二进制日志
概念
- 记录对数据发生或潜在发生更改的SQL语句，并且是以二进制格式保存的日志
使用用途
- 查看数据库变更历史
- 数据库增量备份
- 数据库灾难恢复
- MySQL复制（主从、主主复制）
二进制日志性能影响
- 日志即影响MySQL性能又占用大量磁盘空间。因此，往往需要做采样分析时才会打开
- 即使做采样分析，也最好仅在一台测试机上开启
- 二进制日志由于用途广泛，大多数情况下会开启。需要制定合理的备份计划和管理策略
开启二进制日志
方法一：不重启修改二进制日志配置
- SET @@global.log_bin=1;
- SET @@global.binlog_szie=37268;（单位：bytes）
- 其他参数可以通过以下命令查阅：
SHOW VARIABLES LIKE ‘%bin%‘;
mysql> show variables like ‘%bin%‘; +-----------------------------------------+------------------------------------------+ | Variable_name | Value | +-----------------------------------------+------------------------------------------+ | bind_address | * | | binlog_cache_size | 32768 | | binlog_checksum | CRC32 | | binlog_direct_non_transactional_updates | OFF | | binlog_error_action | IGNORE_ERROR | | binlog_format | STATEMENT | | binlog_gtid_simple_recovery | OFF | | binlog_max_flush_queue_time | 0 | | binlog_order_commits | ON | | binlog_row_image | FULL | | binlog_rows_query_log_events | OFF | | binlog_stmt_cache_size | 32768 | | binlogging_impossible_mode | IGNORE_ERROR | | innodb_api_enable_binlog | OFF | | innodb_locks_unsafe_for_binlog | OFF | | log_bin | ON | | log_bin_basename | /data/3306/mysql-bin/mysql-bin | | log_bin_index | /data/3306/mysql-bin/mysql-bin.index | | log_bin_trust_function_creators | OFF | | log_bin_use_v1_row_events | OFF | | max_binlog_cache_size | 18446744073709547520 | | max_binlog_size | 1073741824 | | max_binlog_stmt_cache_size | 18446744073709547520 | | simplified_binlog_gtid_recovery | OFF | | sql_log_bin | ON | | sync_binlog | 0 | +-----------------------------------------+------------------------------------------+ 26 rows in set (0.00 sec)
常用二进制日志相关配置参数
- log-bin=
#开启并指定二进制日志保存路劲及文件名，不设置则使用默认值。默认存放位置为数据库文件所目录下，名称为hostname-bin.xxxxx
- max-binlog-size=500m
#设置单个二进制日志文件的最大值，默认1G，最大1G
- binlog-do-db与binlog-ignore-db
#指定二进制日志文件记录哪些数据库操作
- binlog-cache-size=100m
#设置二进制日志缓存大小
- sync-binlog=N
#每隔N秒将缓存中的二进制日志记录写回硬盘。默认为0。不过，你经常会陷入group commit函数与I/O之间二选一的矛盾。如果在replication环境中，由于考虑到耐久性和一致性，则需要设置为1。同时，还需要设置innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit=1以及innodb-support-ax=1（默认已开启）
暂停二进制日志
- SET sql_log_bin={0|1};
查看二进制日志
- mysqlbinlog host2-bin.000001
创建一个数据库并做相应修改，并查看二进制日志的变化
mysql> create database t1;
mysql> create table tt1(id int,name varchar(20),birthday date);
mysql> insert into tt1(id,name,birthday) values(‘1‘,‘demi‘,‘1991-10-12‘);
mysql> insert into tt1(id,name,birthday) values(‘2‘,‘hoai‘,‘1992-02-20‘);
mysql> select * from tt1; +------+------+------------+ | id | name | birthday | +------+------+------------+ | 1 | demi | 1991-10-12 | | 2 | hoai | 1992-02-20 | | 3 | wiss | 1991-07-14 | | 4 | kime | 1993-06-18 | +------+------+------------+ 4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> update tt1 set birthday=‘1991-06-28‘ where id=4;
