一.前言
为了保证用户不受到骚扰，在开发者出现需要主动提醒、通知用户时，才允许开发者在公众平台网站中模板消息库中选择模板，选择后获得模板ID，再根据模板ID向用户主动推送提醒、通知消息。这个意思也就是，我们作为微信商户，不能主动的给用户推送消息，如果这个功能完全开放，那么用户有可能会受到大量的垃圾信息，为了做一个很好的控制，微信那边给我们开放了一个模板消息，通过模板消息我们可以友好的给用户发送一些相关的消息提醒。
二.开发前的准备
2.0查看我们的模板消息是否申请成功。申请成功后你可以看到如下图片：
三.开始编码
一般我们在客户支付成功订单以后，会有一个支付的跳转页面，在我们前面的代码中也有相应的页面，代码如下：
<script type="text/javascript">
//调用微信JS api 支付
function jsApiCall()
{
WeixinJSBridge.invoke(
‘getBrandWCPayRequest‘,
<%=wxJsApiParam%>,//josn串
function (res)
{
if (res.err_msg == "get_brand_wcpay_request:ok")
{
var OrderId=$("#OrderId").val();
var orderProductName=$("#orderProductName").val();
var orderMoneySum=$("#orderMoneySum").val();
window.location.href="http://www.baidu.com/PaySkip.aspx?OrderId="+OrderId+"&orderMoneySum="+orderMoneySum+"&orderProductName="+orderProductName;//支付成功后的跳转页面
}else
{
WeixinJSBridge.call(‘closeWindow‘);
}
}
);
}
function callpay()
{
if (typeof WeixinJSBridge == "undefined")
{
if (document.addEventListener)
{
document.addEventListener(‘WeixinJSBridgeReady‘, jsApiCall, false);
}
else if (document.attachEvent)
{
document.attachEvent(‘WeixinJSBridgeReady‘, jsApiCall);
document.attachEvent(‘onWeixinJSBridgeReady‘, jsApiCall);
}
}
else
{
jsApiCall();
}
}
</script>
在上一篇，微信支付成功后，我们有这样一个支付跳转页面，在这个支付跳转页面里，我们可以写一些我们自己的业务逻辑，比如我们今天的主角，模板消息提醒：直接上代码
#region 发送支付成功的消息
ErrorMessage errorMessage;
string username = System.Configuration.ConfigurationManager.AppSettings["weixinid"].ToString();
string templateId = System.Configuration.ConfigurationManager.AppSettings["templateId"].ToString();
string first = "您已成功付费，欢迎下次光临。";
string orderMoneySum = Request["orderMoneySum"] ?? "0";
string orderProductName = Request["orderProductName"] ?? "有位停车付费系统测试";
string Remark = "如有问题请致电400-6238-136或直接在微信留言，我们将第一时间为您服务！";
Color color = Color.Red;
Tuple<string, string, Color>[] data = new Tuple<string, string, Color>[]{
new Tuple<string,string,Color>("first",first,Color.Blue),
new Tuple<string,string,Color>("orderMoneySum",orderMoneySum,Color.Red),
new Tuple<string,string,Color>("orderProductName",orderProductName,Color.Orange),
new Tuple<string,string,Color>("Remark",Remark,Color.Green)
};
long msgId = TemplateMessage.Send(username, openId, templateId, "", color, data, out errorMessage);
if (errorMessage.IsSuccess)
{
Response.Write("errorMessage " + errorMessage.errmsg + "<br/>");
}
else
{
Response.Write("errorMessage.errmsg: " + errorMessage.errmsg + "<br/>");
}
#endregion
从上面的代码中我们可以看到TemplateMessage.Send()这个方法是我们发送消息的关键，我们来看看这个方法是怎样的:
#region 发送模板消息
/// <summary>
/// 发送模板消息
/// </summary>
/// <param name="userName">公众号</param>
/// <param name="touser">接收消息的账号</param>
/// <param name="templateId">模板id</param>
/// <param name="detailUrl">详情地址</param>
/// <param name="topColor">顶端颜色</param>
/// <param name="data">数据</param>
/// <param name="errorMessage">返回发送是否成功</param>
/// <returns>返回消息id；如果发送失败，返回-1。</returns>
public static long Send(string userName, string touser, string templateId, string detailUrl, Color topColor,
Tuple<string, string, Color>[] data, out ErrorMessage errorMessage)
{
errorMessage = new ErrorMessage(ErrorMessage.ExceptionCode, "");
long id = -1;
//校验参数
if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(touser))
{
errorMessage.errmsg = "接收消息的账号不能为空。";
return id;
}
if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(templateId))
{
errorMessage.errmsg = "模板id不能为空。";
return id;
}
