Linux内核版本号：linux 2.6.39
交叉编译工具：arm-linux-gcc 4.5.1
Linux内核下载：www.kernel.org
开发板：友善之臂Tiny6410
一、解压内核
tar xzvf linux-2.6.39.tar.gz
二、修改Makefile
ARCH ?= $(SUBARCH) CROSS_COMPILE ?= $(CONFIG_CROSS_COMPILE:"%"=%)
改成：
ARCH ?= arm CROSS_COMPILE ?= arm-linux-
三、进入解压出来的linux-2.6.39目录，拷贝arch/arm/configs/s3c6400_defconfig到当前目录并重命名为.config
cp arch/arm/configs/s3c6400_defconfig ./.config
四、基本配置
执行make menuconfig
1、选择CPU型号：
System Type --->
*** System MMU ***
│ │ -*- S3C64XX DMA
│ │ [ ] SMDK6400
│ │ [ ] A&W6410
│ │ [*] MINI6410
│ │ [ ] REAL6410
│ │ [ ] SMDK6410
│ │ [ ] NCP
│ │ [ ] Airgoo HMT
│ │ [ ] SmartQ 5
│ │ [ ] SmartQ 7
只选上MINI6410其它的不选。
2、支持进程中通信
General setup ---> │ │ [*] System V IPC
3、退出内核图形配置菜单，执行make生成zImage镜像文件，将arch/arm/boot/zImage拷贝到tftp共享目录，tftp服务器搭建见贴http://www.cnblogs.com/ape-ming/p/5100449.html
五、启动开发板通过tftp下载内核镜像文件并启动内核，出现以下信息：
VFS: Cannot open root device "nfs" or unknown-block(0,255) Please append a correct "root=" boot option; here are the available partitions: Kernel panic - not syncing: VFS: Unable to mount root fs on unknown-block(0,255) [<c002c680>] (unwind_backtrace+0x0/0xe4) from [<c01b2384>] (panic+0x50/0x16c) [<c01b2384>] (panic+0x50/0x16c) from [<c0008d64>] (mount_block_root+0x238/0x288) [<c0008d64>] (mount_block_root+0x238/0x288) from [<c0009074>] (prepare_namespace+0x160/0x1b4) [<c0009074>] (prepare_namespace+0x160/0x1b4) from [<c00089ec>] (kernel_init+0x100/0x13c) [<c00089ec>] (kernel_init+0x100/0x13c) from [<c00283d4>] (kernel_thread_exit+0x0/0x8)
这是没有支持MTD分区或者没有文件系统支持，先修改下MTD分区：
打开arch/arm/mach-s3c64xx/mach-mini6410.c，并修改分区
static struct mtd_partition mini6410_nand_part[] = {
[0] = {
.name = "uboot",
.size = SZ_1M,
.offset = 0,
},
[1] = {
.name = "kernel",
.size = SZ_2M,
.offset = SZ_1M,
},
[2] = {
.name = "file system",
.size = MTDPART_SIZ_FULL,
.offset = SZ_1M + SZ_2M,
},
};
配置内核支持MTD：
Device Drivers --->
<*> Memory Technology Device (MTD) support --->
│ │ --- Memory Technology Device (MTD) support
│ │ [ ] Debugging
│ │ < > MTD tests support
│ │ [*] MTD partitioning support
│ │ < > RedBoot partition table parsing
│ │ [*] Command line partition table parsing
│ │ < > ARM Firmware Suite partition parsing
│ │ < > TI AR7 partitioning support
│ │ *** User Modules And Translation Layers ***
│ │ <*> Direct char device access to MTD devices
│ │ -*- Common interface to block layer for MTD ‘translation layers‘
│ │ <*> Caching block device access to MTD devices
配置内核支持DM9000：
[*] Networking support --->
Networking options --->
│ │ <*> Packet socket //包套接字接口
│ │ <*> Unix domain sockets //Unix域套接字
│ │ < > PF_KEY sockets
│ │ [*] TCP/IP networking //TCP/IP网络
│ │ [*] IP: multicasting //IP广播协议
│ │ [ ] IP: advanced router //高级路由
│ │ [*] IP: kernel level autoconfiguration //IP:内核级别自动配置
│ │ [*] IP: DHCP support //DHCP支持，启动时挂在NFS需要
│ │ [*] IP: BOOTP support //启动时挂在启动机子上的启动文件
│ │ [*] IP: RARP support //RARP支持，此项和DHCP需要网络中相应服务器支持
Device Drivers --->
[*] Network device support --->
│ │ --- Network device support
│ │ [*] Ethernet (10 or 100Mbit) --->
│ │ [ ] Ethernet (1000 Mbit) --->
│ │ [ ] Ethernet (10000 Mbit) --->
│ │ [ ] Wireless LAN --->
[*] Ethernet (10 or 100Mbit) --->
│ │ --- Ethernet (10 or 100Mbit)
│ │ < > ASIX AX88796 NE2000 clone support
│ │ < > SMC 91C9x/91C1xxx support
│ │ <*> DM9000 support
│ │ (4) DM9000 maximum debug level
配置内核文件系统为NFS网络文件系统：
File system --->
[*] Network File Systems --->
<*> NFS client support
│ │ [*] NFS client support for NFS version 3
│ │ [ ] NFS client support for the NFSv3 ACL protocol extension
│ │ [ ] NFS client support for NFS version 4
│ │ [*] Root file system on NFS
如果Network File Systems里面没有Root file system on NFS这一项，请检查下Networking options里面的DHCP支持有没有选上。
六、重新make生成内核镜像拷贝到tftp目录并启动系统，至此Linux内核在S3C6410上的基本移植工作完成。
系统启动过程中遇到以下错误信息的解决办法：
1、机器ID无法识别
Boot with zImage do not support this address : 50008000 Starting kernel ... Uncompressing Linux... done, booting the kernel. Error: unrecognized/unsupported machine ID (r1 = 0x000009d8).
在内核启动过程中，系统会检查uboot传递过来的机器ID是否与内核ID匹配，不匹配则会报这个错误。找一下CPU型号是否选对，如果CPU型号没问题则打开arch/arm/mach-xxx/mach-xxx.c(根据所选的CPU确定)找到
MACHINE_START(MINI6410, "MINI6410")函数所指定的CPU型号(MINI6410)，之后在arch/arm/tool/mach-types文件里面找到MACHINE_START所指定的CPU型号:
mini6410 MACH_MINI6410 MINI6410 2520
修改最后的机器ID(2520)为修改成上面错误信息打印出来的那个值(r1 = 0x000009d8)。
2、网络文件系统加载失败：
在上面配置没问题的情况下这种错误应该是网卡芯片DM9000的驱动程序有问题，打开arch/arm/mach-xxx/mach-xxx.c(根据所选的CPU确定)修改网卡设备信息：
/* DM9000AEP 10/100 ethernet controller */
static struct resource mini6410_dm9k_resource[] = {
[0] = {
.start = S3C64XX_PA_XM0CSN1,
.end = S3C64XX_PA_XM0CSN1 + 1,
.flags = IORESOURCE_MEM
},
[1] = {
.start = S3C64XX_PA_XM0CSN1 + 4,
.end = S3C64XX_PA_XM0CSN1 + 5,
.flags = IORESOURCE_MEM
},
[2] = {
.start = S3C_EINT(7),
.end = S3C_EINT(7),
.flags = IORESOURCE_IRQ | IORESOURCE_IRQ_HIGHLEVEL
}
};
参考链接：
http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_752fa65f0100p6m4.html
http://blog.csdn.net/lqrensn/article/details/5533613