使用Python模块中的select模块实现web聊天室功能
select模块
Python中的select模块专注于I/O多路复用,提供了select poll epoll三个方法(其中后两个在Linux中可用,windows仅支持select),另外也提供了kqueue方法(freeBSD系统)
参数: 可接受四个参数(前三个必须)
rlist: wait until ready for reading
wlist: wait until ready for writing
xlist: wait for an “exceptional condition”
timeout: 超时时间
select方法:
每次调用slect都要将所有的fd拷贝到内核空间(每次都要拷贝),导致效率下降
每次调用slect都要将所有的fd拷贝到内核空间(每次都要拷贝),导致效率下降
监听的的实现是通过遍历所有的fd,(遍历消耗的时间消耗多)判断是否有数据访问
最大连接数(input中放的文件描述符数量1024)
pull方法:
最大连接数没有限制了,除此之外和select一样。使用较少
epull方法:
内部通过3个函数实现(select是其中一个)
第一个函数:
创建epoll句柄,把所有的fd拷贝到内核空间,只需要拷贝一次
第二个函数: 回调函数
某一个函数或者动作成功完成后,会自动触发一个函数为所有的fd绑定一个回调函数,一旦有数据访问,触发改回调函数,回调函数把fd放到链表中。(只要有活动,把fd放到链表中,动态监听)这样就提高了效率。例子:交试卷
第三个函数,判断链表是否为空
server端代码
#/usr/bin/env python #-*- coding:utf-8 -*- import socket import select # 封装 class SelectServer(object): # 定义主函数 def __init__(self, host, port, backlog): self.host = host self.port = port self.address = (host, port) self.backlog = backlog self.server = None self.socketList = list() def _initSocket(self): self.server = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM) self.server.bind(self.address) self.server.listen(self.backlog) self.socketList.append(self.server) print("chat room has start!") while 1: rlist, wlist, elist = select.select(self.socketList, [], []) for r in rlist: if r == self.server: serverConn, clienAddr = self.server.accept() self.socketList.append(serverConn) print("{0}进入了房间".format(clienAddr)) self.broadcast(r, "{0}进入了房间".format(clienAddr)) else: try: data = r.recv(2048) if data: print("{0}: {1}".format(clienAddr, data)) self.broadcast(r, "{0}: {1}".format(clienAddr, data)) except Exception as e: self.broadcast(r, "{0}下线".format(clienAddr)) print("{0}下线".format(clienAddr)) r.close() self.socketList.remove(r) self.server.close() # 定义广播函数 def broadcast(self, r, data): for i in self.socketList: if i != r and i != self.server: try: i.sendall(data) except: i.close() self.socketList.remove(i) # 定义main函数 def main(): selectServer = SelectServer(host="192.168.154.131", port=9999, backlog=5) selectServer._initSocket() if __name__ == '__main__': main()
client端代码
#/usr/bin/env python #-*- coding:utf-8 -*- import socket, select, string, sys import time # main function if __name__ == "__main__": host = "192.168.154.131" port = 9999 s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM) s.settimeout(2) try: s.connect((host, port)) except: print('Unable to connect') sys.exit() print('Connected to remote host. Start sending messages') while 1: rlist = [sys.stdin, s] read_list, write_list, error_list = select.select(rlist, [], []) for sock in read_list: if sock == s: data = sock.recv(2048) if not data: continue else: sys.stdout.write(data) else: msg = raw_input("我说: ") s.sendall(msg)
原文地址:http://blog.51cto.com/culiangmianbao/2058054