linux下的python管理工具

刚开始同步系统的接触python和linux，在昊妹妹的指引下学习了使用python管理工具，希望能够通过不断熟练来学习

1.记录之前先复习以下linux下常用目录

./  表示当前目录

~/ 表示home目录

文件夹or文件前加 . 表示隐藏文件夹or文件，ls命令无法查看隐藏文件，需要带参数-a

2.python管理包

python管理工具比较常见的有esay_install和pip，pip好像普遍认为好一点，所以我们用pip，网上找到一段比较两者的

pip was originally written to improve on easy_install in the following ways

• All packages are downloaded before installation. Partially-completed installation doesn’t occur as a result.
• Care is taken to present useful output on the console.
• The reasons for actions are kept track of. For instance, if a package is being installed, pip keeps track of why that package was required.
• Error messages should be useful.
• The code is relatively concise and cohesive, making it easier to use programmatically.
• Packages don’t have to be installed as egg archives, they can be installed flat (while keeping the egg metadata).
• Native support for other version control systems (Git, Mercurial and Bazaar)
• Uninstallation of packages.
• Simple to define fixed sets of requirements and reliably reproduce a set of packages.

sudo apt-get install python-pip  

安装好了pip则可以使用了，但是默认的pypi源在国内速度太慢，可以导入清华的pypi源，或者v2ex的源。然后修改or添加配置文件： ~/.pip/pip.conf

把内容变为：

[global]
index-url = http://pypi.v2ex.com/simple/
timeout = 6000

然后pip的常用命令

pip help
pip install [name]
pip install ‘[name[==version]]‘
pip install -U [name]
pip uninstall [name]
pip freeze
pip search [keyword]
pip show [name]

3. 建立python虚拟环境

virtualenv可以用于提供纯净的python环境，相互独立、没有依赖关系，这可以解决库的版本、依赖和权限的问题。需要删除应用时可以直接将该环境和应用的文件夹删除即可。virtualenv可以理解为python环境的虚拟机。详细介绍请猛戳这儿

virtualenv的安装很简单，直接使用pip安装即可：

pip install virtualenv

进入目录，并建立虚拟环境：

cd pythonenv
virtualenv pythonenv

激活虚拟环境：

cd pythonenv
sourve bin/activate
cd ..

好了，已经进入了pythonenv的虚拟环境了，应该还会有(pythonenv)的标识。

4.从github上下载python开源包