HttpWebRequest和HttpWebResponse类是用于发送和接收HTTP数据的最好选择。它们支持一系列有用的属性。这两个类位 于System.Net命名空间，默认情况下这个类对于控制台程序来说是可访问的。请注意，HttpWebRequest对象不是利用new关键字通过构 造函数来创建的，而是利用工厂机制（factory mechanism）通过Create()方法来创建的。另外，你可能预计需要显式地调用一个“Send”方法，实际上不需要。接下来调用 HttpWebRequest.GetResponse()方法返回的是一个HttpWebResponse对象。你可以把HTTP响应的数据流 （stream）绑定到一个StreamReader对象，然后就可以通过ReadToEnd()方法把整个HTTP响应作为一个字符串取回。也可以通过 StreamReader.ReadLine()方法逐行取回HTTP响应的内容。
这种技术展示了如何限制请求重定向（request redirections）的次数， 并且设置了一个超时限制。下面是HttpWebRequest的一些属性，这些属性对于轻量级的自动化测试程序是非常重要的。
l AllowAutoRedirect：获取或设置一个值，该值指示请求是否应跟随重定向响应。
l CookieContainer：获取或设置与此请求关联的cookie。
l Credentials：获取或设置请求的身份验证信息。
l KeepAlive：获取或设置一个值，该值指示是否与 Internet 资源建立持久性连接。
l MaximumAutomaticRedirections：获取或设置请求将跟随的重定向的最大数目。
l Proxy：获取或设置请求的代理信息。
l SendChunked：获取或设置一个值，该值指示是否将数据分段发送到 Internet 资源。
l Timeout：获取或设置请求的超时值。
l UserAgent：获取或设置 User-agent HTTP 标头的值
C# HttpWebRequest提交数据方式其实就是GET和POST两种，那么具体的实现以及操作注意事项是什么呢？那么本文就向你详细介绍C# HttpWebRequest提交数据方式的这两种利器。
C# HttpWebRequest提交数据方式学习之前我们先来看看什么是HttpWebRequest，它是 .net 基类库中的一个类，在命名空间 System.Net 下面，用来使用户通过HTTP协议和服务器交互。
C# HttpWebRequest的作用：
HttpWebRequest对HTTP协议进行了完整的封装，对HTTP协议中的 Header, Content, Cookie 都做了属性和方法的支持，很容易就能编写出一个模拟浏览器自动登录的程序。
C# HttpWebRequest提交数据方式：
程序使用HTTP协议和服务器交互主要是进行数据的提交，通常数据的提交是通过 GET 和 POST 两种方式来完成，下面对这两种方式进行一下说明：
C# HttpWebRequest提交数据方式1. GET 方式。
GET 方式通过在网络地址附加参数来完成数据的提交，比如在地址 http://www.google.com/webhp?hl=zh-CN 中，前面部分 http://www.google.com/webhp 表示数据提交的网址，后面部分 hl=zh-CN 表示附加的参数，其中 hl 表示一个键(key)， zh-CN 表示这个键对应的值(value)。程序代码如下：
HttpWebRequest req =
(HttpWebRequest) HttpWebRequest.Create(
"http://www.google.com/webhp?hl=zh-CN" );
req.Method = "GET";
using (WebResponse wr = req.GetResponse())
{
//在这里对接收到的页面内容进行处理
}
C# HttpWebRequest提交数据方式2. POST 方式。
POST 方式通过在页面内容中填写参数的方法来完成数据的提交，参数的格式和 GET 方式一样，是类似于 hl=zh-CN&newwindow=1 这样的结构。程序代码如下：
string param = "hl=zh-CN&newwindow=1"; //参数
byte[] bs = Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(param); //参数转化为ascii码
HttpWebRequest req = (HttpWebRequest) HttpWebRequest.Create( "http://www.google.com/intl/zh-CN/" ); //创建request
req.Method = "POST"; //确定传值的方式，此处为post方式传值
req.ContentType = "application/x-www-form-urlencoded";
req.ContentLength = bs.Length;
using (Stream reqStream = req.GetRequestStream())
{
reqStream.Write(bs, 0, bs.Length);
}
using (WebResponse wr = req.GetResponse())
{
//在这里对接收到的页面内容进行处理
}
在上面的代码中，我们访问了 www.google.com 的网址，分别以 GET 和 POST 方式提交了数据，并接收了返回的页面内容。然而，如果提交的参数中含有中文，那么这样的处理是不够的，需要对其进行编码，让对方网站能够识别。
C# HttpWebRequest提交数据方式3. 使用 GET 方式提交中文数据。
GET 方式通过在网络地址中附加参数来完成数据提交，对于中文的编码，常用的有 gb2312 和 utf8 两种，用 gb2312 方式编码访问的程序代码如下：
Encoding myEncoding = Encoding.GetEncoding("gb2312"); //确定用哪种中文编码方式
string address = "http://www.baidu.com/s?" + HttpUtility.UrlEncode("参数一", myEncoding) + "=" + HttpUtility.UrlEncode("值一", myEncoding); //拼接数据提交的网址和经过中文编码后的中文参数
HttpWebRequest req = (HttpWebRequest)HttpWebRequest.Create(address); //创建request
req.Method = "GET"; //确定传值方式，此处为get方式
using (WebResponse wr = req.GetResponse())
{
//在这里对接收到的页面内容进行处理
}
在上面的程序代码中，我们以 GET 方式访问了网址 http://www.baidu.com/s ，传递了参数“参数一=值一”，由于无法告知对方提交数据的编码类型，所以编码方式要以对方的网站为标准。常见的网站中， www.baidu.com （百度）的编码方式是 gb2312, www.google.com （谷歌）的编码方式是 utf8。
C# HttpWebRequest提交数据方式4. 使用 POST 方式提交中文数据。
POST 方式通过在页面内容中填写参数的方法来完成数据的提交，由于提交的参数中可以说明使用的编码方式，所以理论上能获得更大的兼容性。用 gb2312 方式编码访问的程序代码如下：
Encoding myEncoding = Encoding.GetEncoding("gb2312"); //确定中文编码方式。此处用gb2312
