前言
本篇主要介绍一下synchronized的批量重偏向和批量撤销机制,属于深水区,大家提前备好氧气瓶。
说完synchronized锁的膨胀过程,下面我们再延伸一下synchronized锁的两种特殊处理,一种是锁的批量重偏向,一种是锁的批量撤销。JVM中有两个参数,BiasedLockingBulkRebiasThreshold和BiasedLockingBulkRevokeThreshold,前者默认阈值为20,控制批量重偏向;后者默认阈值为40,控制批量撤销。下面我们分别看一下它们是如何发挥作用的。
一、批量重偏向
synchronized关键字不支持单个的重偏向,但是可以批量进行。所谓批量重偏向,是指不存在锁竞争的条件下,如果同一个类有50个对象偏向线程t1,而线程t2又分别对这50个对象进行循环加锁,此时t2加锁的前19个对象会膨胀为轻量锁,等到第20个对象时,JVM会预测这个类后面的所有对象都要偏向t2,所以再加锁时,就不会执行锁膨胀了,而是重偏向到线程t2。
只说理论可能大家没什么感知,下面用测试代码来演示一下:
1 package com.mybokeyuan.lockDemo; 2 3 import org.openjdk.jol.info.ClassLayout; 4 5 import java.util.ArrayList; 6 import java.util.List; 7 public class BulkLockClientTest { 8 static List<User> userList = new ArrayList<>(); 9 public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { 10 // 先睡眠5秒,保证开启偏向锁 11 try { 12 Thread.sleep(5000); 13 } catch (InterruptedException e) { // -XX:-UseBiasedLocking 14 e.printStackTrace(); // -XX:BiasedLockingStartupDelay=0 15 } 16 for (int i = 0; i < 50; i++) { 17 userList.add(new User()); // 开启了偏向锁,所以新建的对象都是初始化的偏向锁状态 18 } 19 System.out.println("userList.get(0):"); 20 System.out.println(ClassLayout.parseInstance(userList.get(0)).toPrintable()); 21 22 Thread t1 = new Thread(() -> { 23 // 循环加锁,加锁后list中的user都是t1线程的偏向锁 24 for (User user : userList) { 25 synchronized (user) { 26 } 27 } 28 try { 29 Thread.sleep(1000000); 30 } catch (InterruptedException e) { 31 e.printStackTrace(); 32 } 33 }); 34 t1.start(); 35 // 保证t1中的for循环结束 36 Thread.sleep(3000); 37 System.out.println("after t1"); 38 // 此时打印出来的对象头,全都是偏向t1线程的偏向锁 39 System.out.println(ClassLayout.parseInstance(userList.get(0)).toPrintable()); 40 41 Thread t2 = new Thread(() -> { 42 for (int i = 0; i < userList.size(); i++) { 43 // 在t2线程中循环加锁,加到第20个user的时候,会触发批量重偏向,第20个以及后面的对象变为偏向t2线程的偏向锁 44 // 而之前的19个对象仍然为轻量级锁 45 synchronized (userList.get(i)) { 46 if (i == 0 || i == 18 || i == 19 || i == 20) { 47 System.out.println("running t2: " + (i+1)); 48 System.out.println(ClassLayout.parseInstance(userList.get(i)).toPrintable()); 49 } 50 } 51 } 52 53 }); 54 t2.start(); 55 } 56 }
结果为:
userList.get(0): com.mybokeyuan.lockDemo.User object internals: OFFSET SIZE TYPE DESCRIPTION VALUE 0 4 (object header) 05 00 00 00 (00000101 00000000 00000000 00000000) (5) 4 4 (object header) 00 00 00 00 (00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000) (0) 8 4 (object header) 43 c1 00 20 (01000011 11000001 00000000 00100000) (536920387) 12 1 byte User.age 0 13 3 (alignment/padding gap) 16 4 java.lang.String User.name null 20 4 (loss due to the next object alignment) Instance size: 24 bytes Space losses: 3 bytes internal + 4 bytes external = 7 bytes total after t1 com.mybokeyuan.lockDemo.User object internals: OFFSET SIZE TYPE DESCRIPTION VALUE 0 4 (object header) 05 d8 95 1a (00000101 11011000 10010101 00011010) (446027781) 4 4 (object header) 00 00 00 00 (00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000) (0) 8 4 (object header) 43 c1 00 20 (01000011 11000001 00000000 00100000) (536920387) 12 1 byte User.age 0 13 3 (alignment/padding gap) 16 4 java.lang.String User.name null 20 4 (loss due to the next object alignment) Instance size: 24 bytes Space losses: 3 bytes internal + 4 bytes external = 7 bytes total