This tutorial shows you how to query data from a MySQL database in Python by using MySQL Connector/Python API such as fetchone() , fetchmany() , and fetchall() .
To query data in a MySQL database from Python, you need to do the following steps:
- Connect to the MySQL Database, you get a
MySQLConnectionobject. - Instantiate a
MySQLCursorobject from the theMySQLConnectionobject. - Use the cursor to execute a query by calling its
execute()method. - Use
fetchone(),fetchmany()orfetchall()method to fetch data from the result set. - Close the cursor as well as the database connection by calling the
close()method of the corresponding object.
We will show you how to use fetchone() , fetchmany() , and fetchall() methods in more detail in the following sections.
Querying data with fetchone
The fetchone() method returns the next row of a query result set or None in case there is no row left. Let’s take a look at the following code:
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from mysql.connector import MySQLConnection, Error from python_mysql_dbconfig import read_db_config def query_with_fetchone(): try: dbconfig = read_db_config() conn = MySQLConnection(**dbconfig) cursor = conn.cursor() cursor.execute("SELECT * FROM books") row = cursor.fetchone() while row is not None: print(row) row = cursor.fetchone() except Error as e: print(e) finally: cursor.close() conn.close() if __name__ == ‘__main__‘: query_with_fetchone() |
Let’s examine the code in detail:
- First, we connected to the database by create a new
MySQLConnectionobject - Second, from the
MySQLConnectionobject, we instantiated a newMySQLCursorobject - Third, we executed a query that selects all rows from the
bookstable. - Fourth, we called
fetchone()method to fetch the next row in the result set. In thewhile loopblock, we printed out the content of the row and move to the next row until all rows are fetched. - Fifth, we closed both cursor and connection objects by invoking the
close()method of the corresponding object.
Querying data with fetchall
In case the number of rows in the table is small, you can use the fetchall() method to fetch all rows from the database table. See the following code.
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from mysql.connector import MySQLConnection, Error from python_mysql_dbconfig import read_db_config def query_with_fetchall(): try: dbconfig = read_db_config() conn = MySQLConnection(**dbconfig) cursor = conn.cursor() cursor.execute("SELECT * FROM books") rows = cursor.fetchall() print(‘Total Row(s):‘, cursor.rowcount) for row in rows: print(row) except Error as e: print(e) finally: cursor.close() conn.close() if __name__ == ‘__main__‘: query_with_fetchall() |
The logic is similar to the example with the fetchone() method except for the fetchall()method call part. Because we fetched all rows from the books table into the memory, we can get the total rows returned by using the rowcount property of the cursor object.
Querying data with fetchmany
For a relatively big table, it takes time to fetch all rows and return the result set. In addition, fetchall() needs to allocate enough memory to store the entire result set in the memory. This is inefficient and not a good practice.
MySQL Connector/Python provides us with the fetchmany() method that returns the next number of rows (n) of the result set, which allows us to balance between time and memory space. Let’s take a look at how do we use fetchmany() method.
First, we develop a generator that chunks the database calls into a series of fetchmany() calls as follows:
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def iter_row(cursor, size=10): while True: rows = cursor.fetchmany(size) if not rows: break for row in rows: yield row |
Second, we can use the iter_row() generator to fetch 10 rows at a time as shown below:
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def query_with_fetchmany(): try: dbconfig = read_db_config() conn = MySQLConnection(**dbconfig) cursor = conn.cursor() cursor.execute("SELECT * FROM books") for row in iter_row(cursor, 10): print(row) except Error as e: print(e) finally: cursor.close() conn.close() |