string param = HttpUtility.UrlEncode("参数一", myEncoding) + "=" + HttpUtility.UrlEncode("值一", myEncoding) + "&" + HttpUtility.UrlEncode("参数二", myEncoding) + "=" + HttpUtility.UrlEncode("值二", myEncoding);
byte[] postBytes = Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(param); //将参数转化为assic码
HttpWebRequest req = (HttpWebRequest) HttpWebRequest.Create( "http://www.baidu.com/s" );
req.Method = "POST";
req.ContentType = "application/x-www-form-urlencoded;charset=gb2312";
req.ContentLength = postBytes.Length;
using (Stream reqStream = req.GetRequestStream())
{
reqStream.Write(bs, 0, bs.Length);
}
using (WebResponse wr = req.GetResponse())
{
//在这里对接收到的页面内容进行处理
}
从上面的代码可以看出， POST 中文数据的时候，先使用 UrlEncode 方法将中文字符转换为编码后的 ASCII 码，然后提交到服务器，提交的时候可以说明编码的方式，用来使对方服务器能够正确的解析。
以上列出了客户端程序使用HTTP协议与服务器交互的情况，常用的是 GET 和 POST 方式。现在流行的 WebService 也是通过 HTTP 协议来交互的，使用的是 POST 方法。与以上稍有所不同的是， WebService 提交的数据内容和接收到的数据内容都是使用了 XML 方式编码。所以， HttpWebRequest 也可以使用在调用 WebService 的情况下。
C# HttpWebRequest提交数据方式的基本内容就向你介绍到这里，希望对你了解和学习C# HttpWebRequest提交数据方式有所帮助。
#region 公共方法
/// <summary>
/// Get数据接口
/// </summary>
/// <param name="getUrl">接口地址</param>
/// <returns></returns>
private static string GetWebRequest(string getUrl)
{
string responseContent = "";
HttpWebRequest request = (HttpWebRequest)WebRequest.Create(getUrl);
request.ContentType = "application/json";
request.Method = "GET";
HttpWebResponse response = (HttpWebResponse)request.GetResponse();
//在这里对接收到的页面内容进行处理
using (Stream resStream = response.GetResponseStream())
{
using (StreamReader reader = new StreamReader(resStream, Encoding.UTF8))
{
responseContent = reader.ReadToEnd().ToString();
}
}
return responseContent;
}
/// <summary>
/// Post数据接口
/// </summary>
/// <param name="postUrl">接口地址</param>
/// <param name="paramData">提交json数据</param>
/// <param name="dataEncode">编码方式(Encoding.UTF8)</param>
/// <returns></returns>
private static string PostWebRequest(string postUrl, string paramData, Encoding dataEncode)
{
string responseContent = string.Empty;
try
{
byte[] byteArray = dataEncode.GetBytes(paramData); //转化
HttpWebRequest webReq = (HttpWebRequest)WebRequest.Create(new Uri(postUrl));
webReq.Method = "POST";
webReq.ContentType = "application/x-www-form-urlencoded";
webReq.ContentLength = byteArray.Length;
using (Stream reqStream = webReq.GetRequestStream())
{
reqStream.Write(byteArray, 0, byteArray.Length);//写入参数
//reqStream.Close();
}
using (HttpWebResponse response = (HttpWebResponse)webReq.GetResponse())
{
//在这里对接收到的页面内容进行处理
using (StreamReader sr = new StreamReader(response.GetResponseStream(), Encoding.Default))
{
responseContent = sr.ReadToEnd().ToString();
}
}
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
return ex.Message;
}
return responseContent;
}
#endregion
post get
C#通过WebClient/HttpWebRequest实现http的post/get方法
1.POST方法(httpWebRequest)
//body是要传递的参数,格式"roleId=1&uid=2"
//post的cotentType填写:"application/x-www-form-urlencoded"
//soap填写:"text/xml; charset=utf-8"
public static string PostHttp(string url, string body, string contentType)
{
HttpWebRequest httpWebRequest = (HttpWebRequest)WebRequest.Create(url);
httpWebRequest.ContentType = contentType;
httpWebRequest.Method = "POST";
httpWebRequest.Timeout = 20000;
byte[] btBodys = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(body);
httpWebRequest.ContentLength = btBodys.Length;
