C语言中,字符串是有char(ASC||码)字符组成。
OC中,字符串是由unichar(Unicode)字符组成。
1、字符串(NSString)
NSString:不可变字符串,即:创建以后,内容和长度不能更改。
NSMutableString:可变字符串,即:创建以后,内容和长度可以修改。
2、不可变字符串创建
1> 初始化方法创建对象
- (instancetype)initWithFormat:(NSString *)format, ... NS_FORMAT_FUNCTION(1,2);
1 NSString *string1= [[NSString alloc] initWithFormat:@"hello wold"];
2> 便利构造器创建对象
+ (instancetype)stringWithFormat:(NSString *)format, ... NS_FORMAT_FUNCTION(1,2);
1 NSString *string2 = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"hell wold"];
3> 字面量创建对象
1 NSString *string3 = @"hello kitty";
3、不可变字符串常用方法
1> 获取字符串的长度
@property (readonly) NSUInteger length;
实现方式:str.length;
2> 获取指定位置的字符 unichar OC 中用来表示字符
- (unichar)characterAtIndex:(NSUInteger)index;
unichar c= [string2 characterAtIndex:0]; NSLog(@"c =%c",c);
3> 字符串比较
① 比较
- (NSComparisonResult)compare:(NSString *)string;
1 NSString *s12 = @"zhaofuyi"; 2 NSString *s13 = @"wanghai"; 3 NSInteger result = [s12 compare:s13]; 4 NSLog(@"result = %ld", result);
② 字符串是否相等
- (BOOL)isEqualToString:(NSString *)aString;
BOOL isEqual = [s12 isEqualToString:s13]; NSLog(@"isEqual = %d", isEqual);
4> 拼接字符串
① - (NSString *)stringByAppendingString:(NSString *)aString;
1 NSString *string8 = @"nana"; 2 NSString *string9 = @"liuaoran"; 3 NSString *stringlove = [string8 stringByAppendingString:string9]; 4 NSLog(@"stringlove=%@",stringlove);
② - (NSString *)stringByAppendingFormat:(NSString *)format, ...;
5> 替换字符串
① - (NSString *)stringByReplacingCharactersInRange:(NSRange)range withString:(NSString *)replacement;
NS_INLINE NSRange NSMakeRange(NSUInteger loc, NSUInteger len); // 确定位置和长度
② - (NSString *)stringByReplacingOccurrencesOfString:(NSString *)target withString:(NSString *)replacement
1 NSString *string10 = @"李易峰"; 2 3 NSString *string11 = [string10 stringByReplacingOccurrencesOfString:string10 withString:@"赵符壹"]; 4 5 NSLog(@"nan=%@",string11);
6> 字符串对象转化为其他类型
@property (readonly) double doubleValue;
@property (readonly) float floatValue;
@property (readonly) int intValue;
@property (readonly) NSInteger integerValue NS_AVAILABLE(10_5, 2_0);
@property (readonly) long long longLongValue NS_AVAILABLE(10_5, 2_0);
@property (readonly) BOOL boolValue NS_AVAILABLE(10_5, 2_0);
1 NSString *s14 = @"123"; 2 NSInteger strValue = [s14 integerValue]; 3 NSLog(@"strValue = %ld", strValue);
7> 判断字符串的前缀和后缀
- (BOOL)hasPrefix:(NSString *)str; // 前缀
- (BOOL)hasSuffix:(NSString *)str; // 后缀
1 NSString *string4 = @"www.欧巴.png"; // 图片欧巴 2 3 BOOL isHassuffix = [string4 hasSuffix:@".png"]; // 后缀 4 NSLog(@"isHassuffix=%d",isHassuffix); 5 6 BOOL ishasprefix = [string4 hasPrefix:@"www."]; 7 NSLog(@"ishasprefix = %d",ishasprefix); // 前缀
8> 查找某个字符串在另一个字符串的范围
