:%@, 成环的入口节点是%d:", circleNode != nil ? @"成环" : @"不成环", circleNode.data); } return 0; }
原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/XYQ-208910/p/11597067.html
时间: 2024-10-09 21:46:46