语言基础
基础知识
pycharm快捷键
-
快速复制
光标定位到某行或者选中很多行 crtl/command + d
- 注释
光标定位到某行或者选中很多行 crtl/command + /
- 删除（剪切）
光标定位到某行或者选中很多行 crtl/command + d
pycharm 简单设置
- python模版文件设置
command + ， -> Editor -> Code Style -> File and Code Templaates -> Python Script
- 解释器修改
command + ， -> Project:Pycharm Project -> Project Interpreter -> Project Interpreter:
- 安装python模块
ps: 另外一种方法是通过pip来进行安装。command + ， -> Project:Pycharm Project -> Project Interpreter -> 点击”+“，-> 搜索框输入要安装的模块 -> 点击左下方的 -> Install Package
第一个程序
#!/usr/bin/env python
#-*- coding:utf-8 -*-
#Authour fei.wang
#Date:
print("hello")备注：
1，2行为固定的写法（必须），3 4行是规范，标明作者和脚本新建时间。
第1行 表示python解释器。
第2行 表示脚本的编码格式。字符串
定义一个字符串
>>> name = "wangfei"
>>> print(name)
wangfei
>>> print(type(name))
<class ‘str‘>字符串切片
>>> name[0]
‘w‘
>>> name[1]
‘a‘
>>> name[0:]
‘wangfei‘
>>> name[0:4]
‘wang‘格式化字符
>>> print("name: %s" %name)
name: wangfei
>>> print("name:{}".format(name))
name:wangfei
>>> age = 18
>>> print("name:{} age:{}".format(name,age))
name:wangfei age:18字符串内建函数
startswith
>>> cmd = "ifconfig -a"
>>> cmd.startswith("if")
True
>>> if cmd.startswith("if"):
... print("ok")
...
okendswitch
>>> cmd2 = "hellow boy"
>>> if cmd2.endswith("boy"):
... print("ok")
... else:
... print("no")
...
okreplace
>>> cmd2.replace("boy","girl")
‘hellow girl‘split 切割
>>> v = "a.b.c.d.e.f"
>>> v.split(".")
[‘a‘, ‘b‘, ‘c‘, ‘d‘, ‘e‘, ‘f‘]join
>>> li = v.split(".")
>>> "+".join(li)
‘a+b+c+d+e+f‘list
特性 ：有序 可重复 可迭代 可嵌套
>>> li = [1,2,3,4,4]
>>> li[0]
1
>>> li.append("5")
>>> li
[1, 2, 3, 4, 4, ‘5‘]
>>> li.pop()
‘5‘
>>> li.pop()
4
>>> li.pop()
4
>>> li.pop()
3
>>> li = [1,2,3,4,4]
>>> for iter in li:
... print(iter)
...
1
2
3
4
4dict
特性： 无序，key values ，key唯一，可嵌套
>>> name = {"k1":"v1","k2":"v2","k3":"v3","k4":[1,2,3,4,5,6,7]}
>>> name["k1"]
‘v1‘
>>> name["k4"]
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7]
>>> name["k4"][0]
1
>>> name["k4"][-1]
7
>>> name["k5"]="v5"
>>> name
{‘k5‘: ‘v5‘, ‘k2‘: ‘v2‘, ‘k4‘: [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7], ‘k3‘: ‘v3‘, ‘k1‘: ‘v1‘}
>>> del name["k5"]
>>> name
{‘k2‘: ‘v2‘, ‘k4‘: [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7], ‘k3‘: ‘v3‘, ‘k1‘: ‘v1‘}
>>> name["k5"]
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
KeyError: ‘k5‘
>>> for k in name:
... print("key:{},values:{}".format(k,name[k]))
...
key:k2,values:v2
key:k4,values:[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7]
key:k3,values:v3
key:k1,values:v1条件判断
if
num = 3
if num > 2 :
print("{} > 2".format(num))
else:
print("{} < 2".format(num))
例子：
import os
cmd = "ifconfig -a"
if cmd.startswith("rm"):
print("forbid command.")
