最近有个项目不仅需要取部门的层级关系,还要处理不规则的关系(移除某个部门),只有树结构才能实现相关遍历和操作。
涉及到的知识点:泛型、递归、数据结构
既然研究树类型就先来看下树的定义:
一棵树(tree)是由n(n>0)个元素组成的有限集合,其中:
(1)每个元素称为结点(node);
(2)有一个特定的结点,称为根结点或根(root);
(3)除根结点外,其余结点被分成m(m>=0)个互不相交的有限集合,而每个子集又都是一棵树(称为原树的子树);——百度
本文将简化树,只研究树的结点-结点树。结点树包含:父结点(根结点的父结点为null)、子结点(List集合)、数据对象。
类的设计:
public class BoTree<T> { public BoTree() { nodes = new List<BoTree<T>>(); } public BoTree(T data) { this.Data = data; nodes = new List<BoTree<T>>(); } private BoTree<T> parent; /// <summary> /// 父结点 /// </summary> public BoTree<T> Parent { get { return parent; } } /// <summary> /// 结点数据 /// </summary> public T Data { get; set; } private List<BoTree<T>> nodes; /// <summary> /// 子结点 /// </summary> public List<BoTree<T>> Nodes { get { return nodes; } } /// <summary> /// 添加结点 /// </summary> /// <param name="node">结点</param> public void AddNode(BoTree<T> node) { if (!nodes.Contains(node)) { node.parent = this; nodes.Add(node); } } /// <summary> /// 添加结点 /// </summary> /// <param name="nodes">结点集合</param> public void AddNode(List<BoTree<T>> nodes) { foreach (var node in nodes) { if (!nodes.Contains(node)) { node.parent = this; nodes.Add(node); } } } /// <summary> /// 移除结点 /// </summary> /// <param name="node"></param> public void Remove(BoTree<T> node) { if (nodes.Contains(node)) nodes.Remove(node); } /// <summary> /// 清空结点集合 /// </summary> public void RemoveAll() { nodes.Clear(); } }
测试:
首先创建一个学生类(任意)
public class Student { public Student(string name, string sex, int age) { this.Name = name; this.Sex = sex; this.Age = age; } public string Name { get; set; } public string Sex { get; set; } public int Age { get; set; } }
初始化树:
BoTree<Student> tree1 = new BoTree<Student>(); tree1.Data = new Student("小波1", "男", 18); BoTree<Student> tree2 = new BoTree<Student>(); tree2.Data = new Student("小波2", "男", 19); BoTree<Student> tree3 = new BoTree<Student>(); tree3.Data = new Student("小波3", "男", 20); BoTree<Student> tree4 = new BoTree<Student>(); tree4.Data = new Student("小波4", "男", 21); tree1.AddNode(tree2); tree1.AddNode(tree3); tree3.AddNode(tree4);
调试:
可以从监视中看出tree1有2个子结点
可以看出tree4的父结点为tree3
下面我们来遍历这棵树:
public static void Recursive(BoTree<Student> tree) { Console.WriteLine("姓名:{0},姓名:{1},年龄:{2}", tree.Data.Name, tree.Data.Sex, tree.Data.Age); if (tree.Nodes.Count > 0) { foreach (var item in tree.Nodes) { Recursive(item); } } }
调用结果:
时间: 2024-10-15 02:10:02