Description
?? gets an sequence S with n intergers(0 < n <= 100000,0<= S[i] <= 1000000).?? has a magic so that he can change 0 to any interger(He does not need to change all 0 to the same interger).?? wants you to help him to find out the length of the longest increasing (strictly) subsequence he can get.
Input
The first line contains an interger T,denoting the number of the test cases.(T <= 10)
For each case,the first line contains an interger n,which is the length of the array s.
The next line contains n intergers separated by a single space, denote each number in S.
Output
For each test case, output one line containing “Case #x: y”(without quotes), where x is the test case number(starting from 1) and y is the length of the longest increasing subsequence he can get.
Sample Input
2 7 2 0 2 1 2 0 5 6 1 2 3 3 0 0
Sample Output
Case #1: 5 Case #2: 5
Hint
In the first case,you can change the second 0 to 3.So the longest increasing subsequence is 0 1 2 3 5.
英文题目难读，但是题意简单，就是给出一序列整数，0可以变成任意数，求出他的最长上升子序列的长度，必须例一，将2 0 5中的0变成3，最长子序列就是0 1 2 3 5。
对于这题不能直接求出最长上升子序列的长度，可以先让每个数减去它前面0的个数，再求出非0的数序列的最长上升子序列的长度,最后求出的长度加上零的数量。
假设让所有的零都进去最长连续子序列，例如a 0 0 0 b,可以先不看b，将a 0 0 0看成连续的上升序列，用b减去0的数量b-3，如果b-3>a说明a可以大于最后一个零的值，a b-3为非0数最长子序列，长度为2，加上0的个数，最后结果为5，如果b-3<a的值，说明最长子序列只能到最后一个零，a或b为非零数中最长子序列，长度为1，加上0的数量，最后结果为4，最后求的序列就是a 0 0 0（0为任意数）
1 #include<cstdio>
2 #include<algorithm>
3 #define INF 0x3f3f3f3f
4 using namespace std;
5 int b[100100],g[100100];
6 int main()
7 {
8 int t,s=0;
9 scanf("%d",&t);
10 while(t--)
11 {
12 int n,sum0=0;
13 int i,a,j;
14 scanf("%d",&n);
15 int num=0;
16 for(i = 1 ; i <= n ; i++)
17 {
18 scanf("%d",&a);
19 g[i]=INF;
20 if(a == 0)
21 {
22 sum0++;
23 continue;
24 }
25 b[++num]=a-sum0; //记录每个数都减去前面的0的数量
26 }
27 int max0=0;
28 for(i = 1 ; i <= num ; i++)
29 {
30 int k=lower_bound(g+1,g+num+1,b[i])-g; //类似二分法，把b[i]的数存到g[i]中
31 max0=max0>k?max0:k; //直接记录最长子序列长度（相当于d[i]记录以第i个数结尾的子序列的最大长度，再比较d[i]的最大值）
32 g[k]=b[i];
33 }
34 printf("Case #%d: %d\n",++s,max0+sum0);
35 }
36 }