知识需要反复咀嚼,常读常新,简单的WCF通信测试:basicHttpBinding(基本通信)\netTcpBinding(双工通信)\netMsmqBinding(消息队列),简单的测试Demo。
简单说一下代码结构,后续整理一下具体的实现逻辑,为什么这么处理。
1.WCFTest.DataContracts类库代码(基础数据契约类库)
<1>.OrderItem.cs
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.ServiceModel;
using System.Runtime.Serialization;
using System.Threading.Tasks;namespace WCFTest.DataContracts
{
[DataContract]
public class OrderItem
{
[DataMember]
public Guid ProductID;[DataMember]
public string ProductName;[DataMember]
public decimal UnitPrice;[DataMember]
public int Quantity;
}
}
<2>.Order.cs
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.ServiceModel;
using System.Runtime.Serialization;
using System.Threading.Tasks;namespace WCFTest.DataContracts
{
[DataContract]
[KnownType(typeof(OrderItem))]
public class Order
{
[DataMember]
public Guid OrderNo;[DataMember]
public DateTime OrderDate;[DataMember]
public Guid SupplierID;[DataMember]
public string SupplierName;[DataMember]
public List<OrderItem> OrderItems=new List<OrderItem> ();
//如果不这样的构建方式,使用请使用get;set;,并且Order构造函数实例化(new)这个集合/// <summary>
/// 订单信息描述
/// </summary>
/// <returns></returns>
public override string ToString()
{
StringBuilder strBuilder = new StringBuilder();strBuilder.AppendLine("General Information:\n\t");
strBuilder.AppendLine(string.Format("Order No:{0}", OrderNo));
strBuilder.AppendLine(string.Format("Order Date:{0}", OrderDate.ToShortDateString()));
strBuilder.AppendLine(string.Format("SupplierID:{0}", SupplierID));
strBuilder.AppendLine(string.Format("SupplierName:{0}", SupplierName));strBuilder.AppendLine("\nProducts:");
foreach (OrderItem order in OrderItems)
{
strBuilder.AppendLine(string.Format("ProductID:{0}", order.ProductID));
strBuilder.AppendLine(string.Format("ProductName:{0}", order.ProductName));
strBuilder.AppendLine(string.Format("UnitPrice:{0}", order.UnitPrice));
strBuilder.AppendLine(string.Format("Quantity:{0}", order.Quantity));
}
return strBuilder.ToString();
}
}
}
2.WCFTest.Contracts类库代码(服务端和客户端通信契约接口)
<1>.ICalculator.cs
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.ServiceModel;
using System.Threading.Tasks;namespace WCFTest.Contracts
{[ServiceContract]
public interface ICalculator
{
[OperationContract]
double Add(double numA, double numB);[OperationContract]
double Sub(double numA, double numB);[OperationContract]
double Multiply(double numA, double numB);[OperationContract]
double Divide(double numA, double numB);
}
}
<2>.IDuplexCallBack.cs
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.ServiceModel;
using System.Threading.Tasks;namespace WCFTest.Contracts
{
public interface IDuplexCallBack
{
[OperationContract(IsOneWay = true)]
void DisplayResult(double result);
}
}
<3>.IDuplexContract.cs
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.ServiceModel;
using System.Threading.Tasks;namespace WCFTest.Contracts
{
#region BaseInfoKnown
/*
* 如何理解双工通信?
* 请求过程中的回调,双工消息交换模式的表现形式,客户端调用服务的时候,附加上一个回调对象;
* 服务端在处理该请求中,通过客户端附加的回调对象(调用回调服务的代理对象)回调客户端操作(该操作在客户端执行)。
* 整个消息交换过程由两个基本的消息交换,其一客户端正常的服务请求,其二服务端对客户端的回调。两者可以采用请求-回复模式,也可以采用单向(One-way)的MEP进行消息交换。
*
* 如何模拟测试?
