httpd-2.4 编译安装

安装环境

1. 系统环境：CentOS 6.5-x86_64


2. 所需软件包：
   1. apr-1.5.0.tar.bz2
   
   
   2. apr-util-1.5.3.tar.bz2
   
   
   3. httpd-2.4.9.tar.bz2


3. 下载地址：
   1. http://apr.apache.org/
   
   
   2. http://httpd.apache.org/

安装步骤

1. 注：httpd-2.4版本依赖于更高版本（1.5版本以上）的apr和apr-util；apr全称为apache portable
   runtime，能实现httpd跨平台运行


2. 解决依赖关系

   tar xf apr-util-1.5.3.tar.bz2
   
   cd apr-util-1.5.3
   
   ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apr-util --with-apr=/usr/local/apr/
   
   make && make install



3. 编译安装apr-1.5.0

   tar xf apr-1.5.0.tar.bz2
   
   cd apr-1.5.0
   
   ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apr
   
   make && make install



4. 编译安装apr-util-1.5.3

   tar xf apr-util-1.5.3.tar.bz2
   
   cd apr-util-1.5.3
   
   ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apr-util --with-apr=/usr/local/apr/
   
   make && make install



5. httpd编译安装

tar xf httpd-2.4.9.tar.bz2

cd httpd-2.4.9

./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apache --sysconfdir=/etc/httpd249 --enable-so --enable-ssl --enable-cgi --enable-rewrite --enable-deflate --with-z --with-pcre --with-apr=/usr/local/apr --with-apr-util=/usr/local/apr-util/ --enable-modules=most --enable-mpms-shared=all --with-mpm=event

make && make install

# 各编译参数详解

--prefix：#安装路径

--sysconfdir：#指定配置文件路径

--enable-so：#DSO兼容，DSO=Dynamic Shared Object，动态共享对象，可实现模块动态生效

--enable-ssl：#支持SSL/TLS，可以实现https访问

--enable-cgi：#支持CGI脚本（默认对非线程的MPM模式开启）

--enable-rewrite：#启用Rewrite功能

--enable-deflate：#支持压缩

--with-z：#使用指定的zlib库，不指定路径会自动寻找

--with-pcre：#使用指定的PCRE库，不指定路径会自动寻找

--with-apr：#指定apr安装路径

--with-apr-util：#指定apr-util安装路径

--enable-modules：#支持动态启用的模块，可选参数有“all”，“most”，“few”，“reallyall”

--enable-mpms-shared：#支持动态加载的MPM模块，可选“all”

--with-mpm：#设置默认启用的MPM模式

后续配置

i.修改httpd的主配置文件，设置其Pid文件的路径

ln -sv /usr/local/apache/include /usr/include/httpd

ii.导出头文件

ln -sv /usr/local/apache/include /usr/include/httpd

iii.导出man手册

vi /etc/man.config

    MANPATH /usr/local/apache/man  # man文件在apache安装目录下哦

iv.编写服务脚本(因是编译安装，不会自动生成服务脚本)

# vi /etc/rc.d/init.d/httpd

#!/bin/bash

#

# httpd        Startup script for the Apache HTTP Server

#

# chkconfig: - 85 15

# description: Apache is a World Wide Web server.  It is used to serve #        HTML files and CGI.

# processname: httpd

# config: /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf

# config: /etc/sysconfig/httpd

# pidfile: /var/run/httpd.pid

# Source function library.

. /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions

if [ -f /etc/sysconfig/httpd ]; then

        . /etc/sysconfig/httpd

fi

# Start httpd in the C locale by default.

HTTPD_LANG=${HTTPD_LANG-"C"}

# This will prevent initlog from swallowing up a pass-phrase prompt if

# mod_ssl needs a pass-phrase from the user.

INITLOG_ARGS=""

# Set HTTPD=/usr/sbin/httpd.worker in /etc/sysconfig/httpd to use a server

# with the thread-based "worker" MPM; BE WARNED that some modules may not

# work correctly with a thread-based MPM; notably PHP will refuse to start.

# Path to the apachectl script, server binary, and short-form for messages.

apachectl=/usr/local/apache/bin/apachectl

httpd=${HTTPD-/usr/local/apache/bin/httpd}

prog=httpd

pidfile=${PIDFILE-/var/run/httpd.pid}

lockfile=${LOCKFILE-/var/lock/subsys/httpd}

RETVAL=0

start() {

    echo -n $"Starting $prog: "

    LANG=$HTTPD_LANG daemon --pidfile=${pidfile} $httpd $OPTIONS

    RETVAL=$?

    echo

    [ $RETVAL = 0 ] && touch ${lockfile}

    return $RETVAL

}

stop() {

     echo -n $"Stopping $prog: "

     killproc -p ${pidfile} -d 10 $httpd

     RETVAL=$?

     echo

     [ $RETVAL = 0 ] && rm -f ${lockfile} ${pidfile}

}

reload() {

    echo -n $"Reloading $prog: "

    if ! LANG=$HTTPD_LANG $httpd $OPTIONS -t >&/dev/null; then

        RETVAL=$?

        echo $"not reloading due to configuration syntax error"

        failure $"not reloading $httpd due to configuration syntax error"

    else

        killproc -p ${pidfile} $httpd -HUP

        RETVAL=$?

    fi

    echo

}

# See how we were called.

case "$1" in

start)

    start;;

stop)

    stop;;

status)

    status -p ${pidfile} $httpd

    RETVAL=$?;;

restart)

    stop

    start;;

condrestart)

    if [ -f ${pidfile} ] ; then

        stop

        start

    fi;;

reload)

    reload;;

graceful|help|configtest|fullstatus)

    $apachectl [email protected]

    RETVAL=$?;;

*)

    echo $"Usage: $prog {start|stop|restart|condrestart|reload|status|fullstatus|graceful|help|configtest}"

    exit 1

esac

exit $RETVAL

启动服务并测试

# 为服务脚本赋予执行权限：

chmod +x /etc/rc.d/init.d/httpd

# 加入服务列表：

chkconfig --add httpd

# 启动服务

service httpd start

浏览器访问：http://Server_IP/   # 显示“It works”，即表示httpd服务启动成功

httpd 2.4新特性说明

1. 新增特性
   1. MPM支持在运行时装载
   
   
   2. 支持event MPM类型
   
   
   3. 支持异步读写
   
   
   4. 在每模块及每目录上指定日志级别
   
   
   5. 每请求配置：<If>，<Elseif>
   
   
   6. 增强版的表达式分析器
   
   
   7. 毫秒级的keepalive timeout
   
   
   8. 基于FQDN的虚拟主机不再需要NameVirtualHost指令
   
   
   9. 支持使用自定义变量


2. 新增模块
   1. mod_proxy_fcgi
   
   
   2. mod_ratelimit
   
   
   3. mod_request
   
   
   4. mod_remoteip


3. 修改
   1. 对于基于IP的访问控制做了修改，不再支持使用order, allow,
      deny这些机制，而是统一使用require进行