- (NSRange)rangeOfString:(NSString *)searchString;
1 NSString *string5 = @"蓝鸥科技有限公司"; 2 NSString *string6 = @"蓝鸥科技"; 3 4 // NSRange 结构体,表示成员变量 5 // location 起始位置 6 // length 长度 7 NSRange range =[string5 rangeOfString:string6]; 8 NSLog(@"location=%ld,length = %ld",range.location,range.length);
9> 字符串截取
- (NSString *)substringWithRange:(NSRange)range;
1 NSString *string7 = @"hello wold kitty"; 2 3 NSRange range1 = NSMakeRange(0, 5); 4 NSString *sunstr1 = [string7 substringWithRange:range1]; 5 NSLog(@"sunstr1=%@",sunstr1);
从指定位置向后截取
- (NSString *)substringFromIndex:(NSUInteger)from;
从指定位置向前截取,不包含指定位置的下标
- (NSString *)substringToIndex:(NSUInteger)to;
1 // 从指定位置向后截取 2 NSString *sunstr2 = [string7 substringFromIndex:12]; 3 NSLog(@"sunstr2=%@",sunstr2); 4 // 从指定位置向前截取,不包含指定位置的下标 5 NSString *sunstr3 = [string7 substringToIndex:5]; 6 NSLog(@"sunstr3=%@",sunstr3);
10> 字符串大小写操作
① 字符串全部大写
@property (readonly, copy) NSString *uppercaseString;
② 字符串全部大写
@property (readonly, copy) NSString *lowercaseString;
③ 字符串首字母大写
@property (readonly, copy) NSString *capitalizedString;
1 // 首字母大写 2 NSString *s15 = @"zheng"; 3 s15 = [s15 capitalizedString]; 4 NSLog(@"s15 = %@", s15); 5 // 全部大写 6 s15 = [s15 uppercaseString]; 7 NSLog(@"s15 = %@", s15); 8 // 全部小写 9 s15 = [s15 lowercaseString]; 10 NSLog(@"s15 = %@", s15);
4、可变字符串(NSMutableString)创建
1> 可变与不可变的区别
不可变字符串 —— 本身不能被修改。
对不可变字符串的修改操作,操作的是原字符串的副本,得到的是一个新的字符串。
可变字符串 —— 本身能被修改。
可变字符串修改的是原字符串,因此可变字符串的操作方法没有返回值。
2> 初始化方法创建对象
- (NSMutableString *)initWithString:(NSString *)format;
3> 便利构造器创建对象
+ (NSMutableString *)stringWithString:(NSString *)format;
1 // 初始化 2 NSMutableString *ms1 = [[NSMutableString alloc] initWithFormat:@"Hello world"]; 3 // 便利构造器 4 NSMutableString *ms2 = [NSMutableString stringWithFormat:@"Hello kitty"];
5、NSMutableString方法
1> 拼接字符串
- (void)appendFormat:(NSString *)format, ...;
2> 插入字符串
- (void)insertString:(NSString *)aString atIndex:(NSUInteger)loc;
3> 删除字符串
- (void)deleteCharactersInRange:(NSRange)range;
4> 替换字符串
- (void)replaceCharactersInRange:(NSRange)range withString:(NSString *)aString;
5> 重置字符串
- (void)setString:(NSString *)aString;
1 // 1.拼接字符串 2 NSMutableString *ms3 = [NSMutableString stringWithFormat:@"-1"]; 3 [ms3 appendString:@"软件38"]; 4 NSLog(@"ms3 = %@", ms3); 5 // 2.插入字符串 6 [ms3 insertString:@"," atIndex:2]; 7 NSLog(@"ms3 = %@", ms3); 8 // 3.删除字符串 9 NSRange range4 = NSMakeRange(3, 2); 10 [ms3 deleteCharactersInRange:range4]; 11 NSLog(@"ms3 = %@", ms3); 12 // 4.字符串替换 13 NSMutableString *ms4 = [NSMutableString stringWithFormat:@"赵符以"]; 14 [ms4 replaceCharactersInRange:NSMakeRange(1, 2) withString:@"-1"]; 15 NSLog(@"ms4 = %@", ms4); 16 // 5.重置字符串 17 [ms4 setString:@"ruanjian38"]; 18 NSLog(@"ms4 = %@", ms4);