数据是企业的第四张名片,企业级开发中少不了数据的加密传输,所以本文介绍下SpringBoot中接口数据加密、解密的方式。
本文目录
一、加密方案介绍二、实现原理三、实战四、测试五、踩到的坑
一、加密方案介绍
对接口的加密解密操作主要有下面两种方式:
- 自定义消息转换器
优势:仅需实现接口,配置简单。
劣势:仅能对同一类型的MediaType进行加解密操作,不灵活。
- 使用spring提供的接口RequestBodyAdvice和ResponseBodyAdvice
优势:可以按照请求的Referrer、Header或url进行判断,按照特定需要进行加密解密。
比如在一个项目升级的时候,新开发功能的接口需要加解密,老功能模块走之前的逻辑不加密,这时候就只能选择上面的第二种方式了,下面主要介绍下第二种方式加密、解密的过程。
二、实现原理
RequestBodyAdvice可以理解为在@RequestBody之前需要进行的 操作,ResponseBodyAdvice可以理解为在@ResponseBody之后进行的操作,所以当接口需要加解密时,在使用@RequestBody接收前台参数之前可以先在RequestBodyAdvice的实现类中进行参数的解密,当操作结束需要返回数据时,可以在@ResponseBody之后进入ResponseBodyAdvice的实现类中进行参数的加密。
RequestBodyAdvice处理请求的过程:
RequestBodyAdvice源码如下:
public interface RequestBodyAdvice {
boolean supports(MethodParameter methodParameter, Type targetType, Class<? extends HttpMessageConverter<?>> converterType);
HttpInputMessage beforeBodyRead(HttpInputMessage inputMessage, MethodParameter parameter, Type targetType, Class<? extends HttpMessageConverter<?>> converterType) throws IOException;
Object afterBodyRead(Object body, HttpInputMessage inputMessage, MethodParameter parameter, Type targetType, Class<? extends HttpMessageConverter<?>> converterType);
@Nullable Object handleEmptyBody(@Nullable Object body, HttpInputMessage inputMessage, MethodParameter parameter, Type targetType, Class<? extends HttpMessageConverter<?>> converterType);
}
调用RequestBodyAdvice实现类的部分代码如下:
protected <T> Object readWithMessageConverters(HttpInputMessage inputMessage, MethodParameter parameter, Type targetType) throws IOException, HttpMediaTypeNotSupportedException, HttpMessageNotReadableException {
MediaType contentType; boolean noContentType = false; try { contentType = inputMessage.getHeaders().getContentType(); } catch (InvalidMediaTypeException ex) { throw new HttpMediaTypeNotSupportedException(ex.getMessage()); } if (contentType == null) { noContentType = true; contentType = MediaType.APPLICATION_OCTET_STREAM; }
Class<?> contextClass = parameter.getContainingClass(); Class<T> targetClass = (targetType instanceof Class ? (Class<T>) targetType : null); if (targetClass == null) { ResolvableType resolvableType = ResolvableType.forMethodParameter(parameter); targetClass = (Class<T>) resolvableType.resolve(); }
HttpMethod httpMethod = (inputMessage instanceof HttpRequest ? ((HttpRequest) inputMessage).getMethod() : null); Object body = NO_VALUE;
EmptyBodyCheckingHttpInputMessage message; try { message = new EmptyBodyCheckingHttpInputMessage(inputMessage);
for (HttpMessageConverter<?> converter : this.messageConverters) { Class<HttpMessageConverter<?>> converterType = (Class<HttpMessageConverter<?>>) converter.getClass(); GenericHttpMessageConverter<?> genericConverter = (converter instanceof GenericHttpMessageConverter ? (GenericHttpMessageConverter<?>) converter : null); if (genericConverter != null ? genericConverter.canRead(targetType, contextClass, contentType) : (targetClass != null && converter.canRead(targetClass, contentType))) { if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) { logger.debug("Read [" + targetType + "] as \"" + contentType + "\" with [" + converter + "]"); } if (message.hasBody()) { HttpInputMessage msgToUse = getAdvice().beforeBodyRead(message, parameter, targetType, converterType); body = (genericConverter != null ? genericConverter.read(targetType, contextClass, msgToUse) : ((HttpMessageConverter<T>) converter).read(targetClass, msgToUse)); body = getAdvice().afterBodyRead(body, msgToUse, parameter, targetType, converterType); } else { body = getAdvice().handleEmptyBody(null, message, parameter, targetType, converterType); } break; } } } catch (IOException ex) { throw new HttpMessageNotReadableException("I/O error while reading input message", ex); }
