自然语言17_Chinking with NLTK

https://www.pythonprogramming.net/chinking-nltk-tutorial/?completed=/chunking-nltk-tutorial/

Chinking with NLTK

You may find that, after a lot of chunking, you have some words in
your chunk you still do not want, but you have no idea how to get rid
of them by chunking. You may find that chinking is your solution.

Chinking is a lot like chunking, it is basically a way for you to
remove a chunk from a chunk. The chunk that you remove from your chunk
is your chink.

The code is very similar, you just denote the chink, after the chunk, with }{ instead of the chunk‘s {}.

import nltk
from nltk.corpus import state_union
from nltk.tokenize import PunktSentenceTokenizer

train_text = state_union.raw("2005-GWBush.txt")
sample_text = state_union.raw("2006-GWBush.txt")

custom_sent_tokenizer = PunktSentenceTokenizer(train_text)

tokenized = custom_sent_tokenizer.tokenize(sample_text)

def process_content():
    try:
        for i in tokenized[5:]:
            words = nltk.word_tokenize(i)
            tagged = nltk.pos_tag(words)

            chunkGram = r"""Chunk: {<.*>+}
                                    }<VB.?|IN|DT|TO>+{"""

            chunkParser = nltk.RegexpParser(chunkGram)
            chunked = chunkParser.parse(tagged)

            chunked.draw()

    except Exception as e:
        print(str(e))

process_content()

With this, you are given something like:

Now, the main difference here is:

}<VB.?|IN|DT|TO>+{

This means we‘re removing from the chink one or more verbs, prepositions, determiners, or the word ‘to‘.

Now that we‘ve learned how to do some custom forms of chunking, and chinking, let‘s discuss a built-in form of chunking that comes with NLTK, and that is named entity recognition.