Given a non-empty array of integers, return the k most frequent elements.
Example 1:
Input: nums = [1,1,1,2,2,3], k = 2
Output: [1,2]
Example 2:
Input: nums = [1], k = 1
Output: [1]
Note:
* You may assume k is always valid, 1 ≤ k ≤ number of unique elements.
* Your algorithm‘s time complexity must be better than O(n log n), where n is the array‘s size.
共用部分是用map统计频次。接下来选出topk频次有variation。
1.O(nlogk), O(k). 堆。
写专属comparator,根据Entry<K, V>里的V也就是本题的频率排序,让堆顶始终维持是最小频率的元素,你最菜,当堆大小过k的时候把你挤走哦!
2.O(n), O(n). bucket sort。要用到频率最多也就是n的信息+O(n)的空间。
第一遍扫计算频率
第二遍扫根据频率把元素值放到对应frequency的bucket里。
第三遍扫bucket,从右往左(从高频到低频),凑满k个元素。
细节:
1.bucket因为不能保证某一频率只有一元素,所以要用List<Integer>[], generic type初始化特别,要List<Integer>[] buckets = new List[nums.length + 1];注意等号右边不带generic
实现1:
class Solution { private class EntryComparator implements Comparator<Map.Entry<Integer, Integer>> { @Override // P2: 要过OJ要声明一下Map.Entry, 没办法只写Entry,因为不够普遍吧,没适配。 public int compare(Map.Entry<Integer, Integer> a, Map.Entry<Integer, Integer> b) { return a.getValue() - b.getValue(); } } public List<Integer> topKFrequent(int[] nums, int k) { Map<Integer, Integer> freqs = new HashMap<>(); for (int num : nums) { freqs.put(num, freqs.getOrDefault(num, 0) + 1); } // 1.PQ PriorityQueue<Map.Entry<Integer, Integer>> minHeap = new PriorityQueue<>(new EntryComparator()); for (Map.Entry<Integer, Integer> e : freqs.entrySet()) { minHeap.offer(e); if (minHeap.size() > k) { minHeap.poll(); } } List<Integer> ans = new ArrayList<>(); for (int i = 0; i < k; i++) { // P1:注意加到答案的是key不是entry ans.add(minHeap.poll().getKey()); } Collections.reverse(ans); return ans; } }
实现2:
class Solution { public List<Integer> topKFrequent(int[] nums, int k) { Map<Integer, Integer> freqs = new HashMap<>(); for (int num : nums) { freqs.put(num, freqs.getOrDefault(num, 0) + 1); } // 1.bucket sort // P1: 注意这个初始化! List<Integer>[] buckets = new List[nums.length + 1]; for (int num : freqs.keySet()) { int frequency = freqs.get(num); if (buckets[frequency] == null) { buckets[frequency] = new ArrayList<>(); } buckets[frequency].add(num); } List<Integer> ans = new ArrayList<>(); for (int i = buckets.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) { if (buckets[i] == null) { continue; } for (int j = 0; j < buckets[i].size() && k > 0; j++) { ans.add(buckets[i].get(j)); k--; } } return ans; } }
原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/jasminemzy/p/9739815.html