else:
os.system(cmd)循环
for
for num in range(9):
print(num)
# break 中止循环
for num in range(9):
if num > 8:
break
print(num)
# continue 跳出本层循环
for num in range(9):
if num == 8:
continue
print(num)while
import time
while True:
time.sleep(2)
print("aaa")数据结构
函数
函数的定义和执行
def func():
print("hellow")
func()函数的返回值
def func():
print("hellow")
return "hellow"
# 默认返回是None
re = func()
print(re)局部变量和全局变量
num = 10 # 全局变量
def func():
num = 1 # 局部变量
print("hellow")
func()往函数里去传参数
# 形式参数
def func(name,age):
print("name {},age {}".format(name,age))
func("wf","18")
# 默认参数
def func(name,age=18):
print("name {},age {}".format(name,age))
func("wf","27")
# 位置参数
def func(name,age=18):
print("name {},age {}".format(name,age))
func(age = 18,name = "wf")
# 传入多参数
def func(*args):
print(args)
for Iter in args:
print(Iter)
li = [1,2,3,4,5]
func(*li)
# 传入key values
def func(**kwargs):
print(kwargs["name"],kwargs["age"])
msg = {"name":"wf","age":18}
func(**msg)
# 万能参数
def func(*args,**kwargs):
print(‘‘‘
args:{}
kwargs:{}‘‘‘.format(args,kwargs))
li = [1,2,3,4]
msg = {"name":"wf","age":18}
func(*li,**msg)- 列子实战：
文件清理脚本
import os
def remove_file(path,tag):
for Iter in os.walk(path):
for file in Iter[-1]:
file_abspath = Iter[0] + "/" + file
if file_abspath.endswith("txt"):
print("remove file:{}".format(file_abspath))
#os.remove(file_abspath)
if __name__ == "__main__":
# path = input("path:> ")
path = "/Users/feiwang/PycharmProjects/python-study2/work/test"
# tag = input("tag")
tag = "txt"
remove_file(path,tag)装饰器
def f0(func):
def wrapper(*args,**kwargs):
print("hello")
func()
print("bye")
return wrapper
@f0
def f1():
print("my name is wf.")
f1()模块
导入模块
import 模块
from 模块 import 方法
from 文件夹路径.模块 import 方法
from 文件夹路径.模块 import 方法 as 别名json
序列化 反序列化
import json
dic = {
"name":"wf",
"age":"18",
"sex":"man",
"salary":20000,
"interest":["read",
"game",
"music"],}
re = json.dumps(dic) # 序列化；把字典变成字符串
print(type(re))
dic2 = json.loads(re) # 反序列化；把字符串变成字典
print(type(dic2))例子：
使用requests 从api接口获取json格式的数据，并进行反序列化。
import requests
import json
para = {‘token‘: ‘HPcWR7l4NJNJ‘, ‘name‘: ‘adminset‘}
# 参数拼接
r = requests.get("http://115.28.147.154/cmdb/get/host/", params = para)
data = r.text
print(r.url) # 显示拼接的url
d1 = json.loads(data)
print(type(d1))文件操作
open直接打开
file = open("url_list.txt","r")
# re = file.read # 读取文件所有行
# re = file.readline() # 一行一行的读取文件内容
re = file.readlines() # 读取所有的文件内容，返回的是一个列表
print(re)
file.close()with 上下文处理（推荐）
with open("url_list.txt","r") as file:
# re = file.read # 读取文件所有行
# re = file.readline() # 一行一行的读取
re = file.readlines() # 读取文件的所有行，返回的是一个列表
print(re)列子：
对一个日志文件内容进行处理，处理后的内容单独的放到一个文件里。
要求：每次打开时，应该接着上一次的内容位置进行处理，而不是从头再开始。
from time import ctime
import os
import time
tag = 0
while True:
with open("url_list.txt","rb+") as file ,open("url_list.log","ab+") as log_file:
file.seek(tag) # 挪动文件指针，到指定位置
while True:
line = file.readline()
if line:
new_line = str(ctime()) + " - " + str(line,encoding="utf-8")
print(new_line)
log_file.write(bytes(new_line,encoding="utf-8"))
else:
break
tag = file.tell() # 获取文件指针位置
time.sleep(2)
print("-"*50)原文地址：http://blog.51cto.com/damaicha/2122647
时间： 2024-10-14 00:57:11