if (data == null || data.Length == 0)
{
errorMessage.errmsg = "模板数据不能为空。";
return id;
}
foreach (Tuple<string, string, Color> item in data)
{
if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(item.Item1) || string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(item.Item2))
{
errorMessage.errmsg = "模板数据不能为空。";
return id;
}
}
//获取许可令牌
AccessToken token = AccessToken.Get(userName);
if (token == null)
{
errorMessage.errmsg = "获取许可令牌失败。";
return id;
}
string url = string.Format(urlForSending, token.access_token);
//生成待发送的数据
dynamic postData = new ExpandoObject();
postData.touser = touser;
postData.template_id = templateId;
postData.url = detailUrl ?? string.Empty;
postData.topcolor = Utility.GetColorString(topColor);
postData.data = new ExpandoObject();
IDictionary<string, object> dataDict = (IDictionary<string, object>)postData.data;
foreach (Tuple<string, string, Color> item in data)
{
dataDict.Add(item.Item1, new { value = item.Item2, color = Utility.GetColorString(item.Item3) });
}
string json = JsonConvert.SerializeObject(postData);
//发送数据
string responseContent;
if (!HttpHelper.Request(url, out responseContent, httpMethod, json))
{
errorMessage.errmsg = "提交数据到微信服务器失败。";
return id;
}
//解析结果
JObject jo = JObject.Parse(responseContent);
JToken jt;
if (jo.TryGetValue("errcode", out jt) && jo.TryGetValue("errmsg", out jt))
{
errorMessage.errcode = (int)jo["errcode"];
errorMessage.errmsg = (string)jo["errmsg"];
if (jo.TryGetValue("msgid", out jt))
id = (long)jt;
}
else
errorMessage.errmsg = "解析返回结果失败。";
return id;
}
#endregion
AccessToken token = AccessToken.Get(userName);获取许可令牌上一篇文章中我们已经说过这个类，这里就不多说了，HttpHelper帮助类的代码如下:
/// <summary>
/// HttpHelper：http请求与响应辅助类
/// </summary>
public static class HttpHelper
{
/// <summary>
/// 向微信服务器发送请求时的编码
/// </summary>
public static readonly Encoding RequestEncoding = Encoding.UTF8;
/// <summary>
/// 微信服务器响应的编码
/// </summary>
public static readonly Encoding ResponseEncoding = Encoding.UTF8;
/// <summary>
/// 向微信服务器提交数据，并获取微信服务器响应的数据
/// </summary>
/// <param name="url">服务器地址</param>
/// <param name="responseData">返回响应数据</param>
/// /// <param name="httpMethod">http方法</param>
/// <param name="data">数据</param>
/// <returns>返回是否提交成功</returns>
public static bool Request(string url, out byte[] responseData,
string httpMethod = WebRequestMethods.Http.Get, byte[] data = null)
{
bool success = false;
responseData = null;
Stream requestStream = null;
HttpWebResponse response = null;
Stream responseStream = null;
MemoryStream ms = null;
try
{
HttpWebRequest request = (HttpWebRequest)WebRequest.Create(url);
request.Method = httpMethod;
if (data != null && data.Length > 0)
{
request.ContentLength = data.Length;
requestStream = request.GetRequestStream();
requestStream.Write(data, 0, data.Length);
}
response = (HttpWebResponse)request.GetResponse();
//由于微信服务器的响应有时没有正确设置ContentLength，这里不检查ContentLength
//if (response.ContentLength > 0)
{
ms = new MemoryStream();
responseStream = response.GetResponseStream();
int bufferLength = 2048;
byte[] buffer = new byte[bufferLength];
int size = responseStream.Read(buffer, 0, bufferLength);
while (size > 0)
{
ms.Write(buffer, 0, size);
size = responseStream.Read(buffer, 0, bufferLength);
}
responseData = ms.ToArray();
}
success = true;
}
finally
{
if (requestStream != null)
requestStream.Close();
if (responseStream != null)
responseStream.Close();
if (ms != null)