httpWebRequest.GetRequestStream().Write(btBodys, 0, btBodys.Length);
HttpWebResponse httpWebResponse = (HttpWebResponse)httpWebRequest.GetResponse();
StreamReader streamReader = new StreamReader(httpWebResponse.GetResponseStream());
string responseContent = streamReader.ReadToEnd();
httpWebResponse.Close();
streamReader.Close();
httpWebRequest.Abort();
httpWebResponse.Close();
return responseContent;
}
POST方法(httpWebRequest)
POST方法(httpWebRequest)
2.POST方法(WebClient)
/// <summary>
/// 通过WebClient类Post数据到远程地址，需要Basic认证；
/// 调用端自己处理异常
/// </summary>
/// <param name="uri"></param>
/// <param name="paramStr">name=张三&age=20</param>
/// <param name="encoding">请先确认目标网页的编码方式</param>
/// <param name="username"></param>
/// <param name="password"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public static string Request_WebClient(string uri, string paramStr, Encoding encoding, string username, string password)
{
if (encoding == null)
encoding = Encoding.UTF8;
string result = string.Empty;
WebClient wc = new WebClient();
// 采取POST方式必须加的Header
wc.Headers.Add("Content-Type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded");
byte[] postData = encoding.GetBytes(paramStr);
if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(username) && !string.IsNullOrEmpty(password))
{
wc.Credentials = GetCredentialCache(uri, username, password);
wc.Headers.Add("Authorization", GetAuthorization(username, password));
}
byte[] responseData = wc.UploadData(uri, "POST", postData); // 得到返回字符流
return encoding.GetString(responseData);// 解码
}
POST方法(WebClient)
POST方法(WebClient)
3.Get方法(httpWebRequest)
public static string GetHttp(string url, HttpContext httpContext)
{
string queryString = "?";
foreach (string key in httpContext.Request.QueryString.AllKeys)
{
queryString += key + "=" + httpContext.Request.QueryString[key] + "&";
}
queryString = queryString.Substring(0, queryString.Length - 1);
HttpWebRequest httpWebRequest = (HttpWebRequest)WebRequest.Create(url + queryString);
httpWebRequest.ContentType = "application/json";
httpWebRequest.Method = "GET";
httpWebRequest.Timeout = 20000;
//byte[] btBodys = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(body);
//httpWebRequest.ContentLength = btBodys.Length;
//httpWebRequest.GetRequestStream().Write(btBodys, 0, btBodys.Length);
HttpWebResponse httpWebResponse = (HttpWebResponse)httpWebRequest.GetResponse();
StreamReader streamReader = new StreamReader(httpWebResponse.GetResponseStream());
string responseContent = streamReader.ReadToEnd();
httpWebResponse.Close();
streamReader.Close();
return responseContent;
}
Get方法(HttpWebRequest)
Get方法(httpWebRequest)
4.basic验证的WebRequest/WebResponse
/// <summary>
/// 通过 WebRequest/WebResponse 类访问远程地址并返回结果，需要Basic认证；
/// 调用端自己处理异常
/// </summary>
/// <param name="uri"></param>
/// <param name="timeout">访问超时时间，单位毫秒；如果不设置超时时间，传入0</param>
/// <param name="encoding">如果不知道具体的编码，传入null</param>
/// <param name="username"></param>
/// <param name="password"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public static string Request_WebRequest(string uri, int timeout, Encoding encoding, string username, string password)
{
string result = string.Empty;
WebRequest request = WebRequest.Create(new Uri(uri));
if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(username) && !string.IsNullOrEmpty(password))
{