* 本例采用另外一种截然不同的方式调用服务并进行结果的输出:
* 通过单向(One-way)的模式调用CalculuateService(也就是客户端不可能通过回复消息得到计算结果),服务端在完成运算结果后,通过回调(Callback)的方式在客户端将计算结果打印出来。
*/
#endregion[ServiceContract(CallbackContract = typeof(IDuplexCallBack))]
public interface IDuplexContract
{
[OperationContract(IsOneWay = true)]//单向(只是客户端请求,未做响应[回复])
void Add(double numA, double numB);
}
}
<4>.IMSMQContract.cs
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.ServiceModel;
using WCFTest.DataContracts;
using System.Threading.Tasks;namespace WCFTest.Contracts
{
#region BaseInfoKnown
/*
* 比如,在Intranet内,通过TCP进行高效的数据通信;而在Internet内,通常使用Http进行跨平台数据交换。
* 这些通信的特点都是基于Connection的,也就是说,交互双方必须有一个可用的Connection存在于他们之间。
* 而在某些时候比如用户拨号、便携式计算机的用户,不能保证需要Server时有一个可用的Connection。这时候,基于Messaging Queue尤为重要。
* MSMQ的好处:
* <1>.MSMQ是基于Disconnection。这种通信方式为离线工作成为了可能。
* <2>.MSMQ天生是One-way、异步的。对于用户的请求,Server端无需立即相应,也就是说,Server对数据的处理无需和Client的数据发送进行同步。这样可以避免峰值负载。
* <3>.MSMQ能够提供高质量的Reliable Messaging。异步通信,无法获知Message是否抵达Server端,也无法获知Server端的执行结果和出错信息。
* MSMQ提供Reliable Messaging的机制:
* a.超时机制(Timeout)
* b.确认机制(Acknowledgement)
* c.日志机制(Journaling):消息被发送或接收后,被Copy一份。
* d.死信队列(Dead letter Queue):保存发送失败的message。
*
* 在WCF中,MSMQ的数据传输功能被封装在一个Binding中,提供WCF Endpoint之间、以及Endpoint和现有的基于MSMQ的Application进行通信的实现。
* 提供两种不同的built-in binding:
* <1>.NetMsmqBinding:从提供的功能和使用方式上看,和一般的使用的binding一样,所不同的是,它提供的是基于MSMQ的Reliable Messaging。变成模式和一般的binding完全一样。
* <2>.MsmqIntergrationBinding:主要用于将我们的WCF Application和现有的基于MSMQ的Application集成的情况。
* 实现了WCF Endpoint和某个Message Queue进行数据的通信,具体来说,就是实现了单一的向某个Message Queue发送Message,和从某个Message Queue中接收Message的功能。
*
* MSMQ则有效地提供了这样的机制:Server端建立一个Message Queue来接收来个客户的订单,客户端通过向该Message Queue发送承载了订单数据的Message实现订单的递交。
* 如果客户在离线的情况,仍然可以通过客户端进行订单递交的操作,存储着订单数据的Message会被暂保在本地的Message Queue中,一旦客户联机,MSMQ将Message从中取出,发送到真正的接收方,这个动作对于用户的透明的。
*/
#endregion[ServiceContract]
[ServiceKnownType(typeof(Order))]
public interface IMSMQContract
{
[OperationContract(IsOneWay = true)]
void SubmitOrder(Order order);
}
}
3.WCFTest.Services类库代码(契约接口业务功能实现)
<1>.CalculatorService.cs
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.ServiceModel;
using WCFTest.Contracts;
using System.Threading.Tasks;namespace WCFTest.Services
{
public class CalculatorService : ICalculator
{
public double Add(double numA, double numB)
{
return numA + numB;
}public double Sub(double numA, double numB)
{
return numA - numB;
}public double Multiply(double numA, double numB)
{
return numA * numB;
}public double Divide(double numA, double numB)
{
if (numB != 0)
{
return numA / numB;
}
return 0;
}
}
}
<2>.DuplexService.cs
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.ServiceModel;
using WCFTest.Contracts;
using System.Threading.Tasks;namespace WCFTest.Services
{
/// <summary>
/// 在Server端,通过OperationContext.Current.GetCallbackChannel<T>()
/// 获得Client指定的CallbackContent Instance,进行Client调用Opertion
/// </summary>
public class DuplexService : IDuplexContract
{
public void Add(double numA, double numB)
{
double result = numA + numB;
IDuplexCallBack duplexCall = OperationContext.Current.GetCallbackChannel<IDuplexCallBack>();
duplexCall.DisplayResult(result);
}
}
}
<3>.MSMQService.cs
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.ServiceModel;
using WCFTest.Contracts;
using WCFTest.DataContracts;