mysql> select * from tt1; +------+------+------------+ | id | name | birthday | +------+------+------------+ | 1 | demi | 1991-10-12 | | 2 | hoai | 1992-02-20 | | 3 | wiss | 1991-07-14 | | 4 | kime | 1991-06-28 | +------+------+------------+ 4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
使用mysqlbinlog命令查看二进制日志的变化
[[email protected] ~]# mysqlbinlog /data/3306/mysql-bin/mysql-bin.000011 /*!50530 SET @@SESSION.PSEUDO_SLAVE_MODE=1*/; /*!40019 SET @@session.max_insert_delayed_threads=0*/; /*!50003 SET @[email protected]@COMPLETION_TYPE,COMPLETION_TYPE=0*/; DELIMITER /*!*/; # at 4 #160314 18:34:51 server id 3 end_log_pos 120 CRC32 0xfd6a32fe Start: binlog v 4, server v 5.6.27-log created 160314 18:34:51 at startup # Warning: this binlog is either in use or was not closed properly. ROLLBACK/*!*/; BINLOG ‘ y5PmVg8DAAAAdAAAAHgAAAABAAQANS42LjI3LWxvZwAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAADLk+ZWEzgNAAgAEgAEBAQEEgAAXAAEGggAAAAICAgCAAAACgoKGRkAAf4y av0= ‘/*!*/; # at 120 #160314 21:03:56 server id 3 end_log_pos 208 CRC32 0x12f2847a Query thread_id=4 exec_time=0 error_code=0 SET TIMESTAMP=1457960636/*!*/; SET @@session.pseudo_thread_id=4/*!*/; SET @@session.foreign_key_checks=1, @@session.sql_auto_is_null=0, @@session.unique_checks=1, @@session.autocommit=1/*!*/; SET @@session.sql_mode=1075838976/*!*/; SET @@session.auto_increment_increment=1, @@session.auto_increment_offset=1/*!*/; /*!\C utf8 *//*!*/; SET @@session.character_set_client=33,@@session.collation_connection=33,@@session.collation_server=33/*!*/; SET @@session.lc_time_names=0/*!*/; SET @@session.collation_database=DEFAULT/*!*/; create database t1 /*!*/; # at 208 #160314 21:08:36 server id 3 end_log_pos 333 CRC32 0x806b0266 Query thread_id=4 exec_time=0 error_code=0 use `t1`/*!*/; SET TIMESTAMP=1457960916/*!*/; create table tt1(id int,name varchar(20),birthday date) /*!*/; # at 333 #160314 21:10:05 server id 3 end_log_pos 408 CRC32 0xc4950130 Query thread_id=4 exec_time=0 error_code=0 SET TIMESTAMP=1457961005/*!*/; BEGIN /*!*/; # at 408 #160314 21:10:05 server id 3 end_log_pos 543 CRC32 0xab0bc88f Query thread_id=4 exec_time=0 error_code=0 SET TIMESTAMP=1457961005/*!*/; insert into tt1(id,name,birthday) values(‘1‘,‘demi‘,‘1991-10-12‘) /*!*/; # at 543 #160314 21:10:05 server id 3 end_log_pos 574 CRC32 0xacd9a973 Xid = 27 COMMIT/*!*/; # at 574 #160314 21:10:40 server id 3 end_log_pos 649 CRC32 0xb6e8ef83 Query thread_id=4 exec_time=0 error_code=0 SET TIMESTAMP=1457961040/*!*/; BEGIN /*!*/; # at 649 #160314 21:10:40 server id 3 end_log_pos 784 CRC32 0xef33bae2 Query thread_id=4 exec_time=0 error_code=0 SET TIMESTAMP=1457961040/*!*/; insert into tt1(id,name,birthday) values(‘2‘,‘hoai‘,‘1992-02-20‘) /*!*/; # at 784 #160314 21:10:40 server id 3 end_log_pos 815 CRC32 0xc1ec540f Xid = 29 COMMIT/*!