今日导读
如果让你在伸手不见五指的黑暗当中生存,你能熬过几天呢?而大千世界,无奇不有。在很多你不知道的角落,有些生物在完全黑暗的世界里不仅活得相当快活,还进化出了各种令人瞠目结舌的惊奇技能。
带着问题听讲解
Q1: 如何判断一根树枝是否健康?
Q2: 形容词“Stygian”的首字母为什么要大写?
Q3: 生活在黑暗之中的生物面临着怎样的威胁?
新闻正文
Meet the creatures that thrive in the dark
来见见在黑暗中茁壮成长的生物吧!
The pale-throated sloth, from the northern Amazon forests, has evolved in an unusual way to survive the dangers of swinging through trees in total darkness. The nocturnal bear-like creature has developed a sense of smell so sensitive it can tell whether branches nearby are emitting whiffs of sap or not.
这只白喉三趾树懒,来自北亚马逊森林,它以不同寻常的方式完成了进化,从而能躲过在彻底黑暗当中穿梭树林的危险,并得以生存下来。这种夜间出没,像熊一样的生物还进化出了一种十分敏锐的嗅觉,这种嗅觉敏锐到能够分辨附近的树枝是否正在分泌汁液。
注: pale:苍白的;无力的。throat:咽喉。swing:秋千;摇摆,摆动。nocturnal:夜的,夜间的。emit:发出,发射。
“That allows them to swing only on to branches that are healthy,” said Professor Geoff Boxshall of the Natural History Museum in London. “They can avoid grabbing one that is sapless and dead, which might break, causing them to fall out of a tree and injure themselves.”
“那种嗅觉能够让它们只在健康的树枝上活动,”伦敦自然历史博物馆的教授杰夫·博克斯表示,“(利用灵敏的嗅觉,)它们能够避免抓到枯萎坏死的树枝,这些树枝很有可能折断,它们就会从树上摔下来伤到自己。”
Another remarkable creature of the night is the blind aquatic salamander Proteus anguinus–or olm. These animals spend their lives in total darkness in caves in central and south-eastern Europe. They grow up to 30cm long, can live for up to a century and have no vision – instead they have evolved a technique for detecting the bioelectric fields of their main prey, cave shrimps, so they can hunt in total darkness.
另外还有一种夜晚出没的奇异生物,那就是水栖盲螈——或称洞螈。这些动物生活在欧洲中部或东南部的洞穴里,在彻头彻尾的黑暗中度过它们的一生。它们身长可达 30 厘米,能够活到一个世纪并且没有视力——相反,它们已经进化出了一种技术来探测它们的主要猎物——洞穴虾的生物电场,如此,它们就可以在完全的黑暗中捕猎。
注:aquatic:水生的;水产的;水上的。vision:视力,视觉;美景。shrimp:虾,捕虾。
“Our own senses are utterly dominated by information from our eyes, but countless other creatures can happily survive without this input. Their approach to lack of light gives us a new way to explore nature.”
“我们(人类)自己的感官完全被我们眼睛提供的信息支配,但是还有数不胜数的其他生物就算不靠眼睛提供的信息,也能够快活地生存下来。它们适应无光环境的方法为我们探索大自然提供了一条新的途径。”
However, the Stygian world that shelters these creatures is under threat. As humanity spreads, we carry light pollution with us. For example, the nocturnal boat-billed heron of Peru and Brazil will not eat in the presence of any light source, and this is a growing problem as urbanisation spreads. “Life in the dark is a delicate business,” Boxshall concludes. “We should not take it for granted.”
然而,这个为这些生物提供庇护的黑暗世界正面临着威胁。随着人类活动范围扩大,光污染也伴随着人类的脚步而蔓延。例如,在秘鲁和巴西,夜晚出没的船嘴鹭不会在任何有光源存在的情况下进食,随着城市化规模的扩大,这成为了一个日益严重的问题。“在黑暗中生活是一件很微妙的事情,” 博克斯总结道,“我们不应该觉得这是理所当然(动词)的事。”
注:bill:账单。urbanise:城市化的(adj)。urbanisation:城市化(n)。delicate:微妙的;熟练的;纤弱的;易损的。grant:授予;承认;同意,拨款,补助金。
————— 文章来源 / 卫报 ?
重点词汇
thrive /θra?v/ v. 欣欣向荣;茁壮成长 e.g. New businesses thrive in this area.
sloth /slo?θ/ n. 树懒(南美洲热带动物,行动缓慢)
nocturnal /nɑ?k?t??rnl/ adj. 夜间活动的
whiff /w?f/ n. 一阵;一股(气味) e.g. catch a whiff of perfume:闻到一股香水味
sap /s?p/ n. (植物体内运送养分的)汁液 sapless:枯萎的;无价值的;无精神的;没趣味的。
salamander /?s?l?m?nd?r/ n. 蝾螈(两栖动物,形似蜥蜴)
olm n. 洞螈
bioelectric /?ba?o?-??lektr?k/ adj. 生物电的
prey /pre?/不可数名词 n. 猎物 e.g. The lion often stalks its prey for hours. stalk:追踪,偷偷接近。
utterly /??t?rli/ adv. 全然;完全地;彻底地
Stygian /?st?d?i?n/ adj. 黑黢黢的;阴森的
urbanisation /???rb?n??ze??n/ n. 城市化
Proteus anguinus 洞螈(亦称盲螈)
boat-billed heron 船嘴鹭(热带美洲地区的一种涉水禽鸟)
原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/tianqizhi/p/9350866.html