ms.Close();
if (response != null)
response.Close();
}
return success;
}
/// <summary>
/// 向微信服务器提交数据，并获取微信服务器响应的数据
/// </summary>
/// <param name="url">服务器地址</param>
/// <param name="responseData">返回响应数据</param>
/// /// <param name="httpMethod">http方法</param>
/// <param name="data">数据</param>
/// <returns>返回是否提交成功</returns>
public static bool Request(string url, out byte[] responseData,
string httpMethod = WebRequestMethods.Http.Get, string data = null)
{
byte[] bytes = string.IsNullOrEmpty(data) ? null : RequestEncoding.GetBytes(data);
return Request(url, out responseData, httpMethod, (byte[])bytes);
}
/// <summary>
/// 向微信服务器提交数据，并获取微信服务器响应的内容
/// </summary>
/// <param name="url">服务器地址</param>
/// <param name="responseContent">返回响应内容</param>
/// /// <param name="httpMethod">http方法</param>
/// <param name="data">数据</param>
/// <returns>返回是否提交成功</returns>
public static bool Request(string url, out string responseContent,
string httpMethod = WebRequestMethods.Http.Get, byte[] data = null)
{
byte[] responseData;
responseContent = string.Empty;
bool success = Request(url, out responseData, httpMethod, data);
if (success && responseData != null && responseData.Length > 0)
responseContent = ResponseEncoding.GetString(responseData);
return success;
}
/// <summary>
/// 向微信服务器提交数据，并获取微信服务器响应的内容
/// </summary>
/// <param name="url">服务器地址</param>
/// <param name="responseContent">返回响应内容</param>
/// /// <param name="httpMethod">http方法</param>
/// <param name="data">数据</param>
/// <returns>返回是否提交成功</returns>
public static bool Request(string url, out string responseContent,
string httpMethod = WebRequestMethods.Http.Get, string data = null)
{
byte[] bytes = string.IsNullOrEmpty(data) ? null : RequestEncoding.GetBytes(data);
return Request(url, out responseContent, httpMethod, (byte[])bytes);
}
/// <summary>
/// 向微信服务器提交数据
/// </summary>
/// <param name="url">服务器地址</param>
/// /// <param name="httpMethod">http方法</param>
/// <param name="data">数据</param>
/// <returns>返回是否提交成功</returns>
public static bool Request(string url, string httpMethod = WebRequestMethods.Http.Get, byte[] data = null)
{
bool success = false;
Stream requestStream = null;
HttpWebResponse response = null;
try
{
HttpWebRequest request = (HttpWebRequest)WebRequest.Create(url);
request.Method = httpMethod;
if (data != null && data.Length > 0)
{
request.ContentLength = data.Length;
requestStream = request.GetRequestStream();
requestStream.Write(data, 0, data.Length);
}
response = (HttpWebResponse)request.GetResponse();
success = true;
}
finally
{
if (requestStream != null)
requestStream.Close();
if (response != null)
response.Close();
}
return success;
}
/// <summary>
/// 组合url，发送数据，然后返回响应字符串
/// </summary>
/// <param name="urlFormat">url格式字符串，第一个参数为userName获取到的许可令牌，然后依次为parameters中的参数</param>
/// <param name="userName">公众号</param>
/// <param name="urlParameters">参数</param>
/// <param name="httpMethod">执行请求的http方法</param>
/// <param name="data">请求的内容</param>
/// <returns>返回响应内容；如果请求失败，或者发生错误，返回空字符串</returns>
public static string RequestResponseContent(string urlFormat, string userName, IEnumerable<object> urlParameters = null, string httpMethod = WebRequestMethods.Http.Get, string data = null)
{
string responseContent = string.Empty;
AccessToken token = AccessToken.Get(userName);
if (token == null)
return responseContent;
string url;
if (urlParameters == null)