if (body == NO_VALUE) { if (httpMethod == null || !SUPPORTED_METHODS.contains(httpMethod) || (noContentType && !message.hasBody())) { return null; } throw new HttpMediaTypeNotSupportedException(contentType, this.allSupportedMediaTypes); }
return body; }
从上面源码可以到当converter.canRead()和message.hasBody()都为true的时候,会调用beforeBodyRead()和afterBodyRead()方法,所以我们在实现类的afterBodyRead()中添加解密代码即可。
ResponseBodyAdvice处理响应的过程:
ResponseBodyAdvice源码如下:
public interface ResponseBodyAdvice<T> {
boolean supports(MethodParameter returnType, Class<? extends HttpMessageConverter<?>> converterType);
@Nullable T beforeBodyWrite(@Nullable T body, MethodParameter returnType, MediaType selectedContentType, Class<? extends HttpMessageConverter<?>> selectedConverterType, ServerHttpRequest request, ServerHttpResponse response);
}
调用ResponseBodyAdvice实现类的部分代码如下:
if (selectedMediaType != null) { selectedMediaType = selectedMediaType.removeQualityValue(); for (HttpMessageConverter<?> converter : this.messageConverters) { GenericHttpMessageConverter genericConverter = (converter instanceof GenericHttpMessageConverter ? (GenericHttpMessageConverter<?>) converter : null); if (genericConverter != null ? ((GenericHttpMessageConverter) converter).canWrite(declaredType, valueType, selectedMediaType) : converter.canWrite(valueType, selectedMediaType)) { outputValue = (T) getAdvice().beforeBodyWrite(outputValue, returnType, selectedMediaType, (Class<? extends HttpMessageConverter<?>>) converter.getClass(), inputMessage, outputMessage); if (outputValue != null) { addContentDispositionHeader(inputMessage, outputMessage); if (genericConverter != null) { genericConverter.write(outputValue, declaredType, selectedMediaType, outputMessage); } else { ((HttpMessageConverter) converter).write(outputValue, selectedMediaType, outputMessage); } if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) { logger.debug("Written [" + outputValue + "] as \"" + selectedMediaType + "\" using [" + converter + "]"); } } return; } } }
从上面源码可以到当converter.canWrite()为true的时候,会调用beforeBodyWrite()方法,所以我们在实现类的beforeBodyWrite()中添加解密代码即可。
三、实战
新建一个spring boot项目spring-boot-encry,按照下面步骤操作。
- pom.xml中引入jar
<dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId> </dependency>
<dependency> <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId> <artifactId>lombok</artifactId> <optional>true</optional> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId> <scope>test</scope> <exclusions> <exclusion> <groupId>org.junit.vintage</groupId> <artifactId>junit-vintage-engine</artifactId> </exclusion> </exclusions> </dependency>
<dependency> <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId> <artifactId>fastjson</artifactId> <version>1.2.60</version> </dependency> </dependencies>
- 请求参数解密拦截类
DecryptRequestBodyAdvice代码如下:
/** * 请求参数 解密操作 * * @Author: Java碎碎念 * @Date: 2019/10/24 21:31 * */@Component@ControllerAdvice(basePackages = "com.example.springbootencry.controller")@Slf4jpublic class DecryptRequestBodyAdvice implements RequestBodyAdvice {
@Override public boolean supports(MethodParameter methodParameter, Type targetType, Class<? extends HttpMessageConverter<?>> converterType) { return true; }
@Override public HttpInputMessage beforeBodyRead(HttpInputMessage inputMessage, MethodParameter methodParameter, Type targetType, Class<? extends HttpMessageConverter<?>> selectedConverterType) throws IOException { return inputMessage; }