using System.Threading.Tasks;namespace WCFTest.Services
{
public class MSMQService:IMSMQContract
{
//设定服务端请求行为:需求事务操作\自动完成事务
[OperationBehavior(TransactionScopeRequired=true,TransactionAutoComplete=true)]
public void SubmitOrder(WCFTest.DataContracts.Order order)
{
//将Order数据保存到数据库
SaveData.SaveOrder(order);Console.WriteLine("Receive An Order:");
Console.WriteLine(order.ToString()); //服务端输出的信息,在Host监听器可以看到,服务是不可见的
}
}
}
<4>.SaveData.cs
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using WCFTest.DataContracts;
using System.Threading.Tasks;namespace WCFTest.Services
{
public class SaveData
{
private static Dictionary<Guid, Order> dicOrder = new Dictionary<Guid, Order>();public static void SaveOrder(Order order)
{
if (!dicOrder.Keys.Contains(order.OrderNo))
{
dicOrder.Add(order.OrderNo, order);
}
}public static Order GetOrder(Guid orderNo)
{
Order order = new Order();
if (dicOrder.Keys.Contains(orderNo))
{
order=dicOrder[orderNo];
}
return order;
}
}
}
4.WCFTest.Hots 控制台程序代码(多服务宿主程序)
<1>.App.config (服务端和客户端通信配置ABC)
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<configuration>
<startup>
<supportedRuntime version="v4.0" sku=".NETFramework,Version=v4.5" />
</startup>
<system.serviceModel>
<!--配置行为-->
<behaviors>
<!--配置服务端行为-->
<serviceBehaviors>
<behavior name="CalculatorBehavior">
<serviceMetadata httpGetEnabled="true" httpGetUrl="http://localhost:7070/CalculatorService/Metadata"/>
</behavior>
</serviceBehaviors>
</behaviors>
<!--配置协议-->
<bindings>
<!--MSMQBinding配置-->
<netMsmqBinding>
<binding name="MSMQBinding" exactlyOnce="true">
<security mode="None">
<transport msmqAuthenticationMode="None" msmqProtectionLevel="None"/>
<message clientCredentialType="None"/>
</security>
</binding>
</netMsmqBinding>
</bindings>
<services>
<!--CalculatorService-->
<service name="WCFTest.Services.CalculatorService">
<endpoint address="http://localhost:7070/CalculatorService"
binding="basicHttpBinding"
contract="WCFTest.Contracts.ICalculator">
</endpoint>
</service>
<!--DuplexService-->
<service name="WCFTest.Services.DuplexService">
<endpoint address="net.tcp://localhost:6060/DuplexService"
binding="netTcpBinding"
contract="WCFTest.Contracts.IDuplexContract">
</endpoint>
</service>
<!--MSMQService-->
<service name="WCFTest.Services.MSMQService">
<endpoint address="net.msmq://localhost/Private/Orders"
binding="netMsmqBinding"
bindingConfiguration="MSMQBinding"
contract="WCFTest.Contracts.IMSMQContract">
</endpoint>
</service>
</services>
</system.serviceModel>
</configuration>
<2>.Program.cs (多服务宿主启用监听)
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.ServiceModel;
using WCFTest.Services;
using System.Configuration;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.Xml;
using System.Configuration;
using System.Messaging;namespace WCFTest.Hots
{
/// <summary>
/// 如何可以按需开启不同的Host
/// </summary>
class Program
{
static void Main(string[] args)
{
#region 单Host调用测试
////计算服务Host
//CalculatorHosts();
////双工通信服务Host
//DuplexHost();
#endregion#region 多Host调用测试
Dictionary<string, ServiceHost> dicHosts = new Dictionary<string, ServiceHost>();
dicHosts.Add("CalculatorHost", new ServiceHost(typeof(Services.CalculatorService)));
dicHosts.Add("DuplexHost", new ServiceHost(typeof(Services.DuplexService)));