url = string.Format(urlFormat, token.access_token);
else
{
List<object> paramList = new List<object>(urlParameters);
paramList.Insert(0, token.access_token);
url = string.Format(urlFormat, paramList.ToArray());
}
HttpHelper.Request(url, out responseContent, httpMethod, (string)data);
return responseContent;
}
/// <summary>
/// 组合url，发送数据，然后返回响应的错误消息。
/// 注：错误消息不一定代表失败或者错误。
/// </summary>
/// <param name="urlFormat">url格式字符串，第一个参数为userName获取到的许可令牌，然后依次为parameters中的参数</param>
/// <param name="userName">公众号</param>
/// <param name="urlParameters">参数</param>
/// <param name="httpMethod">执行请求的http方法</param>
/// <param name="data">请求的内容</param>
/// <returns>返回响应的错误消息</returns>
public static ErrorMessage RequestErrorMessage(string urlFormat, string userName, IEnumerable<object> urlParameters = null, string httpMethod = WebRequestMethods.Http.Get, string data = null)
{
string responseContent = RequestResponseContent(urlFormat, userName, urlParameters, httpMethod, data);
if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(responseContent))
return new ErrorMessage(ErrorMessage.ExceptionCode, "请求失败。");
else if (ErrorMessage.IsErrorMessage(responseContent))
return ErrorMessage.Parse(responseContent);
else
return new ErrorMessage(ErrorMessage.ExceptionCode, "解析响应失败。");
}
/// <summary>
/// 组合url，发送数据，然后返回结果。
/// 注：结果为需要解析的类。
/// </summary>
/// <typeparam name="T">返回结果的类型</typeparam>
/// <param name="urlFormat">url格式字符串，第一个参数为userName获取到的许可令牌，然后依次为parameters中的参数</param>
/// <param name="userName">公众号</param>
/// <param name="errorMessage">返回请求是否成功</param>
/// <param name="urlParameters">参数</param>
/// <param name="httpMethod">执行请求的http方法</param>
/// <param name="data">请求的内容</param>
/// <returns>返回结果；如果请求失败，或者发生错误，返回null。</returns>
public static T RequestParsableResult<T>(string urlFormat, string userName, out ErrorMessage errorMessage, IEnumerable<object> urlParameters = null, string httpMethod = WebRequestMethods.Http.Get, string data = null)
where T : IParsable, new()
{
T result = default(T);
errorMessage = new ErrorMessage(ErrorMessage.ExceptionCode, "请求失败。");
string responseContent = RequestResponseContent(urlFormat, userName, urlParameters, httpMethod, data);
if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(responseContent))
return result;
if (ErrorMessage.IsErrorMessage(responseContent))
errorMessage = ErrorMessage.Parse(responseContent);
else
{
try
{
result = Utility.Parse<T>(responseContent);
if (result != null)
errorMessage = new ErrorMessage(ErrorMessage.SuccessCode, "请求成功。");
else
errorMessage = new ErrorMessage(ErrorMessage.ExceptionCode, "解析失败。");
}
catch
{
errorMessage = new ErrorMessage(ErrorMessage.ExceptionCode, "解析失败。");
}
}
return result;
}
/// <summary>
/// 组合url，发送数据，然后返回结果。
/// 注：结果为已知的简单值类型。
/// </summary>
/// <typeparam name="T">返回结果的类型</typeparam>
/// <param name="urlFormat">url格式字符串，第一个参数为userName获取到的许可令牌，然后依次为parameters中的参数</param>
/// <param name="userName">公众号</param>
/// <param name="propertyNameInJson">返回结果在json中的键名</param>
/// <param name="errorMessage">返回请求是否成功</param>
/// <param name="urlParameters">参数</param>
/// <param name="httpMethod">执行请求的http方法</param>
/// <param name="data">请求的内容</param>
/// <returns>返回结果；如果请求失败，或者发生错误，返回default(T)。</returns>
public static T RequestValueTypeResult<T>(string urlFormat, string userName, string propertyNameInJson, out ErrorMessage errorMessage, IEnumerable<object> urlParameters = null, string httpMethod = WebRequestMethods.Http.Get, string data = null)
where T : struct
{
errorMessage = new ErrorMessage(ErrorMessage.ExceptionCode, "请求失败。");
string responseContent = RequestResponseContent(urlFormat, userName, urlParameters, httpMethod, data);
return ConvertValueTypeResult<T>(responseContent, propertyNameInJson, out errorMessage);
}
/// <summary>
/// 获取值类型的结果
/// </summary>
/// <typeparam name="T">返回结果的类型</typeparam>
/// <param name="responseContent">响应内容</param>
/// <param name="propertyNameInJson">返回结果在json中的键名</param>
/// <param name="errorMessage">返回请求是否成功</param>
/// <returns>返回结果；如果请求失败，或者发生错误，返回default(T)。</returns>
private static T ConvertValueTypeResult<T>(string responseContent, string propertyNameInJson, out ErrorMessage errorMessage)
where T : struct
{
if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(responseContent))
{
errorMessage = new ErrorMessage(ErrorMessage.ExceptionCode, "请求失败。");
return default(T);
}
if (ErrorMessage.IsErrorMessage(responseContent))
errorMessage = ErrorMessage.Parse(responseContent);
else
errorMessage = new ErrorMessage(ErrorMessage.SuccessCode, "请求成功。");
JObject jo = JObject.Parse(responseContent);
JToken jt;
if (jo.TryGetValue(propertyNameInJson, out jt))
return ConvertValueTypeResult<T>((string)jt);
else
return default(T);
}
/// <summary>
/// 获取值类型的结果
/// </summary>
/// <typeparam name="T">返回结果的类型</typeparam>
/// <param name="responseContent">响应内容</param>
/// <param name="propertyNameInJson">返回结果在json中的键名</param>
/// <param name="errorMessage">返回请求是否成功</param>
/// <returns>返回结果；如果请求失败，或者发生错误，返回default(T)。</returns>
private static T ConvertValueTypeResult<T>(string value)
where T : struct
{
Type type = typeof(T);
if (type.IsEnum)
return (T)Enum.Parse(type, value);
else if (type == typeof(sbyte))
return (T)(object)Convert.ToSByte(value);
else if (type == typeof(byte))
return (T)(object)Convert.ToByte(value);
else if (type == typeof(char))
return (T)(object)Convert.ToChar(value);
else if (type == typeof(short))
return (T)(object)Convert.ToInt16(value);
else if (type == typeof(ushort))
return (T)(object)Convert.ToUInt16(value);
else if (type == typeof(int))
return (T)(object)Convert.ToInt32(value);
else if (type == typeof(uint))
return (T)(object)Convert.ToUInt32(value);
else if (type == typeof(long))
return (T)(object)Convert.ToInt64(value);
else if (type == typeof(ulong))
return (T)(object)Convert.ToUInt64(value);
else if (type == typeof(float))
return (T)(object)Convert.ToSingle(value);
else if (type == typeof(double))
return (T)(object)Convert.ToDouble(value);
else if (type == typeof(decimal))
return (T)(object)Convert.ToDecimal(value);
else if (type == typeof(bool))
return (T)(object)Convert.ToBoolean(value);
else
throw new ArgumentException("不支持的值类型。");
}
/// <summary>
/// 向微信服务器提交数据
/// </summary>
/// <param name="url">服务器地址</param>
/// /// <param name="httpMethod">http方法</param>
/// <param name="data">数据</param>
/// <returns>返回是否提交成功</returns>
public static bool Request(string url, string httpMethod = WebRequestMethods.Http.Get, string data = null)
{
byte[] bytes = string.IsNullOrEmpty(data) ? null : RequestEncoding.GetBytes(data);
return Request(url, httpMethod, (byte[])bytes);
}
/// <summary>
/// 上传文件
/// </summary>
/// <param name="url">服务器地址</param>
/// <param name="filename">文件名（不包含路径）</param>
/// <param name="fileData">文件数据</param>
/// <param name="formData">表单数据</param>
/// <returns>返回服务器的响应字符串</returns>
public static string Upload(string url, string filename, byte[] fileData, NameValueCollection formData = null)
{
string responseContent = string.Empty;
if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(url) || string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(filename) || fileData == null || fileData.Length == 0)
return responseContent;
// 边界符
string boundary = "AaB03xAaB03x";
// 开始边界符
byte[] beginBoundary = Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes("--" + boundary + "\r\n");
// 结束符
byte[] endBoundary = Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes("--" + boundary + "--\r\n");
//换行
byte[] newLine = Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes("\r\n");
MemoryStream ms = null;
Stream stream = null;
HttpWebResponse response = null;
StreamReader sr = null;
try
{
HttpWebRequest request = (HttpWebRequest)WebRequest.Create(url);
request.Method = WebRequestMethods.Http.Post;
request.ContentType = "multipart/form-data; boundary=" + boundary;
// 写入文件
string header = string.Format("Content-Disposition: form-data; filename=\"{0}\"\r\n" +
"Content-Type: application/octet-stream\r\n\r\n",
filename);
byte[] headerbytes = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(header);
ms = new MemoryStream();
ms.Write(beginBoundary, 0, beginBoundary.Length);
ms.Write(headerbytes, 0, headerbytes.Length);
ms.Write(fileData, 0, fileData.Length);
// 写入表单数据
if (formData != null && formData.Count > 0)
{
var formItem = "\r\n--" + boundary +
"\r\nContent-Disposition: form-data; name=\"{0}\"" +
"\r\n\r\n{1}\r\n";
foreach (string key in formData.Keys)
{
string value = formData[key];
byte[] bytes = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(string.Format(formItem, key, value));
ms.Write(bytes, 0, bytes.Length);
}
}
//写入结束边界符
ms.Write(newLine, 0, newLine.Length);
ms.Write(endBoundary, 0, endBoundary.Length);
request.ContentLength = ms.Length;
stream = request.GetRequestStream();
stream.Write(ms.ToArray(), 0, (int)ms.Length);
//获取响应
response = (HttpWebResponse)request.GetResponse();
sr = new StreamReader(response.GetResponseStream(), HttpHelper.ResponseEncoding);
responseContent = sr.ReadToEnd();
}
finally
{
if (ms != null)
ms.Close();
if (stream != null)
stream.Close();
if (sr != null)
sr.Close();
if (response != null)
response.Close();
}
return responseContent;
}
/// <summary>
/// 上传文件
/// </summary>
/// <param name="url">服务器地址</param>
/// <param name="pathname">包含路径的文件名</param>
/// <param name="formData">表单数据</param>
/// <returns>返回服务器的响应字符串</returns>
public static string Upload(string url, string pathname, NameValueCollection formData = null)
{
string filename = Path.GetFileName(pathname);
byte[] data = null;
FileStream fs = null;
MemoryStream ms = null;
try
{
fs = new FileStream(pathname, FileMode.Open, FileAccess.Read);
ms = new MemoryStream();
int bufferLength = 2048;
byte[] buffer = new byte[bufferLength];
int size = fs.Read(buffer, 0, bufferLength);
while (size > 0)
{
ms.Write(buffer, 0, size);
size = fs.Read(buffer, 0, bufferLength);
}
data = ms.ToArray();
}
finally
{
if (fs != null)
fs.Close();
if (ms != null)
ms.Close();
}
return Upload(url, filename, data, formData);
}
}
HttpHelper
三.最终效果如下:
四.微信公众号开发系列导航
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时间： 2024-10-11 13:15:01