在MySQL 5.7中,针对MDL,菠菜源码出售(www.1159880099.com)QQ1159880099 引入了一张新表performance_schema.metadata_locks,该表可对外展示MDL的相关信息,包括其作用对象,类型及持有等待情况。
开启MDL的instrument
但是相关instrument并没有开启(MySQL 8.0是默认开启的),其可通过如下两种方式开启,
临时生效
修改performance_schema.setup_instrume nts表,但实例重启后,又会恢复为默认值。
UPDATE performance_schema.setup_instruments SET ENABLED = ‘YES‘, TIMED = ‘YES‘
WHERE NAME = ‘wait/lock/metadata/sql/mdl‘;
永久生效
在配置文件中设置
[mysqld]
performance-schema-instrument=‘wait/lock/metadata/sql/mdl=ON‘
测试场景
下面结合一个简单的Demo,来看看在MySQL 5.7中如何定位DDL操作的阻塞问题。
复制代码
session1> begin;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
session1> delete from slowtech.t1 where id=2;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
session1> select * from slowtech.t1;
+------+------+
| id | name |
+------+------+
| 1 | a |
+------+------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
session1> update slowtech.t1 set name=‘c‘ where id=1;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
Rows matched: 1 Changed: 1 Warnings: 0
session2> alter table slowtech.t1 add c1 int; ##被阻塞
session3> show processlist;
+----+------+-----------+------+---------+------+---------------------------------+------------------------------------+
| Id | User | Host | db | Command | Time | State | Info |
+----+------+-----------+------+---------+------+---------------------------------+------------------------------------+
| 2 | root | localhost | NULL | Sleep | 51 | | NULL |
| 3 | root | localhost | NULL | Query | 0 | starting | show processlist |
| 4 | root | localhost | NULL | Query | 9 | Waiting for table metadata lock | alter table slowtech.t1 add c1 int |
+----+------+-----------+------+---------+------+---------------------------------+------------------------------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
session3> select object_type,object_schema,object_name,lock_type,lock_duration,lock_status,owner_thread_id from performance_schema.metadata_locks;
+-------------+--------------------+----------------+---------------------+---------------+-------------+-----------------+
| object_type | object_schema | object_name | lock_type | lock_duration | lock_status | owner_thread_id |
+-------------+--------------------+----------------+---------------------+---------------+-------------+-----------------+
| TABLE | slowtech | t1 | SHARED_WRITE | TRANSACTION | GRANTED | 27 |
| GLOBAL | NULL | NULL | INTENTION_EXCLUSIVE | STATEMENT | GRANTED | 29 |
| SCHEMA | slowtech | NULL | INTENTION_EXCLUSIVE | TRANSACTION | GRANTED | 29 |
| TABLE | slowtech | t1 | SHARED_UPGRADABLE | TRANSACTION | GRANTED | 29 |
| TABLE | slowtech | t1 | EXCLUSIVE | TRANSACTION | PENDING | 29 |
| TABLE | performance_schema | metadata_locks | SHARED_READ | TRANSACTION | GRANTED | 28 |
+-------------+--------------------+----------------+---------------------+---------------+-------------+-----------------+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)
复制代码
这里,重点关注lock_status,"PENDING"代表线程在等待MDL,而"GRANTED"则代表线程持有MDL。
如何找出引起阻塞的会话
结合owner_thread_id,可以可到,是29号线程在等待27号线程的MDL,此时,可kill掉52号线程。
但需要注意的是,owner_thread_id给出的只是线程ID,并不是show processlist中的ID。如果要查找线程对应的processlist id,需查询performance_schema.threads表。
复制代码
session3> select * from performance_schema.threads where thread_id in (27,29)\G
1. row
THREAD_ID: 27
NAME: thread/sql/one_connection
TYPE: FOREGROUND
PROCESSLIST_ID: 2
PROCESSLIST_USER: root
PROCESSLIST_HOST: localhost
PROCESSLIST_DB: NULL
PROCESSLIST_COMMAND: Sleep
PROCESSLIST_TIME: 214
PROCESSLIST_STATE: NULL
PROCESSLIST_INFO: NULL
PARENT_THREAD_ID: 1
ROLE: NULL
INSTRUMENTED: YES
