- 通过POI来进行单元格格式的设定
设定格式使用「HSSFCellStyle」类。它有一个构造方法:
protected HSSFCellStyle(short index, ExtendedFormatRecord rec)
虽然有构造方法,但却是protected的,所以不能直接使用,要通过一个工作簿workbook来生成格式对象。
在POI里,格式好像是以workbook为单位来管理的,所以要先作成一个格式对象,保存在workbook里,然后再对已生成好的单元格进行设定。
- 在单元格里指定格式
1,要作成一个格式对象,可以使用「HSSFWorkbook」类的「createCellStyle」方法。
public HSSFCellStyle createCellStyle()
2,要取出现有的格式对象的话,使用「HSSFWorkbook」类的「getCellStyleAt」方法,这个方法有参数,是被保存格式的INDEX号。
public HSSFCellStyle getCellStyleAt(short idx)
3,对于某一个单元格,也可以取出它的格式对象。这时要使用「HSSFCell」类的「getCellStyle」方法。
public HSSFCellStyle getCellStyle()
4,这样的话,不管是新创建的或者是从现有的单元格里取出来的格式对象,都可以用来对某一个单元格进行格式的设定。设定方法使用「HSSFCell」类的「setCellStyle」方法。
public void setCellStyle(HSSFCellStyle style)
package linkin; import java.io.FileOutputStream; import java.io.IOException; import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFCell; import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFCellStyle; import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFRow; import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFSheet; import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFWorkbook; import org.apache.poi.hssf.util.HSSFColor; public class Linkin { public static void main(String[] args) { HSSFWorkbook workbook = new HSSFWorkbook(); HSSFSheet sheet = workbook.createSheet(); HSSFRow row = sheet.createRow(1);//第二行 HSSFCell cell = row.createCell(0);//2,1格 cell.setCellValue("sample");//写入sample HSSFCellStyle style = workbook.createCellStyle();//创建个workbook的HSSFCellStyle格式对象style //设定格式 style.setFillBackgroundColor(HSSFColor.WHITE.index); style.setFillForegroundColor(HSSFColor.LIGHT_ORANGE.index); style.setFillPattern(HSSFCellStyle.THICK_HORZ_BANDS); cell.setCellStyle(style);//对2,1格写入上面的格式 FileOutputStream out = null; try { out = new FileOutputStream("sample.xls"); workbook.write(out); } catch (IOException e) { System.out.println(e.toString()); } finally { try { out.close(); } catch (IOException e) { System.out.println(e.toString()); } } } }
- POI单元格颜色设定
先从单元格顔色设定开始介绍。单元格的顔色有前景色和背景色。
1,前景色的设定使用「HSSFCellStyle」类的「setFillForegroundColor」方法。
public void setFillForegroundColor(short bg)
2,背景色的设定则使用「HSSFCellStyle」类的「setFillBackgroundColor」方法。
public void setFillBackgroundColor(short bg)
两个方法都是通过参数来设定具体什么顔色。该参数类型为short型,在「HSSFColor」类里,准备了各种各样顔色的定义值。
- HSSFColor类
HSSFColor类定义如下:public class HSSFColor extends java.lang.Object
而各种顔色又是作为HSSFColor类的子类,定义一览表如下:
HSSFColor.AQUA HSSFColor.BLACK
HSSFColor.BLUE
HSSFColor.BLUE_GREY
HSSFColor.BRIGHT_GREEN HSSFColor.BROWN
HSSFColor.CORAL HSSFColor.CORNFLOWER_BLUE
HSSFColor.DARK_BLUE HSSFColor.DARK_GREEN
HSSFColor.DARK_RED HSSFColor.DARK_TEAL
HSSFColor.DARK_YELLOW HSSFColor.GOLD
HSSFColor.GREEN HSSFColor.GREY_25_PERCENT
HSSFColor.GREY_40_PERCENT HSSFColor.GREY_50_PERCENT
HSSFColor.GREY_80_PERCENT HSSFColor.INDIGO
HSSFColor.LAVENDER HSSFColor.LEMON_CHIFFON
HSSFColor.LIGHT_BLUE HSSFColor.LIGHT_CORNFLOWER_BLUE
HSSFColor.LIGHT_GREEN HSSFColor.LIGHT_ORANGE
HSSFColor.LIGHT_TURQUOISE HSSFColor.LIGHT_YELLOW
HSSFColor.LIME HSSFColor.MAROON
HSSFColor.OLIVE_GREEN HSSFColor.ORANGE
HSSFColor.ORCHID HSSFColor.PALE_BLUE
HSSFColor.PINK HSSFColor.PLUM
HSSFColor.RED HSSFColor.ROSE
HSSFColor.ROYAL_BLUE HSSFColor.SEA_GREEN
HSSFColor.SKY_BLUE HSSFColor.TAN
HSSFColor.TEAL HSSFColor.TURQUOISE
HSSFColor.VIOLET HSSFColor.WHITE
HSSFColor.YELLOW
设定顔色时,用这些子类的静态常量「index」作为参数,使用方法如下:
HSSFWorkbook workbook = new HSSFWorkbook(); HSSFCellStyle style = workbook.createCellStyle(); style.setFillForegroundColor(HSSFColor.LIME.index); style.setFillBackgroundColor(HSSFColor.GREEN.index);
