RMAN备份
不归档 归档
online offline online offline
完全 部分 完全 部分 完全 部分 完全 部分
shutdown nomount mount open
备份数据文件：
1.全数据库备份，部分备份
2. 联机备份（热备份）<数据库开启，一致性有差别>，脱机备份(冷备份)<关闭数据库之后备份，一致性高>
SQL> select file_id, file_name from dba_data_files;
RMAN> backup datafile 4;
RMAN> backup datafile 4, 5;
RMAN> backup datafile ‘/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf‘; 备份数据文件
RMAN> backup tablespace users; 备份表空间（表空间中的文件）
RMAN> backup tablespace users, example;
RMAN> backup database; 备份数据库
RMAN> list backup; 查看备份
desc v$backup_set，浏览器查看备份
增量备份：
RMAN> backup incremental level 0 tablespace users;
RMAN> list backup of tablespace users;
SQL> create table t1(x int) tablespace users;
SQL> insert into t1 values (1);
SQL> commit;
RMAN> backup incremental level 1 tablespace users;
RMAN> list backup of tablespace users;
SQL> create table t2(x int) tablespace users;
SQL> insert into t2 values (1);
SQL> commit;
RMAN> backup incremental level 1 cumulative tablespace users;
RMAN> list backup of tablespace users;
开启块跟踪：
SQL> alter database enable block change tracking using file ‘/home/oracle/blk_trk.chg‘;
需要重新连接会话
SQL> select * from v$block_change_tracking;
SQL> select DATAFILE_BLOCKS, BLOCKS_READ, BLOCKS, USED_CHANGE_TRACKING from v$backup_datafile where INCREMENTAL_LEVEL>0;
SQL> create table t3(x int) tablespace users;
SQL> insert into t3 values (1);
SQL> commit;
RMAN> backup incremental level 1 tablespace users;
SQL> select DATAFILE_BLOCKS, BLOCKS_READ, BLOCKS, USED_CHANGE_TRACKING from v$backup_datafile where INCREMENTAL_LEVEL>0;
SQL> alter database disable block change tracking; 关闭
增量更新：
SQL> create table t1(x int) tablespace users;
SQL> insert into t1 values (1);
SQL> commit;
RMAN> backup incremental level 1 for recover of copy with tag ‘update_copy‘ tablespace users; 第一次创建的是0级备份
RMAN> list copy; 记录time和scn
SQL> insert into t1 values (2);
SQL> commit;
RMAN> backup incremental level 1 for recover of copy with tag ‘update_copy‘ tablespace users; 第2次创建的是1级备份
RMAN> list backup; backupset格式
RMAN> recover copy of tablespace users with tag ‘update_copy‘;
RMAN> list copy; time和scn更新
脚本形式：
RMAN> run {
backup incremental level 1 for recover of copy with tag ‘update_copy‘ tablespace users;
recover copy of tablespace users with tag ‘update_copy‘;
}
备份归档日志：
RMAN> list archivelog all;
RMAN> backup archivelog all delete all input; 备份归档全部删除所有输入
RMAN> list archivelog all;
RMAN> list backup;
备份的维护：
查看：
RMAN> list backup;
RMAN> list copy;
RMAN> list backup of tablespace users;
RMAN> list backup of datafile 4;
RMAN> list archivelog all;
检查备份：
RMAN> delete backup; 删除备份
RMAN> delete copy;
RMAN> list backup; list copy;
RMAN> report need backup; 根据策略检查
RMAN> backup tablespace users;
RMAN> report need backup;
RMAN> CONFIGURE RETENTION POLICY TO REDUNDANCY 2;
RMAN> report need backup;
RMAN> CONFIGURE RETENTION POLICY clear;
RMAN> report obsolete; 报告所有废弃的备份
删除备份：
RMAN> delete backupset of tablespace users;
RMAN> delete backupset 1234;
RMAN> backup tablespace users;
RMAN> backup tablespace users;
RMAN> show all;
RMAN> delete obsolete; 删除超过冗余度的备份
crosscheck:
RMAN> delete backup;
RMAN> backup tablespace users;
RMAN> list backup of tablespace users;
$ mv /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORCL/backupset/… 改名
RMAN> restore datafile 4; 报错
RMAN> crosscheck backup;
RMAN> list backup of tablespace users; 报废状态
RMAN> list expired backup;
$ mv /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORCL/backupset/… 恢复原名
RMAN> crosscheck backup;
RMAN> list backup of tablespace users; 可用状态
RMAN> delete expired backup;
catalog:
$ cp /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORCL/backupset/… 复制
RMAN> delete backup;
RMAN> list backup; backupset消失
$ mv /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORCL/backupset/… 恢复原名
RMAN> catalog recovery area noprompt;
RMAN> list backup; backupset恢复