HISTORY: YES
CONNECTION_TYPE: Socket
THREAD_OS_ID: 9800
2. row
THREAD_ID: 29
NAME: thread/sql/one_connection
TYPE: FOREGROUND
PROCESSLIST_ID: 4
PROCESSLIST_USER: root
PROCESSLIST_HOST: localhost
PROCESSLIST_DB: NULL
PROCESSLIST_COMMAND: Query
PROCESSLIST_TIME: 172
PROCESSLIST_STATE: Waiting for table metadata lock
PROCESSLIST_INFO: alter table slowtech.t1 add c1 int
PARENT_THREAD_ID: 1
ROLE: NULL
INSTRUMENTED: YES
HISTORY: YES
CONNECTION_TYPE: Socket
THREAD_OS_ID: 9907
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
复制代码
将这两张表结合,借鉴sys.innodb_lock _waits的输出,实际上我们也可以直观地呈现MDL的等待关系。
复制代码
SELECT
a.OBJECT_SCHEMA AS locked_schema,
a.OBJECT_NAME AS locked_table,
"Metadata Lock" AS locked_type,
c.PROCESSLIST_ID AS waiting_processlist_id,
c.PROCESSLIST_TIME AS waiting_age,
c.PROCESSLIST_INFO AS waiting_query,
c.PROCESSLIST_STATE AS waiting_state,
d.PROCESSLIST_ID AS blocking_processlist_id,
d.PROCESSLIST_TIME AS blocking_age,
d.PROCESSLIST_INFO AS blocking_query,
concat(‘KILL ‘, d.PROCESSLIST_ID) AS sql_kill_blocking_connection
FROM
performance_schema.metadata_locks a
JOIN performance_schema.metadata_locks b ON a.OBJECT_SCHEMA = b.OBJECT_SCHEMA
AND a.OBJECT_NAME = b.OBJECT_NAME
AND a.lock_status = ‘PENDING‘
AND b.lock_status = ‘GRANTED‘
AND a.OWNER_THREAD_ID <> b.OWNER_THREAD_ID
AND a.lock_type = ‘EXCLUSIVE‘
JOIN performance_schema.threads c ON a.OWNER_THREAD_ID = c.THREAD_ID
JOIN performance_schema.threads d ON b.OWNER_THREAD_ID = d.THREAD_ID\G
1. row
locked_schema: slowtech
locked_table: t1
locked_type: Metadata Lock
waiting_processlist_id: 4
waiting_age: 259
waiting_query: alter table slowtech.t1 add c1 int
waiting_state: Waiting for table metadata lock
blocking_processlist_id: 2
blocking_age: 301
blocking_query: NULL
sql_kill_blocking_connection: KILL 2
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
复制代码
输出一目了然,DDL操作如果要获得MDL,执行kill 2即可。
官方的sys.schematablelock_waits
实际上,MySQL 5.7在sys库中也集成了类似功能,同样的场景,其输出如下,
复制代码
mysql> select * from sys.schema_table_lock_waits\G
1. row
object_schema: slowtech
object_name: t1
waiting_thread_id: 29
waiting_pid: 4
waiting_account: [email protected]
waiting_lock_type: EXCLUSIVE
waiting_lock_duration: TRANSACTION
waiting_query: alter table slowtech.t1 add c1 int
waiting_query_secs: 446
waiting_query_rows_affected: 0
waiting_query_rows_examined: 0
blocking_thread_id: 27
blocking_pid: 2
blocking_account: [email protected]
blocking_lock_type: SHARED_READ
blocking_lock_duration: TRANSACTION
sql_kill_blocking_query: KILL QUERY 2
sql_kill_blocking_connection: KILL 2
2. row
object_schema: slowtech
object_name: t1
waiting_thread_id: 29
waiting_pid: 4
waiting_account: [email protected]
waiting_lock_type: EXCLUSIVE
waiting_lock_duration: TRANSACTION
waiting_query: alter table slowtech.t1 add c1 int
waiting_query_secs: 446
waiting_query_rows_affected: 0
waiting_query_rows_examined: 0
blocking_thread_id: 29
blocking_pid: 4
blocking_account: [email protected]
blocking_lock_type: SHARED_UPGRADABLE
blocking_lock_duration: TRANSACTION
sql_kill_blocking_query: KILL QUERY 4
sql_kill_blocking_connection: KILL 4
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
复制代码
具体分析下官方的输出,
只有一个alter table操作,却产生了两条记录,而且两条记录的kill对象竟然还不一样,对表结构不熟悉及不仔细看记录内容的话,难免会kill错对象。
不仅如此,如果有N个查询被DDL操作堵塞,则会产生N2条记录。在阻塞操作较多的情况下,这N2条记录完全是个噪音。
而之前的SQL,无论有多少操作被阻塞,一个alter table操作,就只会输出一条记录。
如何查看阻塞会话已经执行过的操作
但上面这个SQL也有遗憾,其blocking_query为NULL,而在会话1中,其明明已经执行了三个SQL。
这个与performance_schema.threads(类似于show processlist)有关,其只会输出当前正在运行的SQL,对于已经执行过的,实际上是没办法看到。
但在线上,kill是一个需要谨慎的操作,毕竟你很难知道kill的是不是业务关键操作?又或者,是个批量update操作?那么,有没有办法抓到该事务之前的操作呢?