如果这些顔色还不够你用的话,那么下面介绍怎么设定自己想要的顔色。
- 填充模式
1,指定填充模式的话,使用「HSSFCellStyle」类的「setFillPattern」方法。
public void setFillPattern(short fp)
2,指定的填充模式,在「HSSFCellStyle」类里也有定义,类型为static short型,如下所示:
值 说明
NO_FILL No background
SOLID_FOREGROUND Solidly filled
FINE_DOTS Small fine dots
ALT_BARS Wide dots
SPARSE_DOTS Sparse dots
THICK_HORZ_BANDS Thick horizontal bands
THICK_VERT_BANDS Thick vertical bands
THICK_BACKWARD_DIAG Thick backward facing diagonals
THICK_FORWARD_DIAG Thick forward facing diagonals
BIG_SPOTS Large spots
BRICKS Brick-like layout
THIN_HORZ_BANDS Thin horizontal bands
THIN_VERT_BANDS Thin vertical bands
THIN_BACKWARD_DIAG Thin backward diagonal
THIN_FORWARD_DIAG Thin forward diagonal
SQUARES Squares
DIAMONDS Diamonds
- 实际的使用方法如下:
HSSFWorkbook workbook = new HSSFWorkbook(); HSSFCellStyle style = workbook.createCellStyle(); style.setFillForegroundColor(HSSFColor.LIME.index); style.setFillBackgroundColor(HSSFColor.GREEN.index); style.setFillPattern(HSSFCellStyle.SOLID_FOREGROUND);
package linkin; import java.io.FileOutputStream; import java.io.IOException; import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFCell; import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFCellStyle; import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFRow; import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFSheet; import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFWorkbook; import org.apache.poi.hssf.util.HSSFColor; public class Linkin { static HSSFWorkbook workbook; public static void main(String[] args) { workbook = new HSSFWorkbook(); HSSFSheet sheet = workbook.createSheet(); HSSFRow row[] = new HSSFRow[12]; for (int i = 0; i < 12; i++) { row[i] = sheet.createRow(i); } HSSFCell cell[][] = new HSSFCell[12][4]; for (int i = 0; i < 12; i++) { for (int j = 0; j < 4; j++) { cell[i][j] = row[i].createCell((short) j); } } setStyle(cell[0][0], "AQUA", HSSFColor.AQUA.index); setStyle(cell[0][1], "BLACK", HSSFColor.BLACK.index); setStyle(cell[0][2], "BLUE", HSSFColor.BLUE.index); setStyle(cell[0][3], "BLUE_GREY", HSSFColor.BLUE_GREY.index); setStyle(cell[1][0], "BRIGHT_GREEN", HSSFColor.BRIGHT_GREEN.index); setStyle(cell[1][1], "BROWN", HSSFColor.BROWN.index); setStyle(cell[1][2], "CORAL", HSSFColor.CORAL.index); setStyle(cell[1][3], "CORNFLOWER_BLUE", HSSFColor.CORNFLOWER_BLUE.index); setStyle(cell[2][0], "DARK_BLUE", HSSFColor.DARK_BLUE.index); setStyle(cell[2][1], "DARK_GREEN", HSSFColor.DARK_GREEN.index); setStyle(cell[2][2], "DARK_RED", HSSFColor.DARK_RED.index); setStyle(cell[2][3], "DARK_TEAL", HSSFColor.DARK_TEAL.index); setStyle(cell[3][0], "DARK_YELLOW", HSSFColor.DARK_YELLOW.index); setStyle(cell[3][1], "GOLD", HSSFColor.GOLD.index); setStyle(cell[3][2], "GREEN", HSSFColor.GREEN.index); setStyle(cell[3][3], "GREY_25_PERCENT", HSSFColor.GREY_25_PERCENT.index); setStyle(cell[4][0], "GREY_40_PERCENT", HSSFColor.GREY_40_PERCENT.index); setStyle(cell[4][1], "GREY_50_PERCENT", HSSFColor.GREY_50_PERCENT.index); setStyle(cell[4][2], "GREY_80_PERCENT", HSSFColor.GREY_80_PERCENT.index); setStyle(cell[4][3], "INDIGO", HSSFColor.INDIGO.index); setStyle(cell[5][0], "LAVENDER", HSSFColor.LAVENDER.index); setStyle(cell[5][1], "LEMON_CHIFFON", HSSFColor.LEMON_CHIFFON.index); setStyle(cell[5][2], "LIGHT_BLUE", HSSFColor.LIGHT_BLUE.index); setStyle(cell[5][3], "LIGHT_CORNFLOWER_BLUE", HSSFColor.LIGHT_CORNFLOWER_BLUE.index); setStyle(cell[6][0], "LIGHT_GREEN", HSSFColor.LIGHT_GREEN.index); setStyle(cell[6][1], "LIGHT_ORANGE", HSSFColor.LIGHT_ORANGE.index); setStyle(cell[6][2], "LIGHT_TURQUOISE", HSSFColor.LIGHT_TURQUOISE.index); setStyle(cell[6][3], "LIGHT_YELLOW", HSSFColor.LIGHT_YELLOW.index); setStyle(cell[7][0], "LIME", HSSFColor.LIME.index); setStyle(cell[7][1], "MAROON", HSSFColor.MAROON.index); setStyle(cell[7][2], "OLIVE_GREEN", HSSFColor.OLIVE_GREEN.index); setStyle(cell[7][3], "ORANGE", HSSFColor.ORANGE.index); setStyle(cell[8][0], "ORCHID", HSSFColor.ORCHID.index); setStyle(cell[8][1], "PALE_BLUE", HSSFColor.PALE_BLUE.index); setStyle(cell[8][2], "PINK", HSSFColor.PINK.index); setStyle(cell[8][3], "PLUM", HSSFColor.PLUM.index); setStyle(cell[9][0], "RED", HSSFColor.RED.index); setStyle(cell[9][1], "ROSE", HSSFColor.ROSE.index); setStyle(cell[9][2], "ROYAL_BLUE", HSSFColor.ROYAL_BLUE.index); setStyle(cell[9][3], "SEA_GREEN", HSSFColor.SEA_GREEN.index); setStyle(cell[10][0], "SKY_BLUE", HSSFColor.SKY_BLUE.index); setStyle(cell[10][1], "TAN", HSSFColor.TAN.index); setStyle(cell[10][2], "TEAL", HSSFColor.TEAL.index); setStyle(cell[10][3], "TURQUOISE", HSSFColor.TURQUOISE.index); setStyle(cell[11][0], "VIOLET", HSSFColor.VIOLET.index); setStyle(cell[11][1], "WHITE", HSSFColor.WHITE.index); setStyle(cell[11][2], "YELLOW", HSSFColor.YELLOW.index); FileOutputStream out = null; try { out = new FileOutputStream("sample.xls"); workbook.write(out); } catch (IOException e) { System.out.println(e.toString()); } finally { try { out.close(); } catch (IOException e) { System.out.println(e.toString()); } } } public static void setStyle(HSSFCell cell, String col, short fg) { HSSFCellStyle style = workbook.createCellStyle(); style.setFillForegroundColor(fg); style.setFillPattern(HSSFCellStyle.SOLID_FOREGROUND); cell.setCellStyle(style); cell.setCellValue(col); } }
上面程序只指定了「ForegroundColor」,填充模式是「SOLID_FOREGROUND」,因此顔色应该是全部充满整个单元格的
package linkin; import java.io.FileOutputStream; import java.io.IOException; import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFCell; import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFCellStyle; import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFRow; import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFSheet; import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFWorkbook; import org.apache.poi.hssf.util.HSSFColor; public class Linkin { static HSSFWorkbook workbook; public static void main(String[] args) { workbook = new HSSFWorkbook(); HSSFSheet sheet = workbook.createSheet(); HSSFRow row[] = new HSSFRow[5]; for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) { row[i] = sheet.createRow(i); } HSSFCell cell[][] = new HSSFCell[5][4]; for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) { for (int j = 0; j < 4; j++) { cell[i][j] = row[i].createCell((short) j); } } setStyle(cell[0][0], "NO_FILL", HSSFCellStyle.NO_FILL); setStyle(cell[0][1], "SOLID_FOREGROUND", HSSFCellStyle.SOLID_FOREGROUND); setStyle(cell[0][2], "FINE_DOTS", HSSFCellStyle.FINE_DOTS); setStyle(cell[0][3], "ALT_BARS", HSSFCellStyle.ALT_BARS); setStyle(cell[1][0], "SPARSE_DOTS", HSSFCellStyle.SPARSE_DOTS); setStyle(cell[1][1], "THICK_HORZ_BANDS", HSSFCellStyle.THICK_HORZ_BANDS); setStyle(cell[1][2], "THICK_VERT_BANDS", HSSFCellStyle.THICK_VERT_BANDS); setStyle(cell[1][3], "THICK_BACKWARD_DIAG", HSSFCellStyle.THICK_BACKWARD_DIAG); setStyle(cell[2][0], "THICK_FORWARD_DIAG", HSSFCellStyle.THICK_FORWARD_DIAG); setStyle(cell[2][1], "BIG_SPOTS", HSSFCellStyle.BIG_SPOTS); setStyle(cell[2][2], "BRICKS", HSSFCellStyle.BRICKS); setStyle(cell[2][3], "THIN_HORZ_BANDS", HSSFCellStyle.THIN_HORZ_BANDS); setStyle(cell[3][0], "THIN_VERT_BANDS", HSSFCellStyle.THIN_VERT_BANDS); setStyle(cell[3][1], "THIN_BACKWARD_DIAG", HSSFCellStyle.THIN_BACKWARD_DIAG); setStyle(cell[3][2], "THIN_FORWARD_DIAG", HSSFCellStyle.THIN_FORWARD_DIAG); setStyle(cell[3][3], "SQUARES", HSSFCellStyle.SQUARES); setStyle(cell[4][0], "DIAMONDS", HSSFCellStyle.DIAMONDS); FileOutputStream