*/; # at 815 #160314 21:11:00 server id 3 end_log_pos 890 CRC32 0xb4e3c45e Query thread_id=4 exec_time=0 error_code=0 SET TIMESTAMP=1457961060/*!*/; BEGIN /*!*/; # at 890 #160314 21:11:00 server id 3 end_log_pos 1025 CRC32 0xf8584b1d Query thread_id=4 exec_time=0 error_code=0 SET TIMESTAMP=1457961060/*!*/; insert into tt1(id,name,birthday) values(‘3‘,‘wiss‘,‘1991-07-14‘) /*!*/; # at 1025 #160314 21:11:00 server id 3 end_log_pos 1056 CRC32 0xe75877f8 Xid = 30 COMMIT/*!*/; # at 1056 #160314 21:11:33 server id 3 end_log_pos 1131 CRC32 0x12b7b345 Query thread_id=4 exec_time=0 error_code=0 SET TIMESTAMP=1457961093/*!*/; BEGIN /*!*/; # at 1131 #160314 21:11:33 server id 3 end_log_pos 1266 CRC32 0xab6f89cc Query thread_id=4 exec_time=0 error_code=0 SET TIMESTAMP=1457961093/*!*/; insert into tt1(id,name,birthday) values(‘4‘,‘kime‘,‘1993-06-18‘) /*!*/; # at 1266 #160314 21:11:33 server id 3 end_log_pos 1297 CRC32 0x2e4dbdb4 Xid = 31 COMMIT/*!*/; # at 1297 #160314 21:14:04 server id 3 end_log_pos 1372 CRC32 0x571a3dda Query thread_id=4 exec_time=0 error_code=0 SET TIMESTAMP=1457961244/*!*/; BEGIN /*!*/; # at 1372 #160314 21:14:04 server id 3 end_log_pos 1489 CRC32 0xaee0efb9 Query thread_id=4 exec_time=0 error_code=0 SET TIMESTAMP=1457961244/*!*/; update tt1 set birthday=‘1991-06-28‘ where id=4 /*!*/; # at 1489 #160314 21:14:04 server id 3 end_log_pos 1520 CRC32 0xa7faed24 Xid = 33 COMMIT/*!*/; DELIMITER ; # End of log file ROLLBACK /* added by mysqlbinlog */; /*!50003 SET [email protected]_COMPLETION_TYPE*/; /*!50530 SET @@SESSION.PSEUDO_SLAVE_MODE=0*/;
修改二进制日志记录配置为ROW方式（ROW记录的二进制信息最为完整）
mysql> set @@global.binlog_format=ROW;
mysql> set binlog_format=ROW;
mysql> show variables like ‘binlog_format‘; +---------------+-------+ | Variable_name | Value | +---------------+-------+ | binlog_format | ROW | +---------------+-------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
修改mysql数据
mysql> update tt1 set birthday=‘1992-12-20‘ where id=1; Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec) Rows matched: 1 Changed: 1 Warnings: 0 mysql> select * from tt1; +------+------+------------+ | id | name | birthday | +------+------+------------+ | 1 | demi | 1992-12-20 | | 2 | hoai | 1992-02-20 | | 3 | wiss | 1991-07-14 | | 4 | kime | 1991-06-28 | +------+------+------------+ 4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
查看二进制日志的变化
[[email protected] ~]# mysqlbinlog /data/3306/mysql-bin/mysql-bin.000011
BINLOG ‘ 07zmVhMDAAAAMAAAAGYGAAAAAEcAAAAAAAEAAnQxAAN0dDEAAwMPCgI8AAe2N8/Z 07zmVh8DAAAAPgAAAKQGAAAAAEcAAAAAAAEAAgAD///4AQAAAARkZW1pTI8P+AEAAAAEZGVtaZSR D3vrjpU= ‘/*!*/; # at 1700 #160314 21:29:55 server id 3 end_log_pos 1731 CRC32 0xff29a00b Xid = 41 COMMIT/*!*/; DELIMITER ; # End of log file ROLLBACK /* added by mysqlbinlog */; /*!50003 SET [email protected]_COMPLETION_TYPE*/; /*!50530 SET @@SESSION.PSEUDO_SLAVE_MODE=0*/;