答案,有。
即Performance Schema中记录Statement Event(操作事件)的表,具体包括events_statements_current,events_statements_history,events_statements_history_long,prepared_statements_instances。
常用的是前面三个。
三者的表结构完全一致,其中,events_statements_history又包含了events_statements_current的操作,所以我们这里会使用events_statements_history。
终极SQL如下,
复制代码
SELECT
locked_schema,
locked_table,
locked_type,
waiting_processlist_id,
waiting_age,
waiting_query,
waiting_state,
blocking_processlist_id,
blocking_age,
substring_index(sql_text,"transaction_begin;" ,-1) AS blocking_query,
sql_kill_blocking_connection
FROM
(
SELECT
b.OWNER_THREAD_ID AS granted_thread_id,
a.OBJECT_SCHEMA AS locked_schema,
a.OBJECT_NAME AS locked_table,
"Metadata Lock" AS locked_type,
c.PROCESSLIST_ID AS waiting_processlist_id,
c.PROCESSLIST_TIME AS waiting_age,
c.PROCESSLIST_INFO AS waiting_query,
c.PROCESSLIST_STATE AS waiting_state,
d.PROCESSLIST_ID AS blocking_processlist_id,
d.PROCESSLIST_TIME AS blocking_age,
d.PROCESSLIST_INFO AS blocking_query,
concat(‘KILL ‘, d.PROCESSLIST_ID) AS sql_kill_blocking_connection
FROM
performance_schema.metadata_locks a
JOIN performance_schema.metadata_locks b ON a.OBJECT_SCHEMA = b.OBJECT_SCHEMA
AND a.OBJECT_NAME = b.OBJECT_NAME
AND a.lock_status = ‘PENDING‘
AND b.lock_status = ‘GRANTED‘
AND a.OWNER_THREAD_ID <> b.OWNER_THREAD_ID
AND a.lock_type = ‘EXCLUSIVE‘
JOIN performance_schema.threads c ON a.OWNER_THREAD_ID = c.THREAD_ID
JOIN performance_schema.threads d ON b.OWNER_THREAD_ID = d.THREAD_ID
) t1,
(
SELECT
thread_id,
group_concat( CASE WHEN EVENT_NAME = ‘statement/sql/begin‘ THEN "transaction_begin" ELSE sql_text END ORDER BY event_id SEPARATOR ";" ) AS sql_text
FROM
performance_schema.events_statements_history
GROUP BY thread_id
) t2
WHERE
t1.granted_thread_id = t2.thread_id \G
1. row
locked_schema: slowtech
locked_table: t1
locked_type: Metadata Lock
waiting_processlist_id: 4
waiting_age: 294
waiting_query: alter table slowtech.t1 add c1 int
waiting_state: Waiting for table metadata lock
blocking_processlist_id: 2
blocking_age: 336
blocking_query: delete from slowtech.t1 where id=2;select * from slowtech.t1;update slowtech.t1 set name=‘c‘ where id=1
sql_kill_blocking_connection: KILL 2
1 row in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
复制代码
从上面的输出可以看到,blocking_query中包含了会话1中当前事务的所有操作,按执行的先后顺序输出。
需要注意的是,默认情况下,events_statements_history只会保留每个线程最近的10个操作,如果事务中进行的操作较多,实际上也是没办法抓全的。
原文地址:http://blog.51cto.com/13924318/2160231