作为一名初级Java程序员都很羡慕Windows ADO ,只需要new Connection 就可以直接从数据库连接池中返回Connection。并且 ADO Connection 是线程安全的,多个线程可以共用一个Connection,所以ASP程序一般都把getConnection 放在 Global.asa 文件中,在 IIS 启动时建立数据库连接。ADO 的Connection 和Result 都有很好的缓冲,并且很容易使用。
其实我们可以自己写一个JDBC数据库连接池。
写JDBC connection pool 的注意事项有:
1. 有一个简单的函数从连接池中得到一个 Connection。
2. close 函数必须将connection 放回 数据库连接池。
3. 当数据库连接池中没有空闲的connection,数据库连接池必须能够自动增加connection 个数。
4. 当数据库连接池中的connection 个数在某一个特别的时间变得很大,但是以后很长时间只用其中一小部分,应该可以自动将多余的connection 关闭掉。
5. 如果可能,应该提供debug 信息报告没有关闭的new Connection 。
如果要new Connection 就可以直接从数据库连接池中返回Connection, 可以这样写( Mediator pattern ) (以下代码中使用了中文全角空格):
代码如下:
- public class EasyConnection implements java.sql.Connection{
- private Connection m_delegate = null;
- public EasyConnection(){
- m_delegate = getConnectionFromPool();
- }
- public void close(){
- putConnectionBackToPool(m_delegate);
- }
- public PreparedStatement prepareStatement(String sql) throws SQLException{
- m_delegate.prepareStatement(sql);
- }
- //...... other method
- }
看来并不难。不过不建议这种写法,因为应该尽量避免使用Java Interface, 关于Java Interface 的缺点我另外再写文章讨论。大家关注的是Connection Pool 的实现方法。下面给出一种实现方法。
- import java.sql.*;
- import java.lang.reflect.*;
- import java.util.*;
- import java.io.*;
- public class SimpleConnetionPool {
- private static LinkedList m_notUsedConnection = new LinkedList();
- private static HashSet m_usedUsedConnection = new HashSet();
- private static String m_url = "";
- private static String m_user = "";
- private static String m_password = "";
- static final boolean DEBUG = true;
- static private long m_lastClearClosedConnection = System.currentTimeMillis();
- public static long CHECK_CLOSED_CONNECTION_TIME = 4 * 60 * 60 * 1000; //4 hours
- static {
- initDriver();
- }
- private SimpleConnetionPool() {
- }
- private static void initDriver() {
- Driver driver = null;
- //load mysql driver
- try {
- driver = (Driver) Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver").newInstance();
- installDriver(driver);
- } catch (Exception e) {
- }
- //load postgresql driver
- try {
- driver = (Driver) Class.forName("org.postgresql.Driver").newInstance();
- installDriver(driver);
- } catch (Exception e) {
- }
- }
- public static void installDriver(Driver driver) {
- try {
- DriverManager.registerDriver(driver);
- } catch (Exception e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- }
- public static synchronized Connection getConnection() {
- clearClosedConnection();
- while (m_notUsedConnection.size() > 0) {
- try {
- ConnectionWrapper wrapper = (ConnectionWrapper) m_notUsedConnection.removeFirst();
- if (wrapper.connection.isClosed()) {
- continue;
- }
- m_usedUsedConnection.add(wrapper);
- if (DEBUG) {
- wrapper.debugInfo = new Throwable("Connection initial statement");
- }
- return wrapper.connection;
- } catch (Exception e) {
- }
- }
- int newCount = getIncreasingConnectionCount();
- LinkedList list = new LinkedList();
- ConnectionWrapper wrapper = null;
- for (int i = 0; i < newCount; i++) {
- wrapper = getNewConnection();
- if (wrapper != null) {
- list.add(wrapper);
- }
- }
- if (list.size() == 0) {
- return null;
- }
- wrapper = (ConnectionWrapper) list.removeFirst();
- m_usedUsedConnection.add(wrapper);
- m_notUsedConnection.addAll(list);
- list.clear();
- return wrapper.connection;
- }
- private static ConnectionWrapper getNewConnection() {
- try {
- Connection con = DriverManager.getConnection(m_url, m_user, m_password);
- ConnectionWrapper wrapper = new ConnectionWrapper(con);
- return wrapper;
- } catch (Exception e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- return null;
- }
- static synchronized void pushConnectionBackToPool(ConnectionWrapper con) {
- boolean exist = m_usedUsedConnection.remove(con);
- if (exist) {
- m_notUsedConnection.addLast(con);
- }
- }
- public static int close() {
- int count = 0;
- Iterator iterator = m_notUsedConnection.iterator();
- while (iterator.hasNext()) {
- try {
- ( (ConnectionWrapper) iterator.next()).close();
- count++;
- } catch (Exception e) {
- }
- }
- m_notUsedConnection.clear();
- iterator = m_usedUsedConnection.iterator();
- while (iterator.hasNext()) {
- try {
- ConnectionWrapper wrapper = (ConnectionWrapper) iterator.next();
- wrapper.close();
- if (DEBUG) {
- wrapper.debugInfo.printStackTrace();
- }
- count++;
- } catch (Exception e) {
- }
- }
- m_usedUsedConnection.clear();
- return count;
- }
- private static void clearClosedConnection() {
- long time = System.currentTimeMillis();
- //sometimes user change system time,just return
- if (time < m_lastClearClosedConnection) {
- time = m_lastClearClosedConnection;
- return;
- }
- //no need check very often
- if (time - m_lastClearClosedConnection < CHECK_CLOSED_CONNECTION_TIME) {
- return;
- }
- m_lastClearClosedConnection = time;
- //begin check
- Iterator iterator = m_notUsedConnection.iterator();
- while (iterator.hasNext()) {
- ConnectionWrapper wrapper = (ConnectionWrapper) iterator.next();
- try {
- if (wrapper.connection.isClosed()) {
- iterator.remove();
- }
- } catch (Exception e) {
- iterator.remove();
- if (DEBUG) {
- System.out.println("connection is closed, this connection initial StackTrace");
- wrapper.debugInfo.printStackTrace();
- }
- }
- }
- //make connection pool size smaller if too big
- int decrease = getDecreasingConnectionCount();
- if (m_notUsedConnection.size() < decrease) {
- return;
- }
- while (decrease-- > 0) {
- ConnectionWrapper wrapper = (ConnectionWrapper) m_notUsedConnection.removeFirst();
- try {
- wrapper.connection.close();
- } catch (Exception e) {
- }
- }
- }
- /**
- * get increasing connection count, not just add 1 connection
- * @return count
- */
- public static int getIncreasingConnectionCount() {
- int count = 1;
- int current = getConnectionCount();
- count = current / 4;
- if (count < 1) {
- count = 1;
- }
- return count;
- }
- /**
- * get decreasing connection count, not just remove 1 connection
- * @return count
- */
- public static int getDecreasingConnectionCount() {
- int count = 0;
- int current = getConnectionCount();
- if (current < 10) {
- return 0;
- }
- return current / 3;
- }
- public synchronized static void printDebugMsg() {
- printDebugMsg(System.out);
- }
- public synchronized static void printDebugMsg(PrintStream out) {
- if (DEBUG == false) {
- return;
- }
- StringBuffer msg = new StringBuffer();
- msg.append("debug message in " + SimpleConnetionPool.class.getName());
- msg.append("\r\n");
- msg.append("total count is connection pool: " + getConnectionCount());
- msg.append("\r\n");
- msg.append("not used connection count: " + getNotUsedConnectionCount());
- msg.append("\r\n");
- msg.append("used connection, count: " + getUsedConnectionCount());
- out.println(msg);
- Iterator iterator = m_usedUsedConnection.iterator();
- while (iterator.hasNext()) {
- ConnectionWrapper wrapper = (ConnectionWrapper) iterator.next();
- wrapper.debugInfo.printStackTrace(out);
- }
- out.println();
- }
- public static synchronized int getNotUsedConnectionCount() {
- return m_notUsedConnection.size();
- }
- public static synchronized int getUsedConnectionCount() {
- return m_usedUsedConnection.size();
- }
- public static synchronized int getConnectionCount() {
- return m_notUsedConnection.size() + m_usedUsedConnection.size();
- }
- public static String getUrl() {
- return m_url;
- }
- public static void setUrl(String url) {
- if (url == null) {
- return;
- }
- m_url = url.trim();
- }
- public static String getUser() {
- return m_user;
- }
- public static void setUser(String user) {
- if (user == null) {
- return;
- }
- m_user = user.trim();
- }
- public static String getPassword() {
- return m_password;
- }
- public static void setPassword(String password) {
- if (password == null) {
- return;
- }
- m_password = password.trim();
- }
- }
- class ConnectionWrapper implements InvocationHandler {
- private final static String CLOSE_METHOD_NAME = "close";
- public Connection connection = null;
- private Connection m_originConnection = null;
- public long lastAccessTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
- Throwable debugInfo = new Throwable("Connection initial statement");
- ConnectionWrapper(Connection con) {
- this.connection = (Connection) Proxy.newProxyInstance(
- con.getClass().getClassLoader(),
- con.getClass().getInterfaces(), this);
- m_originConnection = con;
- }
- void close() throws SQLException {
- m_originConnection.close();
- }
- public Object invoke(Object proxy, Method m, Object[] args) throws Throwable {
- Object obj = null;
- if (CLOSE_METHOD_NAME.equals(m.getName())) {
- SimpleConnetionPool.pushConnectionBackToPool(this);
- }
- else {
- obj = m.invoke(m_originConnection, args);
- }
- lastAccessTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
- return obj;
- }
- }
使用方法
- public class TestConnectionPool{
- public static void main(String[] args) {
- SimpleConnetionPool.setUrl(DBTools.getDatabaseUrl());
- SimpleConnetionPool.setUser(DBTools.getDatabaseUserName());
- SimpleConnetionPool.setPassword(DBTools.getDatabasePassword());
- Connection con = SimpleConnetionPool.getConnection();
- Connection con1 = SimpleConnetionPool.getConnection();
- Connection con2 = SimpleConnetionPool.getConnection();
- //do something with con ...
- try {
- con.close();
- } catch (Exception e) {}
- try {
- con1.close();
- } catch (Exception e) {}
- try {
- con2.close();
- } catch (Exception e) {}
- con = SimpleConnetionPool.getConnection();
- con1 = SimpleConnetionPool.getConnection();
- try {
- con1.close();
- } catch (Exception e) {}
- con2 = SimpleConnetionPool.getConnection();
- SimpleConnetionPool.printDebugMsg();
- }
- }
最后一点就是
运行测试程序后打印JDBC数据库连接池中Connection状态,以及正在使用的没有关闭Connection信息。
end,动手练习一下。