@Override public Object afterBodyRead(Object body, HttpInputMessage inputMessage, MethodParameter parameter, Type targetType, Class<? extends HttpMessageConverter<?>> converterType) { String dealData = null; try { //解密操作 Map<String,String> dataMap = (Map)body; String srcData = dataMap.get("data"); dealData = DesUtil.decrypt(srcData); } catch (Exception e) { log.error("异常!", e); } return dealData; }
@Override public Object handleEmptyBody(@Nullable Object var1, HttpInputMessage var2, MethodParameter var3, Type var4, Class<? extends HttpMessageConverter<?>> var5) { log.info("3333"); return var1; }
}
- 响应参数加密拦截类
EncryResponseBodyAdvice代码如下:
/** * 请求参数 解密操作 * * @Author: Java碎碎念 * @Date: 2019/10/24 21:31 * */@Component@ControllerAdvice(basePackages = "com.example.springbootencry.controller")@Slf4jpublic class EncryResponseBodyAdvice implements ResponseBodyAdvice<Object> {
@Override public boolean supports(MethodParameter returnType, Class<? extends HttpMessageConverter<?>> converterType) { return true; }
@Override public Object beforeBodyWrite(Object obj, MethodParameter returnType, MediaType selectedContentType, Class<? extends HttpMessageConverter<?>> selectedConverterType, ServerHttpRequest serverHttpRequest, ServerHttpResponse serverHttpResponse) { //通过 ServerHttpRequest的实现类ServletServerHttpRequest 获得HttpServletRequest ServletServerHttpRequest sshr = (ServletServerHttpRequest) serverHttpRequest; //此处获取到request 是为了取到在拦截器里面设置的一个对象 是我项目需要,可以忽略 HttpServletRequest request = sshr.getServletRequest();
String returnStr = "";
try { //添加encry header,告诉前端数据已加密 serverHttpResponse.getHeaders().add("encry", "true"); String srcData = JSON.toJSONString(obj); //加密 returnStr = DesUtil.encrypt(srcData); log.info("接口={},原始数据={},加密后数据={}", request.getRequestURI(), srcData, returnStr);
} catch (Exception e) { log.error("异常!", e); } return returnStr; }
- 新建controller类
TestController代码如下:
/** * @Author: Java碎碎念 * @Date: 2019/10/24 21:40 */@RestControllerpublic class TestController {
Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(getClass());
/** * 响应数据 加密 */ @RequestMapping(value = "/sendResponseEncryData") public Result sendResponseEncryData() { Result result = Result.createResult().setSuccess(true); result.setDataValue("name", "Java碎碎念"); result.setDataValue("encry", true); return result; }
/** * 获取 解密后的 请求参数 */ @RequestMapping(value = "/getRequestData") public Result getRequestData(@RequestBody Object object) { log.info("controller接收的参数object={}", object.toString()); Result result = Result.createResult().setSuccess(true); return result; }}
- 其他类在源码中,后面有github地址
四、测试
- 访问响应数据加密接口
使用postman发请求http://localhost:8888/sendResponseEncryData,可以看到返回数据已加密,请求截图如下:
响应数据加密截图
后台也打印相关的日志,内容如下:
接口=/sendResponseEncryData
原始数据={"data":{"encry":true,"name":"Java碎碎念"},"success":true}
加密后数据=vJc26g3SQRU9gAJdG7rhnAx6Ky/IhgioAgdwi6aLMMtyynAB4nEbMxvDsKEPNIa5bQaT7ZAImAL73VeicCuSTA==
- 访问请求数据解密接口
使用postman发请求http://localhost:8888/getRequestData,可以看到请求数据已解密,请求截图如下:
请求数据解密截图
后台也打印相关的日志,内容如下:
接收到原始请求数据={"data":"VwLvdE8N6FuSxn/jRrJavATopaBA3M1QEN+9bkuf2jPwC1eSofgahQ=="}
解密后数据={"name":"Java碎碎念","des":"请求参数"}
五、踩到的坑
- 测试解密请求参数时候,请求体一定要有数据,否则不会调用实现类触发解密操作。
到此SpringBoot中如何灵活的实现接口数据的加解密功能的功能已经全部实现,有问题欢迎留言沟通哦!
完整源码地址: https://github.com/suisui2019/springboot-study
点击文章底部”阅读原文“可以直达源码地址。
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原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/haha12/p/11750533.html