running t2: 1 com.mybokeyuan.lockDemo.User object internals: OFFSET SIZE TYPE DESCRIPTION VALUE 0 4 (object header) d0 f0 2a 1b (11010000 11110000 00101010 00011011) (455798992) 4 4 (object header) 00 00 00 00 (00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000) (0) 8 4 (object header) 43 c1 00 20 (01000011 11000001 00000000 00100000) (536920387) 12 1 byte User.age 0 13 3 (alignment/padding gap) 16 4 java.lang.String User.name null 20 4 (loss due to the next object alignment) Instance size: 24 bytes Space losses: 3 bytes internal + 4 bytes external = 7 bytes total running t2: 19 com.mybokeyuan.lockDemo.User object internals: OFFSET SIZE TYPE DESCRIPTION VALUE 0 4 (object header) d0 f0 2a 1b (11010000 11110000 00101010 00011011) (455798992) 4 4 (object header) 00 00 00 00 (00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000) (0) 8 4 (object header) 43 c1 00 20 (01000011 11000001 00000000 00100000) (536920387) 12 1 byte User.age 0 13 3 (alignment/padding gap) 16 4 java.lang.String User.name null 20 4 (loss due to the next object alignment) Instance size: 24 bytes Space losses: 3 bytes internal + 4 bytes external = 7 bytes total running t2: 20 com.mybokeyuan.lockDemo.User object internals: OFFSET SIZE TYPE DESCRIPTION VALUE 0 4 (object header) 05 e1 95 1a (00000101 11100001 10010101 00011010) (446030085) 4 4 (object header) 00 00 00 00 (00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000) (0) 8 4 (object header) 43 c1 00 20 (01000011 11000001 00000000 00100000) (536920387) 12 1 byte User.age 0 13 3 (alignment/padding gap) 16 4 java.lang.String User.name null 20 4 (loss due to the next object alignment) Instance size: 24 bytes Space losses: 3 bytes internal + 4 bytes external = 7 bytes total running t2: 21 com.mybokeyuan.lockDemo.User object internals: OFFSET SIZE TYPE DESCRIPTION VALUE 0 4 (object header) 05 e1 95 1a (00000101 11100001 10010101 00011010) (446030085) 4 4 (object header) 00 00 00 00 (00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000) (0) 8 4 (object header) 43 c1 00 20 (01000011 11000001 00000000 00100000) (536920387) 12 1 byte User.age 0 13 3 (alignment/padding gap) 16 4 java.lang.String User.name null 20 4 (loss due to the next object alignment) Instance size: 24 bytes Space losses: 3 bytes internal + 4 bytes external = 7 bytes total
可以看到,在t2线程的同步块中,第1到第19个对象仍然是轻量级锁,而到第二十个对象以及后面,全部变为了偏向t2线程的偏向锁。这就是批量重偏向机制。批量重偏向是针对类对象-Class对象设置的,如果同一个类有连续20个对象都被另一个线程同步持有,那么JVM就会放弃膨胀为轻量级锁的处理方式,而是将后面出现的此对象实例重偏向到这个新的线程。
二、批量撤销
假设有80个A类的对象实例,开始时全部偏向线程t1,然后t2线程对第1-40个对象又进行了加锁处理,此时根据批量重定向机制,1-19个对象先是会膨胀为轻量级锁,退出同步块后变为无锁;而第20-40个对象会因为触发批量重定向,锁状态变为偏向t2线程的偏向锁。这时t3线程来了,它对第21-43个对象进行加锁处理(注意t3线程的前20个对象不能跟t2线程的前20个对象重合),这时由于t2线程撤销偏向锁撤销了19次(JVM会按20次计算),t3线程撤销偏向锁撤销了19次(JVM会按20次计算),总共撤销的次数达到了40的阈值,此时JVM会判定为这个A类的对象有问题(不断的切换偏向线程会降低执行效率),从第21-43,都会变为轻量级锁,不再进行重偏向操作,而且会对这个A类的对象关闭偏向的设置,即往后再newA类的对象时,不会进入偏向锁状态,只能走无锁-轻量级锁0重量级锁的膨胀过程。所以批量撤销全称应该为:批量撤销偏向锁。
下面通过模拟代码来展现批量撤销的过程:
1 package com.mybokeyuan.lockDemo; 2 3 import org.openjdk.jol.info.ClassLayout; 4 5 import java.util.ArrayList; 6 import java.util.List; 7 // -XX:+PrintFlagsFinal 8 public class BulkLockClientTest { 9 static List<User> userList = new ArrayList<>(); 10 public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { 11 // 先睡眠5秒,保证开启偏向锁 12 try { 13 Thread.sleep(5000); 14 } catch (InterruptedException e) { // -XX:-UseBiasedLocking 15 e.printStackTrace(); // -XX:BiasedLockingStartupDelay=0 16 } 17 for (int i = 0; i < 80; i++) { 18 userList.add(new User()); // 开启了偏向锁,所以新建的对象都是初始化的偏向锁状态 19 } 20 System.out.println("userList.get(0):"); 21 System.out.println(ClassLayout.parseInstance(userList.get(0)).toPrintable()); 22 23 Thread t1 = new Thread(() -> { 24 // 循环加锁,加锁后list中的user都是t1线程的偏向锁 25 for (User user : userList) { 26 synchronized (user) { 27 } 28 } 29 try { 30 Thread.sleep(1000000); 31 } catch (InterruptedException e) { 32 e.printStackTrace(); 33 } 34 }); 35 t1.start(); 36 // 保证t1中的for循环结束 37 Thread.sleep(3000); 38 System.out.println("after t1"); 39 // 此时打印出来的对象头,全都是偏向t1线程的偏向锁 40 System.out.println(ClassLayout.parseInstance(userList.get(0)).toPrintable()); 41 42 Thread t2 = new Thread(() -> { 43 for (int i = 0; i < 40; i++) { 44 // 在t2线程中循环加锁,加到第20个user的时候,会触发批量重偏向,第20个以及后面的对象变为偏向t2线程的偏向锁 45 // 而之前的19个对象仍然为轻量级锁 46 synchronized (userList.get(i)) { 47 if (i == 18) { 48 System.out.println("running t2: " + (i+1)); 49 System.out.println(ClassLayout.parseInstance(userList.get(i)).toPrintable()); 50 } 51 } 52 } 53 try { 54 Thread.sleep(1000000); 55 } catch (InterruptedException e) { 56 e.printStackTrace(); 57 } 58 }); 59 t2.start(); 60 Thread.sleep(3000); 61 System.out.println("after t2"); 62 System.out.println(ClassLayout.parseInstance(new User()).toPrintable()); 63 64 Thread t3 = new Thread(() -> { 65 for (int i = 20; i < 43; i++) { 66 // 在t3线程中循环加锁,加到第20个user的时候,会触发批量重偏向,第20个以及后面的对象变为偏向t2线程的偏向锁 67 // 而之前的19个对象仍然为轻量级锁 68 synchronized (userList.get(i)) { 69 if (i == 30 || i == 42) { 70 System.out.println("running t3: " + (i+1)); 71 System.out.println(ClassLayout.parseInstance(userList.get(i)).toPrintable()); 72 } 73 } 74 } 75 try { 76 Thread.sleep(1000000); 77 } catch (InterruptedException e) { 78 e.printStackTrace(); 79 } 80 }); 81 t3.start(); 82 Thread.sleep(3000); 83 System.out.println("after t3"); 84 System.out.println(ClassLayout.parseInstance(new User()).toPrintable()); 85 } 86 }
打印结果:
userList.get(0): com.mybokeyuan.lockDemo.User object internals: OFFSET SIZE TYPE DESCRIPTION VALUE 0 4 (object header) 05 00 00 00 (00000101 00000000 00000000 00000000) (5) 4 4 (object header) 00 00 00 00 (00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000) (0) 8 4 (object header) 43 c1 00 20 (01000011 11000001 00000000 00100000) (536920387) 12 1 byte User.age 0 13 3 (alignment/padding gap) 16 4 java.lang.String User.name null 20 4 (loss due to the next object alignment) Instance size: 24 bytes Space losses: 3 bytes internal + 4 bytes external = 7 bytes total after t1 com.mybokeyuan.lockDemo.User object internals: OFFSET SIZE TYPE DESCRIPTION VALUE 0 4 (object header) 05 f0 1d 1b (00000101 11110000 00011101 00011011) (454946821) 4 4 (object header) 00 00 00 00 (00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000) (0) 8 4 (object header) 43 c1 00 20 (01000011 11000001 00000000 00100000) (536920387) 12 1 byte User.age 0 13 3 (alignment/padding gap) 16 4 java.lang.String User.name null 20 4 (loss due to the next object alignment) Instance