request.Credentials = GetCredentialCache(uri, username, password);
request.Headers.Add("Authorization", GetAuthorization(username, password));
}
if (timeout > 0)
request.Timeout = timeout;
WebResponse response = request.GetResponse();
Stream stream = response.GetResponseStream();
StreamReader sr = encoding == null ? new StreamReader(stream) : new StreamReader(stream, encoding);
result = sr.ReadToEnd();
sr.Close();
stream.Close();
return result;
}
#region # 生成 Http Basic 访问凭证 #
private static CredentialCache GetCredentialCache(string uri, string username, string password)
{
string authorization = string.Format("{0}:{1}", username, password);
CredentialCache credCache = new CredentialCache();
credCache.Add(new Uri(uri), "Basic", new NetworkCredential(username, password));
return credCache;
}
private static string GetAuthorization(string username, string password)
{
string authorization = string.Format("{0}:{1}", username, password);
return "Basic " + Convert.ToBase64String(new ASCIIEncoding().GetBytes(authorization));
}
#endregion
basic验证的WebRequest/WebResponse
basic验证的WebRequest/WebResponse
C#语言写的关于HttpWebRequest 类的使用方法
http://www.jb51.net/article/57156.htm
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.IO;
using System.Net;
using System.Text;
namespace HttpWeb
{
/// <summary>
/// Http操作类
/// </summary>
public static class httptest
{
/// <summary>
/// 获取网址HTML
/// </summary>
/// <param name="URL">网址 </param>
/// <returns> </returns>
public static string GetHtml(string URL)
{
WebRequest wrt;
wrt = WebRequest.Create(URL);
wrt.Credentials = CredentialCache.DefaultCredentials;
WebResponse wrp;
wrp = wrt.GetResponse();
string reader = new StreamReader(wrp.GetResponseStream(), Encoding.GetEncoding("gb2312")).ReadToEnd();
try
{
wrt.GetResponse().Close();
}
catch (WebException ex)
{
throw ex;
}
return reader;
}
/// <summary>
/// 获取网站cookie
/// </summary>
/// <param name="URL">网址 </param>
/// <param name="cookie">cookie </param>
/// <returns> </returns>
public static string GetHtml(string URL, out string cookie)
{
WebRequest wrt;
wrt = WebRequest.Create(URL);
wrt.Credentials = CredentialCache.DefaultCredentials;
WebResponse wrp;
wrp = wrt.GetResponse();
string html = new StreamReader(wrp.GetResponseStream(), Encoding.GetEncoding("gb2312")).ReadToEnd();
try
{
wrt.GetResponse().Close();
}
catch (WebException ex)
{
throw ex;
}
cookie = wrp.Headers.Get("Set-Cookie");
return html;
}
public static string GetHtml(string URL, string postData, string cookie, out string header, string server)
{
return GetHtml(server, URL, postData, cookie, out header);
}
public static string GetHtml(string server, string URL, string postData, string cookie, out string header)
{
byte[] byteRequest = Encoding.GetEncoding("gb2312").GetBytes(postData);
return GetHtml(server, URL, byteRequest, cookie, out header);
}
public static string GetHtml(string server, string URL, byte[] byteRequest, string cookie, out string header)
{
byte[] bytes = GetHtmlByBytes(server, URL, byteRequest, cookie, out header);
Stream getStream = new MemoryStream(bytes);
StreamReader streamReader = new StreamReader(getStream, Encoding.GetEncoding("gb2312"));
string getString = streamReader.ReadToEnd();
streamReader.Close();
getStream.Close();
return getString;
}
/// <summary>
/// Post模式浏览
/// </summary>
/// <param name="server">服务器地址 </param>
