1,shell变量的替换
变量可以根据变量是否为空或者被删除,而被替换为特定的值
${var} 变量本来的值
$(var:-word) 如果变量为空,或者已被删除那么返回word,但是不改变var的值
name="xiaoming"
echo "xiaoming ‘s age is ${age:-12}"
ech "age = ${age}"
>>>>>>>>
xiaoming ‘s age is 12
age =
>>>>>>>
$(var:=word) 如果变量为空,或者已被删除那么返回word,改变var的值
name="xiaoming"
age=11
echo "xiaoming ‘s age is ${age:+12}"
ech "age = ${age}"
>>>>>>>>
xiaoming ‘s age is 12
age = 12
>>>>>>
$(var:?word) 如果变量为空,或者已被删除那么返回word,那么将message送到标准错误输出
name="xiaoming"
echo "xiaoming ‘s age is ${age:-12}"
ech "age = ${age}"
>>>>>>>>
./hello.sh: 行 8: age: 12
>>>>>>>
$(var:+word) 如果var被定义,那么返回word,但是不改变var的值
举例
name="xiaoming"
age=11
echo "xiaoming ‘s age is ${age:=12}"
ech "age = ${age}"
>>>>>>>>
xiaoming ‘s age is 12
age = 11
>>>>>>>
2,命令替换是指shell可以先执行命令保存,然后在适当的地方输出
lll=`ls` 注意这里是反引号,不是单引号
echo ${lll}
3,转义字符
\\ 反斜杠
\a 警报 响铃
\b 退格(删除键)
\f 换页
\n 换行
\r 回车
\t 水平制表符
\w 垂直制表符