size: 24 bytes Space losses: 3 bytes internal + 4 bytes external = 7 bytes total running t2: 19 com.mybokeyuan.lockDemo.User object internals: OFFSET SIZE TYPE DESCRIPTION VALUE 0 4 (object header) b0 ef bd 1b (10110000 11101111 10111101 00011011) (465432496) 4 4 (object header) 00 00 00 00 (00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000) (0) 8 4 (object header) 43 c1 00 20 (01000011 11000001 00000000 00100000) (536920387) 12 1 byte User.age 0 13 3 (alignment/padding gap) 16 4 java.lang.String User.name null 20 4 (loss due to the next object alignment) Instance size: 24 bytes Space losses: 3 bytes internal + 4 bytes external = 7 bytes total after t2 com.mybokeyuan.lockDemo.User object internals: OFFSET SIZE TYPE DESCRIPTION VALUE 0 4 (object header) 05 01 00 00 (00000101 00000001 00000000 00000000) (261) 4 4 (object header) 00 00 00 00 (00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000) (0) 8 4 (object header) 43 c1 00 20 (01000011 11000001 00000000 00100000) (536920387) 12 1 byte User.age 0 13 3 (alignment/padding gap) 16 4 java.lang.String User.name null 20 4 (loss due to the next object alignment) Instance size: 24 bytes Space losses: 3 bytes internal + 4 bytes external = 7 bytes total running t3: 31 com.mybokeyuan.lockDemo.User object internals: OFFSET SIZE TYPE DESCRIPTION VALUE 0 4 (object header) 90 f4 cd 1b (10010000 11110100 11001101 00011011) (466482320) 4 4 (object header) 00 00 00 00 (00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000) (0) 8 4 (object header) 43 c1 00 20 (01000011 11000001 00000000 00100000) (536920387) 12 1 byte User.age 0 13 3 (alignment/padding gap) 16 4 java.lang.String User.name null 20 4 (loss due to the next object alignment) Instance size: 24 bytes Space losses: 3 bytes internal + 4 bytes external = 7 bytes total running t3: 43 com.mybokeyuan.lockDemo.User object internals: OFFSET SIZE TYPE DESCRIPTION VALUE 0 4 (object header) 90 f4 cd 1b (10010000 11110100 11001101 00011011) (466482320) 4 4 (object header) 00 00 00 00 (00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000) (0) 8 4 (object header) 43 c1 00 20 (01000011 11000001 00000000 00100000) (536920387) 12 1 byte User.age 0 13 3 (alignment/padding gap) 16 4 java.lang.String User.name null 20 4 (loss due to the next object alignment) Instance size: 24 bytes Space losses: 3 bytes internal + 4 bytes external = 7 bytes total after t3 com.mybokeyuan.lockDemo.User object internals: OFFSET SIZE TYPE DESCRIPTION VALUE 0 4 (object header) 01 00 00 00 (00000001 00000000 00000000 00000000) (1) 4 4 (object header) 00 00 00 00 (00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000) (0) 8 4 (object header) 43 c1 00 20 (01000011 11000001 00000000 00100000) (536920387) 12 1 byte User.age 0 13 3 (alignment/padding gap) 16 4 java.lang.String User.name null 20 4 (loss due to the next object alignment) Instance size: 24 bytes Space losses: 3 bytes internal + 4 bytes external = 7 bytes total
批量撤销触发的逻辑图如下所示:
后记
好了,synchronized的相关知识就到这里了,这个小系列的三篇,从使用场景,到锁类型的追踪、膨胀过程,再到批量重定向和批量撤销,都进行了说明。再延伸的话无非就是synchronized与volatile关键字的异同点比对之类的,没啥意思,大家百度一下即可。寒冷的冬天,还是要多加学习!
原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/zzq6032010/p/11967179.html