/// <param name="URL">网址 </param>
/// <param name="byteRequest">流 </param>
/// <param name="cookie">cookie </param>
/// <param name="header">句柄 </param>
/// <returns> </returns>
public static byte[] GetHtmlByBytes(string server, string URL, byte[] byteRequest, string cookie, out string header)
{
long contentLength;
HttpWebRequest httpWebRequest;
HttpWebResponse webResponse;
Stream getStream;
httpWebRequest = (HttpWebRequest)HttpWebRequest.Create(URL);
CookieContainer co = new CookieContainer();
co.SetCookies(new Uri(server), cookie);
httpWebRequest.CookieContainer = co;
httpWebRequest.ContentType = "application/x-www-form-urlencoded";
httpWebRequest.Accept =
"image/gif, image/x-xbitmap, image/jpeg, image/pjpeg, application/x-shockwave-flash, application/vnd.ms-excel, application/vnd.ms-powerpoint, application/msword, */*";
httpWebRequest.Referer = server;
httpWebRequest.UserAgent =
"Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1; SV1; Maxthon; .NET CLR 1.1.4322)";
httpWebRequest.Method = "Post";
httpWebRequest.ContentLength = byteRequest.Length;
Stream stream;
stream = httpWebRequest.GetRequestStream();
stream.Write(byteRequest, 0, byteRequest.Length);
stream.Close();
webResponse = (HttpWebResponse)httpWebRequest.GetResponse();
header = webResponse.Headers.ToString();
getStream = webResponse.GetResponseStream();
contentLength = webResponse.ContentLength;
byte[] outBytes = new byte[contentLength];
outBytes = ReadFully(getStream);
getStream.Close();
return outBytes;
}
public static byte[] ReadFully(Stream stream)
{
byte[] buffer = new byte[128];
using (MemoryStream ms = new MemoryStream())
{
while (true)
{
int read = stream.Read(buffer, 0, buffer.Length);
if (read <= 0)
return ms.ToArray();
ms.Write(buffer, 0, read);
}
}
}
/// <summary>
/// Get模式
/// </summary>
/// <param name="URL">网址 </param>
/// <param name="cookie">cookies </param>
/// <param name="header">句柄 </param>
/// <param name="server">服务器 </param>
/// <param name="val">服务器 </param>
/// <returns> </returns>
public static string GetHtml(string URL, string cookie, out string header, string server)
{
return GetHtml(URL, cookie, out header, server, "");
}
/// <summary>
/// Get模式浏览
/// </summary>
/// <param name="URL">Get网址 </param>
/// <param name="cookie">cookie </param>
/// <param name="header">句柄 </param>
/// <param name="server">服务器地址 </param>
/// <param name="val"> </param>
/// <returns> </returns>
public static string GetHtml(string URL, string cookie, out string header, string server, string val)
{
HttpWebRequest httpWebRequest;
HttpWebResponse webResponse;
Stream getStream;
StreamReader streamReader;
string getString = "";
httpWebRequest = (HttpWebRequest)HttpWebRequest.Create(URL);
httpWebRequest.Accept = "*/*";
httpWebRequest.Referer = server;
CookieContainer co = new CookieContainer();
co.SetCookies(new Uri(server), cookie);
httpWebRequest.CookieContainer = co;
httpWebRequest.UserAgent =
"Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1; SV1; Maxthon; .NET CLR 1.1.4322)";
httpWebRequest.Method = "GET";
webResponse = (HttpWebResponse)httpWebRequest.GetResponse();
header = webResponse.Headers.ToString();
getStream = webResponse.GetResponseStream();
streamReader = new StreamReader(getStream, Encoding.GetEncoding("gb2312"));
getString = streamReader.ReadToEnd();
streamReader.Close();
getStream.Close();
return getString;
}
}
}