out = null; try { out = new FileOutputStream("sample.xls"); workbook.write(out); } catch (IOException e) { System.out.println(e.toString()); } finally { try { out.close(); } catch (IOException e) { System.out.println(e.toString()); } } } public static void setStyle(HSSFCell cell, String fps, short fp) { HSSFCellStyle style = workbook.createCellStyle(); style.setFillForegroundColor(HSSFColor.WHITE.index); style.setFillForegroundColor(HSSFColor.LIGHT_ORANGE.index); style.setFillPattern(fp); cell.setCellStyle(style); cell.setCellValue(fps); } }
上面固定了「ForegroundColor」和「BackgroundColor」,而填充模式则做了各种尝试
- POI设置边框
在做一个电子表格时,边框的设置有时是必不可少的。这一节就来介绍边框,设置时,可以指定边框的位置,边框的种类,边框的顔色。 首先是边框的位置和种类。对单元格设置边框时,有上下左右位置之分,所以POI也准备了四个不同的方法。
上部的边框: public void setBorderTop(short border)
下部的边框: public void setBorderBottom(short border)
左侧的边框: public void setBorderLeft(short border)
右侧的边框: public void setBorderRight(short border)
参数通过表示边框种类的short型值来指定。下面是定义在「HSSFCellStyle」类里可以被指定值的一览表。
值 说明
BORDER_DASH_DOT dash-dot border
BORDER_DASH_DOT_DOT dash-dot-dot border
BORDER_DASHED dash border
BORDER_DOTTED dot borderhair-line border
BORDER_DOUBLE double-line border
BORDER_HAIR hair-line border
BORDER_MEDIUM Medium border
BORDER_MEDIUM_DASH_DOT medium dash-dot border
BORDER_MEDIUM_DASH_DOT_DOT medium dash-dot-dot border
BORDER_MEDIUM_DASHED Medium dashed border
BORDER_NONE No border
BORDER_SLANTED_DASH_DOT slanted dash-dot border
BORDER_THICK Thick border
BORDER_THIN Thin border
比如要在单元格下边框设置两重线的边框时,按如下方法:
HSSFWorkbook workbook = new HSSFWorkbook(); HSSFCellStyle style = workbook.createCellStyle(); style.setBorderRight(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN);
下面再看看指定边框顔色。同样也分为上下左右边框来操作。
上部的边框: public void setTopBorderColor(short color)
下部的边框: public void setBottomBorderColor(short color)
左侧的边框: public void setLeftBorderColor(short color)
右侧的边框: public void setRightBorderColor(short color)
仍然是通过参数来指定顔色,而且使用方法和前面一节也是一样。具体如下:
HSSFWorkbook workbook = new HSSFWorkbook(); HSSFCellStyle style = workbook.createCellStyle(); style.setRightBorderColor(HSSFColor.RED.index); style.setBorderRight(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN);
package linkin; import java.io.FileOutputStream; import java.io.IOException; import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFCell; import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFCellStyle; import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFRow; import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFSheet; import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFWorkbook; import org.apache.poi.hssf.util.HSSFColor; public class Linkin { public static void main(String[] args) { HSSFWorkbook workbook = new HSSFWorkbook(); HSSFSheet sheet = workbook.createSheet(); HSSFRow row = sheet.createRow(1); HSSFCell cell1 = row.createCell((short) 1); HSSFCell cell2 = row.createCell((short) 2); HSSFCellStyle style1 = workbook.createCellStyle(); style1.setBorderTop(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_DOUBLE); style1.setBorderLeft(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_DOUBLE); style1.setTopBorderColor(HSSFColor.GOLD.index); style1.setLeftBorderColor(HSSFColor.PLUM.index); cell1.setCellStyle(style1); HSSFCellStyle