dicHosts.Add("MSMQHost", new ServiceHost(typeof(Services.MSMQService)));foreach (KeyValuePair<string, ServiceHost> keyPair in dicHosts)
{
if (keyPair.Key.Contains("MSMQHost"))//MSMQHost的附加逻辑
{
//MSMQ队列不存在,或您没有足够的权限执行该操作异常:因为是这里的路径\Host\Client的地址路径问题
string strMSMQPath = @".\Private$\Orders";
//string strMSMQPath = ConfigurationManager.AppSettings["MSMQPath"];
if (!MessageQueue.Exists(strMSMQPath))
{
//创建一个MessageQueue,参数说明:MSMQ的位置,支持事务队列
MessageQueue.Create(strMSMQPath,true);
}
}keyPair.Value.Opened += delegate
{
Console.WriteLine(keyPair.Key + " Host Has Been Listening.......");
};
keyPair.Value.Open();
}Console.WriteLine("\nPlease Enter Any Key To Abort All Hosts:");
Console.ReadLine();
foreach (KeyValuePair<string, ServiceHost> keyPair in dicHosts)
{
keyPair.Value.Abort();
keyPair.Value.Close();
Console.WriteLine(keyPair.Key + " Host Has Been Stoped!");
}
#endregionConsole.WriteLine("\nPlease Enter Any Key Exit:");
Console.Read();
}/// <summary>
/// 计算服务Host
/// </summary>
private static void CalculatorHosts()
{
using (ServiceHost host = new ServiceHost(typeof(Services.CalculatorService)))
{
host.Opened += delegate
{
Console.WriteLine("Host Has Been Opened! Please Enter Any Key To Abort This Host:");
Console.ReadKey();
host.Abort();
host.Close();
Console.WriteLine("Host Has Been Stoped!");
};
host.Open();
}
}/// <summary>
/// 双工通信服务Host
/// </summary>
private static void DuplexHost()
{
using (ServiceHost duplexHost = new ServiceHost(typeof(Services.DuplexService)))
{
duplexHost.Opened += delegate
{
Console.WriteLine("Duplex Host Has Been Listening....! Please Enter Any Key To Abort This Host:");
Console.ReadLine();
duplexHost.Abort();
duplexHost.Close();
Console.WriteLine("Duplex Host Has Been Stoped!");
};
duplexHost.Open();
}
}
}
}
5.WCFTravelReview 控制台程序代码 (客户端调用)
<1>.App.config (客户端和服务端通信配置ABC)
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<configuration>
<startup>
<supportedRuntime version="v4.0" sku=".NETFramework,Version=v4.5" />
</startup>
<system.serviceModel>
<bindings>
<netMsmqBinding>
<binding name="MSMQBinding" exactlyOnce="true">
<security mode="None">
<transport msmqAuthenticationMode="None" msmqProtectionLevel="None"/>
<message clientCredentialType="None"/>
</security>
</binding>
</netMsmqBinding>
</bindings><client >
<!--CalculatorService终结点-->
<endpoint name="CalculatorClient"
address="http://localhost:7070/CalculatorService"
binding="basicHttpBinding"
contract="WCFTest.Contracts.ICalculator"></endpoint>
<!--DuplexService终结点-->
<endpoint name="DuplexClient"
address="net.tcp://localhost:6060/DuplexService"
binding="netTcpBinding"
contract="WCFTest.Contracts.IDuplexContract"></endpoint>
<!--MSMQService终结点-->
<endpoint name="MSMQClient"
address="net.msmq://loclahost/Private/Orders"
binding="netMsmqBinding"
bindingConfiguration="MSMQBinding"
contract="WCFTest.Contracts.IMSMQContract"></endpoint>
</client>
</system.serviceModel>
</configuration>
<2>.DuplexCallBackClient.cs (双工通信回调接口实现)
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.ServiceModel;
using WCFTest.Contracts;
using System.Threading.Tasks;namespace WCFTravelReview
{
//客户端的回调类,显示计算结果,实现ICallback接口
public class DuplexCallBackClient : IDuplexCallBack
{
public void DisplayResult(double result)
{
Console.WriteLine("The Result is {0}", result.ToString());