[[email protected] ~]# mysqlbinlog /data/3306/mysql-bin/mysql-bin.000011 -v
#加-v解析二进制日志
BINLOG ‘ 07zmVhMDAAAAMAAAAGYGAAAAAEcAAAAAAAEAAnQxAAN0dDEAAwMPCgI8AAe2N8/Z 07zmVh8DAAAAPgAAAKQGAAAAAEcAAAAAAAEAAgAD///4AQAAAARkZW1pTI8P+AEAAAAEZGVtaZSR D3vrjpU= ‘/*!*/; ### UPDATE `t1`.`tt1` ### WHERE ### @1=1 ### @2=‘demi‘ ### @3=‘1991:10:12‘ ### SET ### @1=1 ### @2=‘demi‘ ### @3=‘1992:12:20‘ # at 1700 #160314 21:29:55 server id 3 end_log_pos 1731 CRC32 0xff29a00b Xid = 41 COMMIT/*!*/; DELIMITER ; # End of log file ROLLBACK /* added by mysqlbinlog */; /*!50003 SET [email protected]_COMPLETION_TYPE*/; /*!50530 SET @@SESSION.PSEUDO_SLAVE_MODE=0*/;
mysqlbinlog命令参数
- --start-datetime=name
- --stop-datetime=name
- -j, --start-position=#
- --stop-position=#（指定范围查看二进制日志和--start-position一起使用）
使用二进制日志恢复数据
#mysqlbinlog host-bin.000001 | mysql
#mysqlbinlog host-bin.000001 > backup.sql
#mysqlbinlog host-bin.000002 >> backup.sql
#mysql dbname < backup.sql
删除二进制日志
- 二进制日志会不断的增长，并产生多个文件。因此，需要制定备份计划和管理策略。无用的二进制日志要记得及时删除。
- 删除二进制日志的方法：
1、操作系统命令直接删除
2、RESET MASTER
3、PURGE
格式：
PURGE {MASTER|BINARY} LOGS TO ‘log_name‘
PURGE {MASTER|BINARY} LOGS BEFORE ‘date‘
1、使用RESET MASTER命令删除二进制文件
- 查看二进制文件
[[email protected] ~]# ls /data/3306/mysql-bin/
mysql-bin.000001 mysql-bin.000003 mysql-bin.000005 mysql-bin.000007 mysql-bin.000009 mysql-bin.000011
mysql-bin.000002 mysql-bin.000004 mysql-bin.000006 mysql-bin.000008 mysql-bin.000010 mysql-bin.index
- 执行reset master命令删除二进制日志文件
mysql> reset master; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
- 查看结果
[[email protected] ~]# ls /data/3306/mysql-bin/
mysql-bin.000001 mysql-bin.index
2、使用PURGE命令指定删除某个二进制文件之前的二进制文件
[[email protected] ~]# ls /data/3306/mysql-bin/
mysql-bin.000001 mysql-bin.000003 mysql-bin.000005 mysql-bin.000007 mysql-bin.000009
mysql-bin.000002 mysql-bin.000004 mysql-bin.000006 mysql-bin.000008 mysql-bin.index
mysql> purge master logs to ‘mysql-bin.000005‘; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
[[email protected] ~]# ls /data/3306/mysql-bin/
mysql-bin.000005 mysql-bin.000006 mysql-bin.000007 mysql-bin.000008 mysql-bin.000009 mysql-bin.index
3、使用PURGE命令删除指定日期之前的二进制文件
[[email protected] ~]# date "+%F %T"
2016-03-14 22:12:41
删除5天前的全部二进制日志
mysql> purge master logs before ‘2016-03-10 00:00:00‘; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)
查看结果
[[email protected] ~]# ls /data/3306/mysql-bin/
mysql-bin.000007 mysql-bin.000008 mysql-bin.000009 mysql-bin.index
删除2016-03-14之前的全部二进制日志
mysql> purge master logs before ‘2016-03-14 00:00:00‘; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
查看结果
[[email protected] ~]# ls /data/3306/mysql-bin/
mysql-bin.000008 mysql-bin.000009 mysql-bin.index