style2 = workbook.createCellStyle(); style2.setBorderBottom(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_DOUBLE); style2.setBorderRight(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_DOUBLE); style2.setBottomBorderColor(HSSFColor.ORANGE.index); style2.setRightBorderColor(HSSFColor.SKY_BLUE.index); cell2.setCellStyle(style2); cell1.setCellValue("U & L"); cell2.setCellValue("B & R"); FileOutputStream out = null; try { out = new FileOutputStream("sample.xls"); workbook.write(out); } catch (IOException e) { System.out.println(e.toString()); } finally { try { out.close(); } catch (IOException e) { System.out.println(e.toString()); } } } }
上面程序既改了顔色,也设置了上和左的边框各一个,右和下的边框各一个。
package linkin; import java.io.FileOutputStream; import java.io.IOException; import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFCell; import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFCellStyle; import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFRow; import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFSheet; import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFWorkbook; import org.apache.poi.hssf.util.HSSFColor; public class Linkin { static HSSFWorkbook workbook; public static void main(String[] args) { workbook = new HSSFWorkbook(); HSSFSheet sheet = workbook.createSheet(); HSSFRow row[] = new HSSFRow[5]; for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) { row[i] = sheet.createRow(i); } HSSFCell cell[][] = new HSSFCell[5][3]; for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) { for (int j = 0; j < 3; j++) { cell[i][j] = row[i].createCell((short) j); } } setStyle(cell[0][0], "DASH_DOT", HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_DASH_DOT); setStyle(cell[0][1], "DASH_DOT_DOT", HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_DASH_DOT_DOT); setStyle(cell[0][2], "DASHED", HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_DASHED); setStyle(cell[1][0], "DOTTED", HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_DOTTED); setStyle(cell[1][1], "DOUBLE", HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_DOUBLE); setStyle(cell[1][2], "HAIR", HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_HAIR); setStyle(cell[2][0], "MEDIUM", HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_MEDIUM); setStyle(cell[2][1], "MEDIUM_DASH_DOT", HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_MEDIUM_DASH_DOT); setStyle(cell[2][2], "MEDIUM_DASH_DOT_DOT", HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_MEDIUM_DASH_DOT_DOT); setStyle(cell[3][0], "MEDIUM_DASHED", HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_MEDIUM_DASHED); setStyle(cell[3][1], "NONE", HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_NONE); setStyle(cell[3][2], "SLANTED_DASH_DOT", HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_SLANTED_DASH_DOT); setStyle(cell[4][0], "THICK", HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THICK); setStyle(cell[4][1], "THIN", HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN); FileOutputStream out = null; try { out = new FileOutputStream("sample.xls"); workbook.write(out); } catch (IOException e) { System.out.println(e.toString()); } finally { try { out.close(); } catch (IOException e) { System.out.println(e.toString()); } } } public static void setStyle(HSSFCell cell, String bn, short border) { HSSFCellStyle style = workbook.createCellStyle(); style.setBorderBottom(border); style.setBottomBorderColor(HSSFColor.ORANGE.index); cell.setCellStyle(style); cell.setCellValue(bn); } }