}
}
}
<3>.Program.cs (测试客户端调用)
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.ServiceModel;
using WCFTest.Contracts;
using WCFTest.DataContracts;
using System.Transactions;
using System.Threading.Tasks;namespace WCFTravelReview
{
class Program
{
static void Main(string[] args)
{
//计算服务Client
CalculatorClient();//双工服务Client
DuplexClient();//消息队列
MSMQClient();Console.Read();
}/// <summary>
/// 计算服务Client
/// </summary>
private static void CalculatorClient()
{
using (ChannelFactory<ICalculator> calculatorChannel = new ChannelFactory<ICalculator>("CalculatorClient"))
{
ICalculator proxy = calculatorChannel.CreateChannel();
using (proxy as IDisposable)
{
Console.WriteLine("计算通信测试:");
Console.WriteLine("请输入数字A:");
double numA = Convert.ToDouble(Console.ReadLine());
Console.WriteLine("请输入数字B:");
double numB = Convert.ToDouble(Console.ReadLine());Console.WriteLine("WCF调用服务计算:");
Console.WriteLine("{0}+{1}={2}", numA, numB, proxy.Add(numA, numB));
Console.WriteLine("{0}-{1}={2}", numA, numB, proxy.Sub(numA, numB));
Console.WriteLine("{0}*{1}={2}", numA, numB, proxy.Multiply(numA, numB));
Console.WriteLine("{0}/{1}={2}", numA, numB, proxy.Divide(numA, numB));
}
}
}/// <summary>
/// 双工服务Client
/// </summary>
private static void DuplexClient()
{
#region TCP/IP DuplexInfo Known
/*
* 对于双工通信
* 对于TCP/IP簇中的传输层协议TCP,它则是一个基于Connection的协议,在正式进行数据传输之前,
* 必须要在Client和Server之后建立一个Connection,Connection的建立通过经典的“3次握手”。
* TCP具有Duplex的特性,就是说Connection被创建之后,从Client到Server,从Server到Client的数据传递可以利用同一个Connection来实现。
* 对于WCF的双向通信,Client调用Service,Service Callback Client使用的都是同一个Channel。
*/
#endregionInstanceContext instanceContext = new InstanceContext(new DuplexCallBackClient());
using (DuplexChannelFactory<IDuplexContract> duplexChannel = new DuplexChannelFactory<IDuplexContract>(instanceContext, "DuplexClient"))
{
IDuplexContract proxy = duplexChannel.CreateChannel();
using (proxy as IDisposable)
{
Console.WriteLine("\n双工通信测试:");
Console.WriteLine("请输入数字A:");
double numA = Convert.ToDouble(Console.ReadLine());
Console.WriteLine("请输入数字B:");
double numB = Convert.ToDouble(Console.ReadLine());
Console.WriteLine("WCF调用双工通信计算:");
proxy.Add(numA, numB);
}
}
}/// <summary>
/// MSMQ订单Client
/// </summary>
private static void MSMQClient()
{
//创建订单数据
Order order = new Order() { OrderNo=Guid.NewGuid(), OrderDate=DateTime.Now, SupplierID=Guid.NewGuid(), SupplierName="SupplierName" };
OrderItem orderItem = new OrderItem() { ProductID=Guid.NewGuid(), ProductName="PP", Quantity=1, UnitPrice=1 };order.OrderItems.Add(new OrderItem() { ProductID=Guid.NewGuid(), ProductName="ProductName1", Quantity=300, UnitPrice=10 });
order.OrderItems.Add(new OrderItem() { ProductID = Guid.NewGuid(), ProductName = "ProductName2", Quantity = 10, UnitPrice = 1 });ChannelFactory<IMSMQContract> msmqChannel = new ChannelFactory<IMSMQContract>("MSMQClient");
IMSMQContract proxy = msmqChannel.CreateChannel();
using (proxy as IDisposable)
{
Console.WriteLine("\n消息队列通信测试:");
Console.WriteLine("MSMQ Submit Order To Server....");
using (TransactionScope tansactionScope = new TransactionScope(TransactionScopeOption.Required))
{
proxy.SubmitOrder(order);
tansactionScope.Complete();
Console.WriteLine("Order Has Been Submit! Complete This Order!");
}
}}
}
}
6.运行效果: