some base knowledge

har类型的长度被定义为一个8位字节,这很简单。

short类型的长度至少为两字节。在有些计算机上,对于有些编译程序,short类型的长度可能为4字节,或者更长。

int类型是一个整数的“自然”大小,其长度至少为两字节,并且至少要和short类型一样长。在16位计算机上,int类型的长度可能为两字节;在32位计算机上,可能为4字节;当64位计算机流行起来后,int类型的长度可能会达到8字节。这里说的都是“可能”,例如,早期的Motorala 68000是一种16/32位的混合型计算机,依赖于不同的命令行选项,一个68000编译程序能产生两字节长或4字节长的int类型。

long类型至少和int类型一样长(因此,它也至少和short类型一样长)。long类型的长度至少为4字节。32位计算机上的编译程序可能会使short,int和long类型的长度都为4字节——也可能不会。

在32位系统环境中,编译选项为4字节对齐,那么sizeof(A)和sizeof(B)是:

[cpp] view plaincopy

  1. struct A
  2. {
  3. int a;
  4. short b;
  5. int c;
  6. char d;
  7. };
  8. struct B
  9. {
  10. int a;
  11. short b;
  12. char d;
  13. int c;
  14. };

A、16,16               B、16,12            C、13,12       D、11,16

some base knowledge

时间: 2024-09-27 09:43:39

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